World History Chapter 12

1
World History Chapter 12

• The Byzantine Empire and Russia (Slavs)

2
Section 1 The Byzantine Empire

• Describe how Justinian extended his power in the
  Byzantine Empire.
• Explain the key elements of the Byzantine Empire.
• Describe how the Byzantine empire collapsed
• Understand the heritage of the Byzantine empire.

3
Background of Byzantine Empire

• German invaders pounded the Roman empire in the
  west, emperors shifted their base to the East.
• The Emperor Constantine rebuilt the Greek city of
  Byzantium and gave it the name Constantinople.
• In 330 Constantine made Constantinople the new
  capital of the Eastern Roman Empire
• In time, the Eastern Roman Empire became known as
  the Byzantine Empire.

4
(No Transcript)
5
Constantinople

• Capital City of New Roman Empire of Byzantine
  Empire
• Linked trade routes of Europe and Asia
• Busiest marketplace.
• Blended Greek, Roman, and Christian influences.
• Lasted 1000 years after fall of Western Roman
  Empire.

6
Spread of Christianity

• By 300AD, Christians formed religious communities
  called monasteries.
• Monks men devoted to the Church.
• Nuns women devoted to the Church.
• Monasteries and Convents helped the poor, ran
  hospitals, and schools.
• missionaries people sent to convert people to
  Christianity.

7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
The Age of Justinian 99

• Ruler of Byzantine Empire 527-565
• Conquered N. Africa, Italy and S. Spain lands
  conquered were temporary
• Built a large elaborate church called Hagia
  Sophia (Holy Wisdom) influential architecture.

11
Hagia Sophia
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
Justinians Code

• Best remembered for his reform of the law.
• Code of Laws Justinians Code Corpus Juris
  Civilis
• By 1100s his code reached W. Europe. Influenced
  both Roman Catholic and Monarchs.
• Wife Theodora advisor to Justinian
• Autocrat sole ruler with complete authority.
• Ruled at the height of Byzantine power.

16
Justinian 99
17
(No Transcript)
18
Disagreement in the Christian Church

• Eastern Empire rejected pope, clergy could
  marry, Greek was major language, Easter was holy
  day.
• Western Empire pope had authority, clergy could
  not marry, Latin was major language, Christmas
  was holy day.

19
Two Churches Created

• The major dispute was over the use of icons or
  holy images
• In 726 A.D. Pope Leo III ordered all icons
  removed from churches. (last straw)
• This creates a Schism split, between the East
  and West.
• Created two major Christian churches
• Roman Catholic (west)
• Eastern Orthodox (east)

20
Crisis and Collapse

• For the next thousand years the Turks (Islam),
  began to take over parts of the Byzantine Empire.
• Crusades failed to stop the takeover by Islam.
• Constantinople falls
• 1453 Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople.
• The ancient Christian city was renamed Istanbul
  and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire
  (Muslim)

21
(No Transcript)
22
The Byzantine Heritage

• The Arts
• Influenced Western Europe in Religious Art and
  Architecture.
• Icons and Mosaics
• The World of Learning
• Preserved classic works of Ancient Greece
• Preserved Greek and Roman Culture and took
  findings to Universities.
• Contributed to Renaissance

23
Section 2 The Rise of Russia

• Describe how the geography of Russia helped the
  growth of Kiev.
• Explain how the Mongols conquest affected
  Russia.
• Describe how Moscow emerged as the chief power in
  Russia.

24
Geography of Russia

• Large plains
• Three broad zones
• Northern forests
• Fertile south land
• Southern steppe
• Steppe open, treeless grassland
• Network of rivers provided easy transportation

25
(No Transcript)
26
Growth of Kiev

• During Roman Times, the Slavs expanded into
  Southern Russia.
• They organized into clans with a simple political
  system.
• Vikings began trading with Slavs in Russia.
• City of Kiev.
• In time Kiev would become the center of the first
  Russian Government.

27
The Vikings came to be the most feared raiders of
their time
28
Byzantine Influences

• Byzantine Christianity, art, music, and
  architecture spread throughout Russia
• Byzantine Christians sent missionaries to convert
  Russian slavs.
• Vladimir was Russian prince of Kiev that
  converted Russians to Eastern Orthodox Church.
  (Christians)

29
Kiev Church Compare to Hagia Sophia
30
Yaroslav the wise and the decline of Kiev

• Yaroslav ruled Russia during its golden age from
  1019-1054.
• Created Kievs first law code and library
• Kiev declined in 1100 as rival families battled
  for the throne.
• As Russian princes fought among themselves,
  Mongol armies from central Asia struck the final
  blow.

31
Yaroslav
32
The Mongols

• The Mongols defeated most of Russia by 1300.
• They killed thousands and sought to tax the
  people they conquered, rather than impose their
  culture.
• Slavs could still practice Christianity, but had
  to serve the Mongol ruler and in the Mongol army.
• The main reason the Mongols conquered so much
  territory is because of one man.Genghis Kahn.

33
Genghis Khan 29

• In the early 1200s, a young leader united the
  nomadic Mongols of Central Asia.
• As his mounted bowmen overran lands from China to
  Eastern Europe, he took the title Genghis Khan or
  World Emperor
• Between 1236 and 1241, Batu, the grandson of
  Genghis, led Mongol armies into Russia known as
  the Golden Horde.

34
The Golden Horde

• Mongol Armies were called the Golden Horde for
  the color of their tents.
• Genghis Kahn founded the Mongol Empire across
  much of Asia and Europe
• Created the largest land empire.
• They looted and burned Kiev and other Russian
  towns.
• Although Mongols were fierce fighters they were
  tolerant rulers as long as taxes were paid

35
Growth of Russia, 1330-1584
36
Genghis Kahn
37
(No Transcript)
38
Mongol Influences

• Even though the Mongols were Islam they tolerated
  the Orthodox Church which grew strong during this
  period.
• Mongols looked down upon women.
• Husbands could sell their wives.
• The absolute power of Mongols served as a model
  for later Russian rulers.
• Mongol rule cut Russia off from W. Europe, which
  made many advances in arts and sciences.

39
Moscow becomes Capital

• After the fall of Kiev, the city life began to
  decline in the south.
• Moscow became the capital of Russia after the
  fall of Kiev.
• Became the political and spiritual center of
  Russia
• Eventually Princes of Moscow rallied other
  leaders to defeat the Golden Horde at the battle
  of Kulikovo (1380) Slavs steadily began to
  drive out Mongols.
• Finally during the reign of Ivan III the Mongol
  rule had come to an end.

40
Moscow
41
Ivan the Great (III)

• Much of the success of Moscow is b/c of Ivan III.
• He brought many Slavic provinces under his
  control.
• Absolute rule - limited power of boyars
  landowning nobles
• Ivan the Great took the title czar Russian word
  for Caesar.
• He married princess Sophia, (Byzantine princess)
• Ivan the Great helped to blend Byzantine and
  Russian Culture

42
Ivan the Great
43
Ivan the Great Square - Moscow
44
(No Transcript)
45
Ivan the Terrible (IV) 5 Evil Book

• Grandson of Ivan the Great.
• Known for cruelty toward animals and humans.
• 1560 became unstable fits of violence.
• Created oprichniki agents who enforced czars
  will. dressed in black they killed nobles and
  sacked towns where people were disloyal to Ivan
  IV
• After his death in 1584, Russia was full of
  rebellion and chaos

46
Ivan the Terrible
47
Section 3 Shaping Eastern Europe
48
Geography of E. Europe

• Area between Germany and Russia
• Most were plains
• Rivers ran north to Baltic or South to Black Sea
• South identified with Byzantine and later Muslims
  of Turkey.
• North identified with W. Europe.

49
Diverse Mix of Peoples

• The Balkans
• Slavic people.
• Ethnic group large group of people who share
  the same language and cultural heritage.
• Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Islam all were
  spread throughout Balkans
• Jewish Settlements
• W. Europe persecuted Jews who fled east and
  settled
• E. Europe tolerated Jews (would cause problems
  later)

50
Jewish Migrations
51
Early Kingdoms

• Poland
• Roman Catholic
• Weak central government, strong nobles, met in a
  diet or assembly
• Hungary
• Roman Catholic
• Golden Bull of 1222 document limiting royal
  power
• Mongols killed ½ population, then left, Turks
  took over.
• Serbia
• Orthodox and modeled culture of Byzantine.
• Battle of Kosovo in 1389, Turks ended independence