Mumps Virus

1
????? ???????? ???? ????"?
2
????? ????????

• ????
• ????
• ????
• ????
• ????
• ???????? ???
• ????? ????? (?????)
• ????
• ???? ???????
• ?????
• ???? ?????

3
???? Mumps Virus

• ????? ????
• ????? ???????????? (Paramixovirus)
• ?????? ???????
• ??? ?????
• ????? ????? (Spikes)
• ??"? ??-????? ????? ?????

4
???? Mumps Virus

• ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????
• ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????
• ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??
• ?????????? ???? ??????, ?????? ??????? ???????
  ??????? ?????, ???
• ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???
  ?????
• ??????? ???? ??????, ???? ?????? (?????? ????
  ??? ????????) ????? ???? ????
• ????? ???? ?? ?????. ?????? ????? ?????
  ????-????-????

5
???? Mumps Virus
6
????Measles Virus

• ????? ????
• ????? ????????????Paramixovirus
• ?????? ???????
• ??? ?????
• ????? ????? (Spikes)
• ??"? ??-????? ?????
• ????? spagetti-like single-strand RNA

7
????Measles Virus

• ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????
• ????????? ???, ?????, ???? ??????, ????? ?????
  ????
• ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???
  ?????
• ??????? ?- 10 ??????? ????? ????? ??- ????
  ????? ????????. ?- 0.1 ????? ????? ?????? ??????
  ??????? ???? (??????????) . ???????? ???? ??????
  ?????? ??????
• ????? ???? ?? ?????. ?????? ????? ?????
  ????-????-????

8
????Measles Virus
9
???? Rabies Virus
10
RABIES

• Rabies is an infectious disease of animals caused
  by a bullet-shaped, enveloped RNA virus, 180 x 75
  nm. Man is occasionally infected, and once
  infection is established in the CNS, the outcome
  is almost invariably fatal.

11
???? Rabies Virus

• ????? ????
• ????? ????????? Rhabdovirus
• ???? ?? ????
• ?????? ???????
• ?????
• ????? (Spikes)
• ??"? ??-?????

12
???? Rabies Virus

• ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????
• ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??"? ??? ???? ?????
• ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????
• ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? (????? ????? ??
  ??????) ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? (????? ??????
  ???????)

13
Incubation

• After inoculation, the virus enters small nerve
  endings at the site of the bite.
• The virus slowly travels up the nerve to reach
  the CNS where it replicates and then travels down
  nerves to the salivary glands where there is
  further replication.
• The time it takes to do this depends upon the
  length of the nerve - a bite on the foot will
  have a very much longer incubation period than a
  bite on the face.

14
Incubation

• The incubation period may last from two weeks to
  six months.
• Very often the primary wound is healed and
  forgotten by the time of clinical presentation.

15
Clinical Presentation

• A) Furious RabiesWhen the virus reaches the CNS
  the patient presents with headache, fever,
  irritability, restlessness and anxiety.
• This may progress to muscle pains, salivation and
  vomiting.
• After a few days to a week the patient may
  experience a stage of excitement and be wracked
  with painful muscle spasms, triggered sometimes
  by swallowing of saliva or water.

16
Clinical Presentation

• Hence they drool and learn to fear water (
  Hydrophobia).

17
Clinical Presentation

• The patients are also excessively sensitive to
  air blown on the face.
• The stage of excitement lasts only a few days
  before the patient lapses into coma and death.
• Once clinical disease manifests, there is a
  rapid, relentless progression to invariable
  death, despite all treatment.

18
Clinical Presentation

• B) Dumb RabiesStarts in the same way (like
  Furious Rabies), but instead of progressing into
  excitement, the subject retreats steadily and
  quietly downhill, with some paralysis, to death.
• Rabies diagnosis may easily be missed.

19
???? Rabies Virus

• ????????? ????? ??? ???? ??????, ?????????? ??
  ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????, ??? ????
  ?????
• ????? ???? ???
• ????? ????- 3 ?? 4 ??????
• ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????
  ????

20
Parvoviruses

• Parvoviruses are among the smallest, simplest
  eukaryotic viruses and were only discovered in
  the 1960's.
• They are widespread in nature human Parvovirus
  infections were only recognised in the 1980's.
• Essentially, they fall into two groups, defective
  viruses which are dependent on helper virus for
  replication and autonomous, replication-competent
  viruses.
• In all, gt50 parvoviruses have been identified.
• The Family contains 6 genera divided between 2
  subfamilies

21
Dependovirus

• The Dependoviruses were the first to be
  discovered.
• Unlike the other 5 genera, these are
  replication-defective viruses which are entirely
  dependent helper viruses.
• The genus consists of 4 types of adeno-associated
  viruses (AAV1-4) which require Adenoviruses (or
  Herpesviruses) for helper functions to replicate.
  

22
Dependovirus

• The adenovirus genes involved are early
  (regulatory) rather than late (structural), such
  as E1A, but it has recently been shown that
  treatment of cells with U.V, cycloheximide or
  some carcinogens can replace the requirement for
  helper virus.
• Therefore the requirement appears to be for a
  modification of the cellular environment rather
  than a specific virus protein - probably
  affecting transcription of the defective virus
  genome

23
Dependovirus - Morphology

• Particles are icosahedral, 18-26nm diameter
  consist only of protein (50) DNA (50).
• There are 3 capsid proteins, VP1-3.

24
Dependovirus - Genome

• Linear, non-segmented, s/s DNA, 5kb.
• Most of the strands packaged seem to be (-)sense,
  but AAVs package equal amounts of () and (-)
  strands, and all seem to package at least a
  proportion of ()sense strands.
• The ends of the genome have palindromic sequences
  of 115nt which form "hairpins".
• These structures are essential for the initiation
  of genome replication.

25
???????? ??? ?????? ?????Chickenpox (Varicella)
Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

• ????? ????
• ????? ?????????
• (Herpesvirus)
• ?????????
• ?????? ???????
• ?????
• ??"? ??-?????

26
???????? ??? ?????? ?????Chickenpox (Varicella)
Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

• ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????.
• ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????
  ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????.
• ????? ????????, ???????? ???, ?????? ??? ????
  ?????? ??????? ????.

27
???????? ??? ?????? ?????Chickenpox (Varicella)
Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

• ????????? ???????? ???? (????? ????? ????? ???
  ?????) ???????? ????? ????"? ??????? ??????? ???
  ???? ??????.
• ??????? Reyes Syndrome- ????? ???? ????? ??????
  ????.
• ????? ,Acycloric ????? ???? ???????- ???? ????
  ???????.

28
???????? ??? ?????? ?????Chickenpox (Varicella)
Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

• ???? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????
  ????? ?????.
• ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????
  ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????.

29
???????? ??? ?????? ?????Chickenpox (Varicella)
Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

• ?????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????????
  ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????
  ???? ???? ??????.
• ??????? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ????? ?????.
• ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????
  ????????? ???.

30
???????? ??? ?????? ?????Chickenpox (Varicella)
Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
31
Herpes Simplex Viruses (Genus Simplexvirus)

• ????? ????
• ????? ?????????
• (Herpesvirus)
• ???????? ?????
• ?????? ???????
• ?????
• ????? (spikes)
• ??? ??-?????

32
???? ???????-1Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1)

• ???? ????? ???? 1 ???? ?????? ????
• ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????
  ????
• ?- 15 ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???
  ?? ???????? ???
• ????????? ??????/???????? ??????? ???? ???????
  ??????? ???? ?????? ????

33
???? ???????-1Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1)

• ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????
  ?????? ??????
• ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? UV ?? ????,
  ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????????
• ??????? Herpetic Keraitis - ??????? ?? ?????
  ???? ?????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????
  ?? ????? Herpes Encephalitis

34
???? ???????-1Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1)
35
???? ???????-2(Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2

• ???? ????? ???? 2 ???? ?????? ????? ??????
• ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ????
• ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????, ????
  ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???. ?????????
  ?????? ??? ??? ??????
• ????? ????, ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????
  HSV-1

36
???? ???????-2(Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2

• ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????
• ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????, ???? ???,
  ???? ????? ????
• ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??
  ????? Herpes Encephalitis
• ????? ??????
• ????? ?????????, Acyclovir

37
???? ??????? Viral Hepatitis

• ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????
  ????? ????
• ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????"?

38
???? ??????? Viral Hepatitis

• ???? ????? 5 ???? ??????? ??????? ?????
  Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E
• ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???
  EB ????? ?? Cytomegalovirus
• ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????
  ???????

39
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)

• HAV ??? ??? ????? ????? ??"? ??-?????
• HAV ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???
  ???????
• HAV ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????, ?? ???? ?????
  ?? ????, ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???
• HAV ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????, ??????
  ??????
• ??? 50 ???????? ?- HAV ????? ?????, ????? ???
  ?????

40
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)

• ????????? ???? ?????, ?????, ?????, ?????, ???
  ?????????. ??? ??, ???? ????? ??????? ??????
  ??????? ????? ????? ?????
• HAV ???? ???? ????? ??????- ????? ???? ??? ?????
• ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????
  ????????- ???????, ???? ????? ????

41
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

• HBV ??? ??? ????? ????? ??"? ??-?????
• HBV ???? ???"? ??? ???, ?? ????, ???? ???? ?????
  ?? ??? ?????? (??? ??, ???, ???...)

42
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

• HBV ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????
• ????????? ????? ?????, ??? ????, ????? ??????
  ????"? ????? ???? (????? ???? ?? HAV)
• ?- 90 ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????
  ????? ???????. ????? ?????? ???? ?- 1

43
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

• ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? HBV
• ????? HB5Ag
• ????? ????? B ?????? Alpha interferon

44
?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????????
45
?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????????
46
The Human Papilloma Virus
47
HPV ????

• ????? ?-HPV ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????,
  ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????, ??? ????
  ????? ????.
• ???? ???? ?-19, ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??
  ????? ???? ????, ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????,
  ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????.
• ???? 1907, ????? ????? Ciuffo ?? ?? ????? ???
  ????? ????? ?????, ????? ?????? ??? ???, ??? ???
  ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????.

48
??? ????????
49
??? ????????

• ????? ?-HPV ???? ?????? ?-Papovaviridae.
• ????? ?-HPV ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????, ?????
  ?-8000 ??????. ???????? (????? ???), ??????
  ?????? ?????.
• ??? ???? ???? ??????.
• ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????, ?????? ??
  ????,
• ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ????
  ?????.
• ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????????, ?????? ?? ????
  ??? ?? ???? ???. ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????
  ???, ??? ??? ????.
• ????? ?-HPV ???? ????? ???? ???????, ????? ????
  ?????? ???? ?? ???????. ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????
  3-4 ??????.

50

• ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????

????? ?????? ????? E-Early ????? 7 ??-??????
????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????,
???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??
???? ????
?????? ??????, ?????? L-Late, ????? 2 ??-??????
51

• E1- ????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????
  ???? ???????
• (??? ????!)

• E2- ????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????
  ???? ????

• E6- ????? ?? ????? p53- ????? ?????? ?? ?????
  ???? ??
• ?????? ?????

• E7- ???? ?????? ????????????- ????? ?????? ??
  ??? ???
• ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? (p53 ?????,
  ??? ????,
• ?? ????? ?????????????)

52

• L1- ??? ????? ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ????
  ???????,
• ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????????

• L2- ??? ????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ???? ????

53
????? 1. ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???
???? ????. ??????, ????? E1 ???? ?????
?????? ?????? E1.
2. ?.?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???
(?????????? ?? ?????). ?.?? ???? ???? ????
?????? ???????.
3. ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??
?????? ?????? L1. (????? ??????). ????? ?? ????
?-90 ??? ????? ??????, ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????.
54
????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????
????
????? 1,2,4,26 ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????,
????? ???????. ????? 1,2,4,63 ?????? ?????? ?????
???????. ????? 6,11,30,42 ?????? ?????? ?????
????.
????? ??? ????? 16,18,31,45 ?????? ????? ?????
????. ????? 6,11 ?????? ????? ??? ??????. ?????
6,11,16 ?????? ????? ????? ????.
???? ???? ????? ????? ?? HPV ??????? ??????
???, ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????.
55
???? ?????

• ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????, ???????
  ?????? ????? ????, ??? ?????? ?????? ????
  ????-?????.
• ?????, ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????, ???? ??????
  ????? ??????. ????? ???? ???? ???, ?? ??? ??? ???
  ???? ?? ???? ?????. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????
  ???????.

56
????????? ?????

• ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????
  ????? ????, ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????
  ????? ????? ???.
• ???? ?????????? ?????????????, ????? ??? ?????
  ?? ????? ?????? ????.

57
?????

• ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????, ????? ????
  ????? ??????. ?????. ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????
  ??????, ????? ??????? ?????, ????? ????? ?????,
  ????? ????????. ?????, ??? ???? ??????? ??????
  ????? ???? ??? ??.

58
?????

• ????
• ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??-?????
  ?? ??????.

59
????

• ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????
  ?????? HPV ????? ????????. ?????? ????-????
  ????? ????.
• ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????
  ????, ???? ???? 30 ???, ???? ????? ???? ????
  ????? ????? ???? (Pap Smear), ???????? ????? ????
  ?-50.
• ?????? ??, ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????,
  ?????? ??????????. ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????
  ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????
  ?????? ???? (???????).

60
????

• ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?-90 ?????? ?????
  ????-??????? ??????? ?? ???????, ???? ???????
  ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????.

61
(No Transcript)