Title: New Smart Technologies for rural water supply WASH 2007
1New Smart Technologies for rural water
supplyWASH 2007
2Smart Water Solutions for
- Drilling
- Pumping
- Storage, Ground water recharge
- Irrigation
- Treatment
3Connect International, PRACTICA
- Capacity building, hands on training
- Awareness of good practises
-
- Rural areas
- 80 of MDG target group lives there.
(worldbank)
4Cost-Benefit of improvements in water and
sanitation (WHO)
- 5 - 28 for 1 dollar invested
- (avoided cost of treated case of diarrhoea,
transport medicines, time lost)
5Statement To reach MDG 1
- A mayor reason for defect water rural water
systems is the wrong technology choice
6Why hand pumps fail
- To complex
- Not affordable
- AT models failed
- Stone-age image
- Not efficient
- No marketing
- No involvement of private sector
7Lesson learned
- For sustainability
- Repairability more important than quality
(simple, affordable, available) - Adapt technology to people (not the other way
around) - Involve private sector
-
8New developments
9Rota-sludge
- Based on hand-sludge method
- Millions of wells in Asia
-
- For sand, compact clay, wethered rock
- 70 cheaper than machine drilling. Safer,
deeper than hand digging
10Baptist , Emas
- Clay, sandstone, wethered rock
- Till 90 m deep
- Cost US 2- 6 per meter (incl drilling, casing
and PVC pump) - 20.000 wells drilled in Latin-America
11(No Transcript)
12Stone Hammer
13Pumping
14Treadle Pump
- Suction pump. Irrigation
- 1.5 million in use
- Cost US 15-80
- Generates income US 100- 400 /year
15PVC PumpsBaptist /EMAS
- Pressure pump, domestic use
- 1-50 meters deep
- 20.000 installed in Bolivia
- Cost US 10-50
16Rope pumps
- Rotating movement. Domestic and communal wells
- 0-35m ( 60 m with 2 handles)
- 2 million users
- Cost US 20-120
17A Model (handdug wells, Ah)
18A model
19P Model (Mounted on Poles)
20(No Transcript)
21P Model
- 3 inch casing
- Domestic use and irrigation
22P model Hand dug well
23(No Transcript)
24The Nicaragua case
- 60.000 installed
- 70 cheaper than piston pumps
- National standard for hand pumps
- Shift from piston pumps to rope pumps doubled
water supply in 10 years (Africa 3, Asia 9 ) - Sustainable for communal wells,
90, stay working. - Affordable as a family pump (Generates
220 /Year)
25The Zimbabwe case
- 600.000 users
- Expanding to
5 million users - Zimbabwe will
- reach water MDG
26The Ghana Case
- Worldbank project
- 80 defect after 1 year
- errors
27Powered by Hand
28Pedal, Horse
29Electric motor, gasoline engine
30Wind
31(No Transcript)
32Irrigation
33Fuel efficient gasoline pumpsChinese 1.5 Hp
- Cost US 100
-
- 50 more efficient than 5 Hp pumps
34Improved Diesel Pumps
- Technical adaptations, results
- Fuel reduction of 50
- Weight reduction of 50
- 5000 sold annually, India
- Challenge Replace six million old pumps in India
35Drip irrigation
36Pepsi Drip
37Drum Kit, Bucket Kit
- 70 of
- systems
- fail
- 1000-2000
- /ha
38Nica drip
39Micro tube
- Hd PE
- lay flat hose
- (easy drip)
- 200 - 400
- /Ha
40Storage
41Brick cement tank
- 1 bag of
- cement /m3
- 1 50 M3
-
42Plastic lined tanks
- 5-10 m3
- 40 60 /tk
- www.ide.com
43Ground water recharge
- Vertiver grass
- Contours
- Tube recharge
44Tube Recharge
- Make a hole
- (ej with step auger)
45- Pass compact layer
- Install pipe with
- filter and cap
46TreatmentWHO network HWTS Household Water
Treatment and Safe storage
47POU options (WHO)
-Chlorinating-SODIS-Boiling-Biosand
filters-Flocculants-Ceramic filters
48Chlorinating
49SODIS (Solar Desinfection)
- Six hours of sun inactivates harmful bacteria
50PUR Flocculant / desinfectant
51CSC
Ceramic Filters
Nepal
Swiss - Katadyn
India
52Filter elements
53Advantages of ceramic filtration
Advantages of ceramic filtration
- High efficacy in reducing microbial pathogens
- Removes turbidity
- Low cost
- Easy to use and maintain
- Storage of treated water
- No chemicals
- Can be combined with Carbon, other ( heavy
metals, pesticides, arsenic) - Fit for local production. (Profit based
sustainability)
54(No Transcript)
55Siphon Filter
56CSP model (Ceramic Silver impregnated Pot shaped)
Filtron
57How it works
- Element of clay and sawdust, after firing
becomes porous. - Impregnated with colloidal silver, 0.07/
filter) - Removes turbidity (lt5 NTU)
- Small pores retain bacteria.
- Silver inactivates bacteria up to 99.99
- Capacity 1-3 litres / hour (20 ltr/day)
-
58ProductionManual Press to produce filter
elements
59Performance
- Efficacy
- Complies with WHO norms for bacteria and
turbidity (lt 5 NTU) - Remains effective for 2-3 years
- Tested by
- MIT Massachusetts Univ. of Colorado
- Cambridge University, IDE Cambodia,..
- Cost
- 8 -14 US of factory
- 1 cent / family/ day (US 3/yr)
- Profit-based sustainability
- Over 200.000 produced by private sector
Nicaragua, Guatemala, Cambodia, Ghana, Used by
CARE, Red Cross, UNICEF
60Cost comparison
Based on daily household usage of
25L. Assumptions 1. Katadyn system 8.75 per
candle, plus 7.50 for vessels and valves.
50,000L capacity per candle per manufacturer.
Replace entire system after years. 2. Stefani
system 3.75 per candle, plus 7.50 for vessels
and valves. 5,000L capacity per candle per
manufacturer. Replace candles each year. Replace
vessels and valve after 3 years. 3. CSP filter
costs from Nicaragua, assuming replacement of
filter between 2-3 years 4. Costs from Kenya at
full cost recovery (16 bottles per household,
replaced every 6 months). 5. PUR Sachet
Manufacturers suggested retail price of 0.10
per unit. Assumes no further expenditure for
mixing and storing vessels. 6. CDC System 5.00
for special vessel, plus 3.00 for chemical
disinfectant (information per M. Sobsey, Managing
Water in the Home Accelerating Health Gains from
Improved Water Supply. Geneva World Health
Organization).
61(No Transcript)
62Testing
- Hach test
- E coli
- 1 US/test
- www.hach.com
63Cost - benefits for user
- A 10 waterfilter, 10-50 / year
- A 60 rope pump yields 220/Year
- A family well doubles income
64Cost - benefits for donor
65Obstacles
- Lack of awareness of new options
- (80 of stakeholders do not know new options)
- Simple is not easy
66 Challenge Reach MDG 7 and 1
- Both Rope pump production and Ceramic filters
started with relief aid - Local workshops were trained to produce and went
on after aid stopped - Aid as a trigger
67Options
- Improve Quality
- POU options
-
- Increase Quantity
- Upgrade handdug wells
- Increase boreholes, manual technology
- Replace broken piston pumps by rope pumps
- Reduce Poverty
- Irrigation, Focus on self suplly
-
68POU
- SODIS
- CSP filter,
- Siphon filter
69Upgrading hand dug wells50 100 /well
70Replace broken piston pumps
71by rope pumps
72Reduce Poverty, irrigation.
- Pump cover
- 120 US
- Paid in
- 6 months
73 For sustainability build local
capacity!
Aquatis , Practica , PfP, Arrakis