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Introduction to Computers Chapter 1

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Introduction to Computers Chapter 1 By: Nicholas Smalarz Chris Cahill Daniel Upbin Outline What is Computer? Components of a Computer Why is a Computer so Powerful? – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Introduction to Computers Chapter 1


1
Introduction to Computers Chapter 1
  • By
  • Nicholas Smalarz
  • Chris Cahill
  • Daniel Upbin

2
Outline
  1. What is Computer?
  2. Components of a Computer
  3. Why is a Computer so Powerful?
  4. Computer Applications and Society
  5. Examples of Computer Usage
  6. Networks and Internet Computer Software
  7. Categories of Computers
  8. Computer Applications and Society

3
What is a Computer?
  • Computer- An electronic device, operating under
    the control of instructions stored in its own
    memory, that can accept data, manipulate the data
    according to specified rules, produce results and
    store the results for future use.

4
Heres A Computer!
In 1969 for 5975
In 2004 for 699
5
Components of a Computer
  • Hardware
  • Input Devices
  • Keyboard, Mouse, Microphone, Digital Camera
  • Output Devices
  • Monitor, Speaker, Printer
  • System Unit
  • The computer casing (inside includes the
    motherboard with a processor and memory)
  • Storage Devices
  • Hard Drives, CD/DVD-ROM Drives, Floppy Disk
    Drives, USB Drives and memory cards
  • Communication Devices
  • Modems, Networking Cards

6
Why is a Computer so Powerful?
  • Speed
  • Circuits
  • Billions of operations in a single second
  • Reliability and Consistency
  • Low failure rate
  • Consistent results
  • Accuracy
  • Depends on input

7
Why is a Computer so Powerful Cont.
  • Storage
  • Transfer data quickly
  • Store enormous amounts of data
  • Communications
  • Computers can share information
  • Processing cycles
  • Input
  • Output
  • Storage
  • Process

8
Networks and Internet Computer Software
  • Network
  • Is a collection of computers and devices
    connected together via communications devices and
    transmission media. Networks allow computers to
    share resources such as
  • Hardware, software, data, and information
  • Internet
  • Is a worldwide collection of networks that
    connects millions of businesses, government
    agencies, educational institutions, and
    individuals. Uses for the internet include
  • Communicating with other people
  • Access information, news, and research findings
  • Shop for goods
  • Banking and Investing
  • Entertainment (online games, movies, music, etc.)
  • Systems Software
  • Consists of programs that control or maintain the
    operations of the computer and its devices.
  • Operating System-is a set of programs that
    coordinates all the activities among computer
    hardware devices.
  • Microsofts Windows
  • Apples Macintosh

9
Networks and Internet Computer Software Continued
  • Application Software
  • Consists of programs that perform specific tasks
    for users.
  • Popular types of application software include
  • Word Processing Software
  • Spreadsheet software
  • Database software
  • Presentation graphics software
  • Software Development
  • A programmer is someone who develops application
    or system software.
  • Popular program languages include
  • C, C, Visual Basic .NET 2003, and JavaScript.
  • Programs require thousands to millions of
    instructions.
  • Use programming language or program development
    to create computer programs.

10
Examples of Computer Usage
  • Home
  • Small Office/Home Office
  • Mobile
  • Large Business
  • Power

11
Home/Small Office
  • Home
  • Desktop Computer
  • PDA
  • Uses
  • Word Processing
  • Finance
  • Internet
  • Educational
  • Entertainment
  • Communication
  • Small Office
  • Desktop Computers
  • Network
  • Uses
  • Spreadsheets
  • E-Mail
  • Internet use
  • Manage finances

12
Mobile
  • Types
  • PDA
  • Notebook Computer
  • Cell Phone
  • Usually wireless
  • Uses
  • Communication
  • Presentations
  • Organization

13
Large Business/Power
  • Large Business
  • Massive network
  • IT Department
  • Types
  • Kiosk
  • Desktop
  • Mobile
  • Uses
  • Accounting
  • Business
  • Network Mgt.
  • Power
  • Workstation
  • Industry standards
  • Used by
  • Engineers
  • Architects
  • Uses
  • Publishing
  • Editing
  • Internet

14
Categories of Computers
  • Personal Computers (PC)
  • Is a computer that can perform all of its input,
    processing, output, and activities by itself.
  • Two types of personal computers are
  • PC (personal computer) based on the IBM personal
    computer design, which Dell, Gateway, and Toshiba
    manufacture.
  • Apple computers
  • Desktop Computers
  • Is designed so the system unit, input devices,
    output devices, and any other devices fit
    entirely on or under a desk or table.
  • System Unit- Is a tall and narrow tower, that
    can sit upright or could lye sideways with the
    system monitor on top.
  • Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
  • A mobile computer and a mobile device are both
    capable of being taking place to place by just
    carrying them. A mobile device is small enough to
    hold in your hand.
  • Notebook computers (laptop computer) is a
    portable, personal computer small enough to fit
    on your lap.
  • Tablet PC is a special type of notebook computer
    that allows you to write or draw on the screen
    using a digital pen.

15
Categories of Computers Continued
  • Midrange Servers
  • Are more powerful and larger than a workstation
    computer.
  • Store data and programs
  • Typically support several hundred PCs at the
    same time
  • Mainframes
  • Are large, expensive, very powerful computers
    that can handle hundreds or thousands of
    connected users simultaneously.
  • Banks, airlines, and insurance companies use
    mainframes
  • Supercomputers
  • Are the fastest, most powerful computer-and most
    expensive.
  • Capable of processing more than 100 trillion
    instructions in a single second.
  • Can store more than 16,000 times the average
    desktop computer.
  • Supercomputers are used to compute applications
    in
  • Medicine
  • Aerospace
  • Weather forecasting
  • Nuclear energy research

16
Computer Applications and Society
  • Education
  • Finance
  • Government
  • Health Care
  • Science
  • Publishing
  • Travel
  • Industry

17
Computer Applications and Society
  • Education
  • Is the process of acquiring knowledge. So in
    todays technological world, educators turn to
    computers to assist in education.
  • Students use software to assist with learning or
    to complete assignments.
  • Drop in computer cost have allowed educators to
    equip school science labs and classrooms with
    computers.
  • Some schools require students to have a notebook
    computer or PDA.
  • Learning takes place in classroom and the other
    part occurs on the Web.
  • 70 percent of college offer some type of distance
    learning classes.
  • Finance
  • Computers are used to manage finances for
    individuals and companies.
  • Online Banking- users can access account
    balances, pay bills, copy monthly transactions
    from the banks computer right into their
    computers.
  • Web-based financial institutions
  • Transfer cash to another persons account or bank
    account
  • Companies use it for rebates and refunds
  • Online Investing- buying and selling of stocks
    without the use of a broker.
  • Transaction fees are much less than trading with
    a broker

18
Computer Applications and Society Continued
  • Health Care
  • Nearly every area of health care uses computers.
  • Maintain patient records
  • Monitor patient vital signs
  • Assist doctors, nurses, and technicians in
    medical test
  • To file insurance claims
  • Surgeons use computer-controlled devices to aid
    in some surgeries
  • Government
  • Provides society with direction by making and
    administering policies. As a part of the daily
    job, government employees use computers everyday
    to run there respected agencies.
  • About 62 of the people in the United States
    access government Web sites.
  • File taxes
  • Apply for permits and licenses
  • Renew driver license
  • Government computers store vital records, such as
    fingerprints and criminal records.

19
Computer Applications and Society Continued
  • Science
  • All branches of science, from biology to
    astronomy to meteorology, use computers to assist
    them with in
  • Collecting
  • Analyzing
  • Modeling data
  • Communication with other scientist.
  • Publishing
  • Is the process of making works available to the
    public printed in
  • Books
  • Magazines
  • Newspapers
  • Publishers use computer software to layout text,
    graphics, and photographs.
  • Journalist carry
  • Notebook computers
  • Digital Cameras
  • Many publishers today make these printed
    materials available on the internet.
  • Copy them to your desktop computer
  • Handheld computer
  • PDA

20
Computer Applications and Society Continued
  • Industry
  • Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
  • The use of computers to assist with manufacturing
    processes such as fabrication and assembly.
    Reason for using CAM in Industries include
  • Reducing product development cost
  • Shorten a products time to market
  • Stay ahead of competition
  • CAM is used by a variety of industries that
    include
  • Oil drilling
  • Automobile Manufacturing
  • Food production
  • Travel
  • Onboard navigation systems are built into many
    cars today.
  • Enable the driver to
  • Get directions
  • Call for help (emergency situations)
  • Track vehicle if stolen
  • The Web allows anyone to prepare for a trip very
    easily.
  • Purchase airline and train tickets online
  • Book hotel rooms

21
The End
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