Paris, France

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Paris, France

• Abby Tisdale
• Hannah Liechty
• Samantha Florian

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FrenchHealthcare

• Original passage of Nation Health Insurance in
  1928
• Not in effect for everyone until 2000
• All residents automatically enrolled, in addition
  90 of
• population subscribes to supplementary
  insurance
• Spends 9.1 of GDP on its health care system also
  taxes help
• fund NHI
• The health system in France is dominated by
  solo-based, fee-
• for-service private practice for ambulatory
  care and public
• hospitals for acute institutional care,
  among which
• patients are free to navigate and be
  reimbursed under NHI.

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National Health Insurance
According to The American Journal of Public
Health The French health care system combines
universal coverage with a public-private mix of
hospital and ambulatory care, higher levels of
resources and a higher volume of service
provision than the Unites States. Ambulatory
care is dominated by office-based solo practice,
there are also private group practices, health
centers, occupational health services , and a
strong public sector program for maternal and
child health care.
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National Health Insurance
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The French PMI

• Maternal and Infant Protection Service
• Ceated November 20, 1945 by governmental decree
• Initial goal was to reduce prenatal mortality
• Infant mortality is 4th lowest in the world today
• Goals throughout the years
• Prevention and detection of handicaps to provide
  disabled children with early and efficient
  support
• Reduction of prenatal mortality through a
  national program aimed at conditions of
  pregnancy, delivery, and new-born care
• Prevention of unwanted pregnancies and illegal
  abortions
• Support integration for families and children
  living in difficult social conditions
• Fight against child abuse

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The French PMI

• A preventive health service for children from
  before birth to age 6
• Consists of 5,000 affiliated physicians and 4,600
  public health nurses
• Spend 55 a year per child under 6
• A child must have a medical checkup once a month
  until 9 mo. old
• Checkups at four or six month intervals until age
  6
• U.S. is behind most major industrial countries
• 10 deaths for every 1,000 births

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EUFIC

• European Food Information Council
• Non-profit organization
• Provides science-based information on food
  quality safety
• Mission statement
• Co-financed by European Commission European
  food/drink industry
• Current members

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EUFIC Platform on Diet, Physical Activity Health

• Problem
• Platform for Action
• Fields of Action
• Commitments to Action
• Monitoring of Actions
• Duration of Commitments
• Other Initiatives
• Call for Support

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EUFIC Guideline Daily Amounts

• Used as guide for total amount of energy
  nutrients that healthy adults need each day
• Derived from international, EU government
  guidelines based on newest scientific data
• Available for energy (calories) four most
  important nutrients that may increase risk of
  developing diet-related diseases

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EUFIC Guideline Daily Amounts

• Based on typical requirements for healthy men
  women over 18 years, of normal weight for
  weight maintenance
• Derived from EAR (Estimated Average Population
  Requirements) for energy
• Take account of current activity levels
  lifestyle of average citizen
• Energy measured in kilocalories (kcal)

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EUFIC Guideline Daily Amounts

• Average woman 2000 kcal (energy GDA)
• Average man 2500 kcal
• Values are used as reference to
• calculate GDA for nutrients
• Nutrient values very similar to US

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The French Paradox

• The lower-than-expected rate of mortality from
  coronary heart disease in a society where the
  diet is rich in fat and saturated fat.
• Diet has been described as the Mediterranean
  Diet
• The type of fat in the diet is just as
  important as the total amount of fat.
• France has the second longest life expectancy
  in the world.
• Prevalence of overweight and obesity is
  relatively low
• Nutrition and health risks are not the same
  across all of France.
• Higher cardiovascular risk in the North
• Lower cardiovascular risk in the South

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PNNS

• Programme National Nutrition Santé
• Launched in 2001 to improve nutritional
  information and diet in the French public
• Goals
• Increase intake of fruits and vegetables
• Increase intake of calcium and carbohydrates
• Reduce intake of total fat
• Decrease alcohol and sodium intake
• This will help reduce blood cholesterol level
  in population and decrease prevalence of
  overweight and obesity

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Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

• French Native
• Discovered that disease are spread by bacteria
• 1881 began to study rabies
• 1885 first rabies vaccine worked on a small boy
• Devised the Process of Pasteurization in 1865 to
  inhibit fermentation of wine and milk
• Pasteur Institute
• Sections microbiology, developmental biology,
  immunology, a hospital, a teaching center, an
  epidemiological reference center.

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EU Food Regulation Assessment

• (ACNFP) Advisory Committee on Novel Food
  Processes
• Proposal
• Assessment
• Panel of Experts
• Project SAFE FOODS (2004-2008)

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Diet Related Health Issues

• Obesity (Child Adult)
• Osteoporosis
• Syndrome X
• Metabolic Syndrome
• Iron Deficiency
• Cancer

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Obesity

• Frances rate is less than most countries
• The rates of overweight and obesity are
  increasing very rapidly at an alarming rate
• In 1997, the prevalence of obesity in the adult
  population was 8.2
• In 2000, it was 9.6
• In 2003, it reached 11.3
• Today, it is up to 12

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Biotechnology

• General consensus Biotechnology has a lot to
  offer, but it may also represent a real risk for
  public health and the environment.
• Their position is to create a regulatory
  framework within which biotechnology should be
  developed
• French government believes risks need to be
  rigorously evaluated for each new situation and
  would like to ensure that assessment is based on
  transparent, independent scientific research.
• They stand as the guardian of public health and
  safety for its people
• Compared with the British, Dutch, and Irish
  governments, the French government is not very
  pro-active in leading the public towards a
  favorable view of biotechnology.

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Biotechnology

• The president of France Biotech was recently
  heard on RFI radio expressing his worry that
  France is lagging behind in its biotechnology
  development.
• He said that if sufficient funds were not
  invested into developing biotechnology, France
  would lose all competitiveness with Great Britain
  and the U.S. by 2010-2020.
• CECSI communication, education, and scientific
  and industrial culture
• CCSTI cultural centers for science, technology,
  and industry
• Responsible for promoting science and industry
  with a science for every citizen philosophy

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Food Biotechnology Viewpoints

• Precautionary Principle
• In the wording of the 1990 Bergen Declaration
  (first official pronouncement) the Principle
  states
• Where there are threats of serious or
  irreversible damage, lack of full scientific
  certainty should not be used as a reason for
  postponing measures to prevent environmental
  degradation.
• (2004) Professors Yves Tiverghien and Sean Starrs
  state that Indeed, the EU took time both to find
  a common voice on the issue of biotechnology and
  to move from a concern technological
  competitiveness to a primary concern about health
  and environment.

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Genetic Engineering Viewpoints

• The public debate in Europe demonstrates that
  rigorous safety assessment is necessary but not
  sufficient for gaining societal acceptance of
  agricultural biotechnology. Many natural
  scientists agree that currently available GM
  crops are as safe as conventional food crops.
  Some critics on the other hand point to possible
  adverse unintended effects others hold more
  fundamental concerns about mankind. Messing with
  hereditary material. The challenge is to
  identify prerequisites for introducing products
  of agricultural biotechnology in a manner that is
  broadly accepted in societies with wide-ranging
  viewpoints.

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Parisian Education Today

• the Nation guarantees equal access for children
  
• adults to education, vocational training
  culture.
• Ages 3 through 16
• Free of charge
• National education budget - 23.31 of overall
  national budget
• Adapts to new educational methods, modern
  technology users expectations

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Parisian Education Today

• Primary Level of Education
• Nursery school (pre-primary) ages 3-6
• Primary school ages 6-11
• Teaches autonomy basics about citizenship
• Secondary Level of Education
• Lower secondary education (college) ages 11-15
• Study same curriculum
• Diploma
• Higher secondary education (lycee) ages 15-18
• Large range of education training possibilities
• Baccalaureat

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Parisian Education Today

• Higher Education
• All studies after baccalaureate
• Two systems open selective
• Provides general vocational possibilities
• Initial Vocational Training
• Education for Special Needs Students
• Private Education

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Parisian Education History of Sorbonne

• La Sorbonne
• Name derived from College de Sorbonne
• Founded in 1257
• Suppressed during French Revolution
• Reopened by Napoleon in 1808
• Finally closed in 1882
• One of many colleges of U of Paris that existed
  until French Revolution

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Parisian Education- Sorbonne University

• (1970) University divided into 13 different
  universities
• Three have kept the Sorbonne name as part of
  official title
• Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV)
• The New Sorbonne (Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris III)
• Pantheon-Sorbonne (Paris I)

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Religious History in France

• Religious wars 1562-98
• Huguenot wars
• Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre

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Religious/Spiritual Life Today

• Roman Catholic 83-88
• Protestant 2
• Jewish 1
• Muslim 5-10
• Unaffiliated 4
• 2005 poll 34 responded they believe there is
  a God
• 27 answered they believe there is some sort of
  spirit or life force
• 33 answered hey do not believe there is any
  sort of Spirit, God, or life force

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Daily Living - Renaissance

• Family Roles
• Housing
• Childhood
• Fashion
• Food/Cooking

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Daily Life Today

• Family
• Housing
• Recreation
• Personal appearance

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French Designers

• Coco Chanel
• Christian Dior
• Yves Saint Laurent
• Louis Vuitton

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Free Time in Paris

• Shopping
• Marché aux Puces St-Ouen de Clignancourt
• Worlds largest flea market
• Marché St-Germain
• SR Store
• Eating
• Chartier
• Laduree (tea salon)
• Les Pipos

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Site-Seeing in Paris

• Place de la Concorde
• Ile St-Louis
• Au Lapin Agile
• Catacombs
• Moulin Rouge

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Works Cited

• Bellisle, F. (2005). Nutrition and Health in
  France Dissecting a Paradox. Journal of the
  American Dietetic Association, 105, 1870-1873.
• Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. (2007).
  Religion of Wars (6th ed.) Columbia University
  Press.
• Cure, K. (2004). Europe. United States Fodors
  Travel Publications.
• Drewnowski, A., Ahlstrom Henderson, S., Shore, A.
  B., Fischler, C., Preziosi, P., Hercberg, S.
  (1996). Diet quality and dietary diversity in
  France Implications for the French paradox.
  Journal of the American Dietetic Association 96,
  663-669.
• Embassy of France. (2008). Embassy of France in
  US-Fashion. Retrieved February 11, 2004 from
  http//ambafrance-us.org/atoz/fashion.asp
• Eras of Elegance. (2007). The Renaissance Era
  (1450-1600). Retrieved February 17, 2008, from
  http//www.erasofelegance.com/history/reanissancel
  ife.html

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WorksCited

• European Food Information Council. (2006). EUFIC.
  Retrieved February 15, 2008, from
  http//www.eufic.org
• Larson, Betty (1993). Public Health Policy from
  an International Perspective. Moorhead Betty
  Larson.
• Mealey,L.(2007,April). Family Life During the
  Renaissance Roles of men, women, and children in
  the European Renaissance. Retrieved February 17,
  2008, from http//www.weuropeanhistory.suite101.co
  m/article.cfm/family_life_during_the_renaissance
• Ministère des Affaires étrangères. (2007). La
  France à la loupe The Education System in
  France. Retrieved February 12,2008.
  http//www.diplomatie.gov.fr/fr/IMG/pdf?enseignmen
  t_superieur.pdf
• Pasteurization. (2008). In Encyclopedia
  Britannica. Retrieved February 18, 2008, from
  Encyclopedia Britannica Online
  http//www.search.eb.com/eb/article

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Works Cited

• Richardson, G., Marx, E. (1989). How France
  Achieves Quality in Child Care Practical Ideas
  for the United States. New York E.I. du Pont de
  Nemours and Company.
• Rodwin,V.G. (2003). The Health Care System Under
  French National Health Insurance. American
  Journal of Public Health,93,31-37.
• Université Paris Sorbonne-Paris IV. (2008).
  History of Paris-Sorbonne. Retrieved February 14,
  2008, from http//www.paris-sorbonne
• Wikipedia. (2007). Religion in France. Retrieved
  February 18,2008, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wi
  ke/Religion_in_France
• Wikipedia. (2008). Sorbonne. Retrieved February
  18, 2008, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wike/Sorbo
  nne