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Title: MPW 1153 Week 9: Islam and Sikhism Strengths Comprehensive


1
MPW 1153
  • Week 9 Islam and Sikhism

2
Introduction
  • Islam
  • Sikhism

3
Islam
  • Rise up and read

4
1. Islam and Human Development
  • Life begins at inception
  • 120 days after fertilization God will send an
    angel to place a roh in the embryo
  • The roh (spirit) will determine the babys
  • Livelihood
  • Deeds in life
  • Death
  • Suffering or happiness
  • Human beings originate from Adam

5
1. Islam and Human Development (cont)
  • After death, the roh of a person lives on until
    Judgment Day
  • Priority is placed on the developmt of behavior,
    individuality, character and rship w God
  • Obj and direction of human growth education,
    character training and in building a harmonius
    rship w God
  • Final obj for a virtuous Muslim is to goto Heaven
  • The human body and roh have separate needs
    food, shelter moral achievements
  • Three factors that influence human development
  • Natural factor determined by Character
  • Environment
  • Human ability

6
2. Human Beings from an Islamic Perspective
  • Man does not emerge from a material process but
    is made by Allah and possesses two elements (roh
    and body). Man is a spiritual and physical
    creatures
  • Man is created to serve Allah and be faithful
    towards Him
  • Entrusted w the duties of a Calph to administer
    the world according to the law of Allah
  • Man is subject to two opposing tendencies- one
    which leans towards the angel and the other to
    the devil.
  • Because man possesses freewill, his fate is in
    his hands

7
3. Man as a Caliph
  • Man is more noble than all other creatures,
    including angels
  • Man is representative of Allah in upholding truth
    and peace and eliminating disobedience and
    distractions to achieve al-falah
  • As a caliph, man should display his natural
    attributes within him, thru knowing and believing
    in Allah
  • This faith in Allah will be ingrained in man,
    making him truly a caliph and subsequently
    developing values of truth, goodness, beauty, and
    justice in all his actions.

8
4. Islamic Holy Books
  • The Koran
  • Contains messages revealed by Allah to Prophet
    Muhammad in the Arabic language by Angel Gabriel
  • The Prophet memorized each verse
  • Revelation was a gradual process which lasted 23
    years
  • The Hadis (Hadith)
  • Record of words, actions, behavior, and character
    of the Prophet
  • Important elements

9
5. Aspects of Islamic Teaching
  • Encompasses
  • Aqidah (Faith)
  • Allahs power is absolute
  • Man must believe and worship Allah
  • Ibadah (devotion)
  • Limited to those practicing the 5 pillars
  • Wider view than just 5 pillars, including society
  • Any action that reflects the feeling of
    self-submission and obedience to and worship of
    Allah
  • Akhlak (morals)
  • A persons faith, confidence, trust
  • Actions that are customary, does not require much
    thought

10
5. Aspects of Islamic Teaching
11
6. The Concept of Ibadah (Devotion)
  • Encompasses understanding of the ONENESS or UNITY
    of Allah (Tauhid)
  • Originated from aqidah (Faith)
  • Which believes in
  • Allah
  • Qadak and Qadar (Taqdeer)
  • Holy Books
  • The Prophets
  • The Hereafter
  • Angels

12
6. The Concept of Ibadah (Devotion) (cont)
13
7. Islamic Moral Values (akhlak)
  • Only the Koran must be yardstick to gauge Islamic
    moral values (only source)
  • Mission of the Prophet is to guide mankind
    towards laudable moral values
  • And thou (standest) on an exalted standard of
    character. Surah al-Qalam 684
  • Belief in qada and qadar, sin and merit (pahala),
    rewards and punishment in the hereafter.
  • The kind of behavior recommended is faithful,
    God-fearing, virtuous, sincere, patient,
    trustworthy, holy, just, helpful, forgiving,
    generous.

14
8. Examples of Islamic Morals
15
9. Important Terms in Islamic Behavior
16
Strengths
  • Comprehensive system of Law that covers all
    aspects of life (jurisprudence). A way of life
    not merely a set of beliefs
  • Encourages worship of ONE GOD
  • Combines intellectual and spiritual aspects of
    humanity
  • Encourages learning and scholarship

17
Weaknesses
  • Does not tolerate criticism/dissent
  • The Prophet married a girl under 16
  • Yet held as a supreme moral example
  • Mohammad said do not teach women writing, teach
    them spinning and the sura al-nur.
    Discrimination against women
  • Set of laws to obey, not well known for its mercy
    (only justice)

18
Sikhism
19
Background to the Sikh Religion
  • Founded by Guru Nanak I (1469-1539)
  • Succeeded by a group of 10 Teachers
  • Teachings put together in a Holy Book called
  • Guru Granth Sahib Ji
  • There is only one God who is absolute
  • Life in this world has no beginning and no end
    (Hinduism), no limit or boundary, cannot be
    analysed by ordinary human thoughts
  • Formation was influenced by Islam and Hinduism,
    practiced in Northern India

20
Basic Teachings
  • Sikh Teachers stressed that all mankind are Gods
    creation and ought to be faithful to their
    respective ways of life
  • A child at birth is not yet a Khalsa, even though
    parents are Sikhs, only after understanding rules
    and regulations
  • And receives sugar water (Amrit)
  • Understand and conform to the laws of the Sikh
    religion

21
Laws of the Sikh Religion
  • There is only one Almighty God. There are ten
    Teachers, from Guru Nanak to Gobind Singh
  • Always read or listen to the words of Guru Granth
    Sahib Ji to perform religious service
  • Abolish feelings about castes, stop worshipping
    idols and other practices opposed to Sikhism
  • Respect all creatures without questioning
    religion, race or a persons skin colour
  • Train to control yourself and promise to wear the
    FIVE SYMBOLS of the Sikhs which all bear the
    letter K

22
The Five Ks
  • Kesh (uncut hair)
  • Kanggha (comb)
  • Kashehra (white shorts)
  • Kirpan (Sword/dagger)
  • Kara (Steel bangle won on the waist)
  • Once a person has practised the discipline of the
    Khalsa community he should apply to receive the
    Amrit from the Five Religious Members (Panj Piare)

23
The Ten Teachers
  • Guru Nanak 1 (Nanak Dev)
  • Was sent to the mosque to learn abt Islam
  • Later learnt abt Hinduism
  • Felt dissatisfied w the followers of these
    religions because they did not practise what they
    ought to
  • Claimed the ppl professed the respective
    religions physically, but spiritually they
    deviated from the teachings
  • Became a wanderer and befriended a Muslim named
    Mardana. Befriended a Hindu called Bala.
    Concluded that all religions are good it was
    only followers who did not conform
  • Based teaching on LOVE if you want God to love
    you, you must first love one another. To be near
    God, Guru Nanak taught followers to recite or
    sing praises to God so that they gradually learnt
    to be humble
  • Did not encourage the people to embrace his
    religion

24
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25
The Ten Teachers (cont)
  • Whether a person is good or bad is not caused by
    factors like race, religion, skin colour or body
    size, but by what that person does.
  • Guru Nanak was a man of gentle disposition.
  • Taught that laziness and begging for alms were
    degrading ways of life
  • During the time of the tenth Teacher Guru Gobind
    Singh, Khalsa Community came into being

26
Sikh Identity
  • Sikh means learner or follower in Punjabi

27
Important Matters in Sikh Religion
  • The God that is worshipped
  • Name Wahiguru (God the Amazing)
  • Opposed worship of idols
  • Anti animism
  • Only our hearts need to be made special for
    religion.
  • No to predetermined fate, but believes in karma
    and reincarnation
  • Simran (constantly remembering Gods name-
    Wahiguru) and good behaviour can a person leave
    the cycle of reincarnation
  • Spend much time reading and singing the words of
    the Guru Granth Sahib Ji and reciting the name of
    Wahiguru to cleanse their thoughts and hearts

28
Important Matters (cont)
  • 2. Status of the Teacher in Sikhism
  • Their Teacher guides guide them along the right
    path
  • After their deaths, the Holy Book and the Khalsa
    community took over
  • The ten Sikh teachers are not regarded as
    descended from God
  • The Holy Book is not worshipped, Sikhs only
    worship God
  • Their priests are not given high status in the
    religion or community, but only respected for
    their knowledge
  • Task of making decisions relating to their
    religion or community is delegated to a
    five-member Khalsa committee called Panj Piare.

29
  • 3. The Holy Book
  • Contains all sayings of the first five Teachers,
    the ninth as well as some Islamic and Hindu
    scholars
  • Placed on a table in the Gurdwara. When
    approaching the Holy Book, a person must show
    respect by prostrating on the floor.

30
  • 4. Gurdwara- House of worship
  • The word means teachers archway. Holy Book is
    kept here
  • A centre of Sikh religion and community
  • Always open to the public without regard to rank
    or religious affiliation
  • Anyone wishing to enter the Gurdwara must take
    off their shoes and cover their head

31
  • 5. Sikh religious festivals
  • Most important Vasakhi Day (13 April each year)
  • Commemorates establishment of the Khalsa
    community by Guru Gobind Singh Ji in 1699
  • Birthday of Guru Nanak, Katak Puranmashi day is
    also celebrated

32
  • 6. Society
  • Society has a special status and there is no
    place for the CASTE SYSTEM
  • All members of the Sikh community are advised to
    follow all societal rules and regulations

33
  • 7. Peaceful and Aggressive Ways
  • Places more importance on peaceful than on
    aggressive ways
  • Sikhs are also taught to be brave
  • When all means have been attempted, it is valid
    to seek the truth with the sword. Guru Nanak 10.
    a Sikh is required to be prepared to defend his
    religion and his homeland

34
Teaching of Sikhism based on the Holy Book
  • In the real world, thinking of human beings is
    always narrow and limited (houmai or egoistic)
  • Morally, man should open up his mind so that he
    can adapt himself to conditions around him This
    will make him think more widely and wisely
  • And then can act more JUSTLY and MODERATELY
    (sachiara)
  • It is important and moral for an individual to
    distance himself from houmai and try to acquire
    sachiara

35
How to attain Sachiara
  • Dharam Khand be prepared to bring change and
    progress to oneself through sacrifice and social
    duties
  • Gian khand Look for knowledge by equipping
    oneself with wisdom
  • Saram khand Look for harmony and tranquility in
    oneself, appreciate the beauty of nature, and of
    self
  • Karam khand Become altruistic, ie. Improve
    yourself internally, reject houmai and move
    towards sachiara level which ignores
    self-importance, but always fulfils social and
    moral obligations
  • Sach khand Strive to attain the highest level-
    unite wisdom and self-virtue (karkar), value
    consciousness (vekhe) and internal happiness
    (nihala) in oneself

36
  • These areas help an individual abandon houmai for
    sachiara
  • Training in these aspects aims at building
    individuals who are well-balanced spiritually,
    physically and emotionally
  • Reject five negative aspects
  • Kam Desire
  • Lobh Greed or covetousness
  • Moh Believe in or worship something that is
    false
  • Krodh Anger
  • Ahankar Arrogance, conceit

37
Strengths
  • Worship of the ONE GOD
  • Against discrimination of Caste System
  • Does not overvalue role of the Priest/Teacher
  • Emphasis on identity and community
  • Attempt at addressing the Human Condition in the
    pursuit of Sachiara but through human effort

38
Weaknesses
  • Those who do not go through amrit are excluded
    from the Khalsa community and its benefits?
  • Why is there still the possibility of violence in
    the religion?
  • The way to Sachiara is dependant on the self. Can
    mankind really save itself?
  • Not well received by some cultures (have to grow
    beard gt.lt)

39
Conclusion
  • Islam is a religion of justice and seeks to
    incorporate religious teachings into all aspects
    of life. But certain actions of its leader are
    questionable
  • Sikhism celebrates the book and the community,
    but is closely linked with a race, therefore can
    only provide an alternative to the quest to
    resolve the Human Condition
  • Justice in its extreme form (deontological
    ethics) can be too rigid and uncompromising.
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