Property Value

1
Property Value
Jarred McGinnis
Research Scientist Assistant
May 13, 2002
2
Motivation

• In the component library, There exists entities
  and events and relations between the two
• Allows the representation of things that exist
  and occur
• The need to express more more developed and
  richer representations of entities and events

3
Outline

• Property Value Basics
• Appearance in Shaken
• Constraints
• Increase and Decrease
• Open Issues

4
Why Properties are not Entities

• Entities are independent
• Properties are not independent
• Dependent on entities and events
• Entities are derived from nouns
• Properties arise from adjectives and adverbs

5
Inventory

• From node property To node
• Entity age Age-Value
• Entity animacy Animacy-Value
• Tangible-Entity area Area-Value
• Tangible-Entity breakability Breakability-Value
• Tangible-Entity brightness Brightness-Value
• Tangible-Entity capacity Capacity-Value
• Tangible-Entity color Color-Value
• Tangible-Entity consistency Consistency-Value
• Tangible-Entity density Density-Value
• Tangible-Entity depth Depth-Value
• Event direction Direction-Value
• Event distance Distance-Value
• Event duration Duration-Value
• Event frequency Frequency-Value
• Tangible-Entity height Height-Value
• Tangible-Entity integrity Integrity-Value

Tangible-Entity length Length-Value Event
manner Manner-Value Tangible-Entity mass
Mass-Value Chemical-Object pH
PH-Value Chemical-Object polarity
Polarity-Value Event rate
Rate-Value Organism sentience
Sentience-Value Organism sex
Sex-Value Tangible-Entity shape
Shape-Value Tangible-Entity size
Size-Value Tangible-Entity smell
Smell-Value Tangible-Entity taste
Taste-Value Tangible-Entity temperature
Temperature-Value Tangible-Entity texture
Texture-Value Tangible-Entity thickness
Thickness-Value Tangible-Entity volume
Volume-Value Tangible-Entity wetness
Wetness-Value Tangible-Entity width
Width-Value
6
Property-Group Hierarchy

• Property-Group
• Constant
• Age-Constant
• old
• Property-Value
• Age-Value
• Scale
• Age-Scale
• young-old-scale
• Unit of Measurement
• UoM-Area
• square-inch

7
Three Kinds of Properties

• Cardinal
• (pair ltnumbergt ltunit of measurementgt)
• Ex 5o Celsius
• Scalar
• (pair ltconstantgt ltclassgt)
• Ex a truck is wide with respect to cars
• Categorical
• (ltconstantgt)
• Ex red shirt

8
Scales and Scalars

• Cold to Hot scale -
• (seq cold warm hot)
• Freezing to Boiling scale -
• (seq freezing cold warm hot boiling)

9
Representation in KM

• (yourshirt has (instance-of (Object))
• (color ((a Color-Value with
• (value (white))
• ))
• )
• )
• constants go to values, values go to properties

10
Single Value with Multiple Representations

• (mywater has (instance-of (Drink))
• temperature ((a Temperature-Value
• with (value
• ((pair 20 Celsius)
• (pair cold Drink)
• (pair hot Ice)
• ))))))

11
Less than/Greater than/Same as

• (mywater has (instance-of (Drink))
• temperature ((a Temperature-Value
• with (value
• ((pair 20 Celsius)
• (pair cold Drink)
• (pair hot Ice)))
• (less-than
• (the temperature of myhotwater))
• )))

12
Outline

• Property Value Basics
• Appearance in Shaken
• Constraints
• Increase and Decrease
• Open Issues

13
Appearance in Shaken

• Link a concept to a property value via a property
  arc
• Add specific information about the property value
• Encode information comparing two property values

14
Results of adding Values to a Property
15
Comparison of Property Values
16
Outline

• Property Value Basics
• Appearance in Shaken
• Constraints
• Increase and Decrease
• Open Issues

17
Constraints

• Syntax
• the value formats are legal
• Semantic
• the input is meaningful and relevant
• Bounds Checking
• The value is within a user defined range

18
Constraints (Context)

• (Property-Value has
• (min-value (constraint . . .
• (value (constraint . . .
• (max-value (constraint . . .
• )

19
Example

• (mywater has (instance-of (Drink))
• temperature ((a Temperature-Value
• with (value
• ((pair 20 Celsius)
• (pair cold Drink)
• (pair hot Ice)
• ))))))

20
Constraints (Syntax)

• (constraint (
• (if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class
  of
• (the property-slot of
  Self)))
• then (
• (((the1 of TheValue) isa Number)
• and
• (oneof (the cardinal-unit-class of (the
  property-slot of Self))
• where (It covers (the2 of
  TheValue))))
• or
• ((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of
  (the property-slot of Self))
• where (It covers (the1 of
  TheValue)))
• and
• ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
• (the domain of (the
  property-slot of Self)))))
• else (
• (oneof (the categorical-constant-class
  of (the property-slot of Self))
• where (It covers TheValue))))
• ))))

21
Constraints (Syntax)

• (constraint (
• (if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class
  of
• (the property-slot of
  Self)))
• then (
• (((20) isa Number)
• and
• (oneof (the cardinal-unit-class of (the
  property-slot of Self))
• where (It covers (the2 of
  TheValue))))
• or
• ((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of
  (the property-slot of Self))
• where (It covers (the1 of
  TheValue)))
• and
• ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
• (the domain of (the
  property-slot of Self)))))
• else (
• (oneof (the categorical-constant-class
  of (the property-slot of Self))
• where (It covers TheValue))))
• ))))

22
Constraints (Semantic)

• (temperature has (instance-of (Property))
• (superslots ())
• (subslots ())
• (domain (Tangible-Entity))
• (range (Temperature-Value))
• (scale-class (Temperature-Scale))
• (scalar-constant-class (Temperature-Constant))
• (cardinal-unit-class (UoM-Temperature))
• (inverse (temperature-of))
• (fluent-status (Inertial-Fluent))
• (situation-specific (t))
• (cardinality (N-to-N)))

23
Property-Group Hierarchy

• Property-Group
• Constant
• Temperature-Constant
• hot
• Property-Value
• Temperature-Value
• Scale
• Temperature-Scale
• hot-cold-scale
• Unit of Measurement
• UoM-Temperature
• Fahrenheit

24
Constraints (Context)

• (Property-Value has
• (property-slot ((the range-of of
• (the instance-of of Self))))
• (property-of-slot ((the domain-of of
• (the instance-of of Self))))
• (min-value (constraint . . .
• (value (constraint . . .
• (max-value (constraint . . .
• )

25
Example

• (mywater has (instance-of (Drink))
• temperature ((a Temperature-Value
• with (value
• ((pair 20 Celsius)
• (pair cold Drink)
• (pair hot Ice)
• ))))))

26
Constraints (Semantic, Cardinal)

• (constraint (
• (if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class
  of
• (the property-slot of
  Self)))
• then (
• (((the1 of TheValue) isa Number)
• and
• (oneof (the cardinal-unit-class of
  (the property-slot of Self))
• where (It covers (the2 of TheValue))))
• or
• ((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of
  (the property-slot of Self))
• where (It covers (the1 of
  TheValue)))
• and
• ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
• (the domain of (the
  property-slot of Self)))))
• else (
• (oneof (the categorical-constant-class
  of (the property-slot of Self))
• where (It covers TheValue))))
• ))))

27
Constraints (Semantic, Cardinal)

• (constraint (
• (if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class
  of
• (the property-slot of
  Self)))
• then (
• (((the1 of TheValue) isa Number)
• and
• (oneof (the cardinal-unit-class of
  (temperature))
• where (It covers (the2 of TheValue))))
• or
• ((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of
  (the property-slot of Self))
• where (It covers (the1 of
  TheValue)))
• and
• ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
• (the domain of (the
  property-slot of Self)))))
• else (
• (oneof (the categorical-constant-class
  of (the property-slot of Self))
• where (It covers TheValue))))
• ))))

28
Constraints (Semantic, Cardinal)

• (constraint (
• (if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class
  of
• (the property-slot of
  Self)))
• then (
• (((the1 of TheValue) isa Number)
• and
• (oneof (UoM-Temperature)
• where (It covers (Celsius))))
• or
• ((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of
  (the property-slot of Self))
• where (It covers (the1 of
  TheValue)))
• and
• ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
• (the domain of (the
  property-slot of Self)))))
• else (
• (oneof (the categorical-constant-class
  of (the property-slot of Self))
• where (It covers TheValue))))
• ))))

29
Constraints (Semantic, Scalar)

• ((oneof
• (the scalar-constant-class of
• (the property-slot of Self))
• where
• (It covers (the1 of TheValue)))
• and
• ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
• (the domain of (the property-slot of
  Self)))))

• (pair cold Drink) (pair hot Ice)

30
Constraints (Semantic, Scalar)

• ((oneof
• (the scalar-constant-class of
• temperature)
• where
• (It covers (the1 of TheValue)))
• and
• ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
• (the domain of (the property-slot of
  Self)))))

• (pair cold Drink) (pair hot Ice)

31
Constraints (Semantic, Scalar)

• ((oneof
• (Temperature-Constant)
• where
• (It covers cold lthotgt))
• and
• ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
• (the domain of (the property-slot of
  Self)))))

• (pair cold Drink) (pair hot Ice)

32
Constraints (Semantic, Scalar)

• ((oneof
• (the scalar-constant-class of
• (the property-slot of Self))
• where
• (It covers (the1 of TheValue)))
• and
• ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
• (the domain of (the property-slot of Self))
• )))

• (pair cold Drink) (pair hot Ice)

33
Constraints (Semantic, Scalar)

• ((oneof
• (the scalar-constant-class of
• (the property-slot of Self))
• where
• (It covers (the1 of TheValue)))
• and
• (Drink ltIcegt is-subsumed-by
• Tangible-Entity)
• )))

• (pair cold Drink) (pair hot Ice)

34
Example

• (mywater has (instance-of (Drink))
• temperature ((a Temperature-Value
• with (value
• ((pair 20 Celsius)
• (pair cold Drink)
• (pair hot Ice)))
• (min-value
• ((pair 32 Fahrenheit)
• (pair freezing Drink)))
• (max-value
• ((pair 173 Kelvin)
• (pair boiling Drink)))
• ))))

35
Constraints (Bounding)

• Written in Lisp
• Determine whether the bounding value is a
  cardinal, scalar or non-existent
• Returns t if bounds are respected or value does
  not exist
• Returns nil if bounds are compromised

36
Constraints (Bounding, Cardinals)

• Calls Novak conversion program
• Compares the values (the value should be greater
  than the minimum value but less than the maximum
  value
• Temperature values require a special function call

37
Constraints (Bounding, Scalars)

• Find a value with the same reference class
• Find the first instance of a Scale that contains
  the constant from the value and bounding value
• Compare the position of each constant in the
  scale (the value should have a higher position
  than the min-value but a lower position than the
  max-values constant)

38
Outline

• Property Value Basics
• Appearance in Shaken
• Constraints
• Increase and Decrease
• Open Issues

39
Increase/Decrease

• Slots of an Inc/Dec action are an object and a
  property of that object whose value is to be
  Inc/Dec
• New value will be greater-than/Less-than the old
  value
• Unique names for particular Inc/Dec

40
Increase / Decrease
Property (Increase/Decrease) Age
(-/Age) Area(Contract/Expand) Brightness(Dim/Brigh
ten) Length(Shorten/Lengthen) Temperature(Cool/Hea
t) Wetness(Dry/Wet) Width(Narrow/Widen)
(every Heat has-definition (instance-of
(Increase)) (property (temperature)))
41
Increase / Decrease
(mytea has (instance-of (Substance)) (temperatur
e (myteatemperature))) (myteatemperature has
(instance-of (Temperature-Value))
(value ((pair cool Substance))))
42
Increase / Decrease
_Situation2 KMgt (a Increase with (object
(mytea))
(property (temperature))) (COMMENT _Increase3
satisfies definition of Heat,) (COMMENT so
changing _Increase3's classes from (Increase) to
(Heat)) (_Increase3 "a Heat") _Situation2
KMgt (do-and-next (thelast Heat)) (_Situation5) _S
ituation5 KMgt (the greater-than of (the
temperature of mytea)) (myteatemperature)
43
Outline

• Property Value Basics
• Appearance in Shaken
• Constraints
• Increase and Decrease
• Open Issues

44
Open Issues

• Full implementation of Increase and Decrease
• Including integration with Shaken
• User-defined properties, constants, scales and
  actions that involve properties
• Full implementation of bounding
• Back-end support
• Much stronger use of scales
• Relating scales to cardinals
• (ex hot Drink ? Celsius)
• Possibility of a non-inclusive scale
• Discrete scales vs. Non

45
References

• Ken Barker. Shaken Properties and Values.
  http//www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kbarker/working_not
  es/gpd01040201-Properties.html
• Ken Barker. An Inventory of Entity Properties.
  http//www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kbarker/working_not
  es/properties.html
• Guarino, Nicola and Welty, Christopher. 2001
  Identity and Subsumption. LADSEB-CNR Internal
  Report 01/2001