NDIA EWD 2-13-07

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Expeditionary Operations in the 21st Century
Jim Strock Director, Seabasing Integration
Division Capabilities Development
Directorate Marine Corps Combat Development
Command Quantico, Virginia 22134 703-784-6094 jame
s.strock_at_usmc.mil
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B.L.U.F.

• We are in a Long War with an adaptive enemy
• We are continuously evolving with changing
  character of war
• Meeting guidance from QDRshifting focus to both
  IW and maintaining conventional competencies
• Learning from ongoing operations
• Anticipating who, where and how we will fight in
  the future
• Future naval capabilities will provide CoComs
  with flexible capabilities via innovative
  concepts
• Exploiting operational maneuver from global
  commons
• Phase 0 Contributing to maritime security and
  cooperation
• Phases 3 and 4 Decisive Ops and SASO
• Industry input vital to bring these capabilities
  to fruition ASAP and at reasonable costs

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Understanding the Future

• How to keep our Naval forces relevant and able to
• Threaten an asymmetrical enemy
• While maintaining dominance for the conventional
  fight
• Phase 0 requirements
• CONPLAN GWOT demands
• Naval emphasis in area denial and anti access
  environments
• Temporal nature of the battlespace
• World-wide deployment support structure is on the
  decline
• Forward Staging Bases 38 to 12
• Strat Airlift declining fleet numbers 160 fewer
  than 1989 projected down to 250 by 2010
• Flexible, adaptable, self-sufficient, DO capable,
  seabased forces a must

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Strategic Guidance

• Naval forces need to establish steady state
  capability Active Partnering and Tailored
  Shaping
• Must contribute to Long War transnational/
  regional deterrence
• Build Partner Capacity
• Deter or Prevail in Conventional Campaigns

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CMC Planning Guidance

• Working closely with our Navy and Coast Guard
  partners, we will advance the amphibious and
  expeditionary capabilities the Combatant
  Commanders rely upon to meet their emerging
  challenges.
• CMC Planning Guidance

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Traditional Naval EthosWell Tailored for
Non-Traditional Missions

• Naval in character
• Packaged command, ground combat, aviation, CSS
  capabilities in any size (not just ARG/MEUs)
• Commander designation is mission dependent
• Joint, Coalition, Interagency friendly in
  composition
• Comfortable and adaptable on non-traditional
  platforms
• Motherships can lighten the maneuver element
• Add or subtract specialists based on the
  mission
• Aviation and Combat Service Support lily-pad as
  far forward as required on all ships/crafts afloat

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Adjusting Our Aim

• Rebalanced
• Capabilities
• Irregular Traditional
• Phase 0
• Naval emphasis
• Temporal nature
• Requires self-sufficiency early on

Irregular
Catastrophic
Disruptive
Traditional
our national strategy calls for more widely
dispersed forces to provide increased forward
presence, security cooperation, and global
response to crises The Naval Operations
Concept, 2006
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The Naval Security EnvironmentAcross the Entire
Range of National Security Strategy

• 21 Forcible Entry Operations
• 10 Noncombatant Evacuation Operations
• 6 Amphibious Assaults
• 3 Amphibious Raids
• 2 Peace Operations

Arc of Instability
Islamic Caliphate
76 Amphibious Operations in 23 Years
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Crises and Conflicts
Sunni Insurgency
Micro-nationalist Insurgencies
Shia Insurgency
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Contributors To Crises
Crises Are Certain
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.
Recent Examples
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Naval Response Patterns
(By platform type and by decade)
Source CNA Study, US Naval Response to
Situations 1970-2000, Dec. 2000
Number of Responses
If anything, this demand signal for versatile,
expeditionary response has been extended even
greater since 2001
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Increasing Forward PresenceWell Beyond Todays
ESGs and MEUs
SPMAGTF
ESG Distributed Ops
SPMAGTF
ESG Distributed Ops
SPMAGTF
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What Do We Need to Do?GWOT Operational Tasks

• Conduct Expeditionary Ops
• Conduct NEO
• Conduct Information Ops
• Conduct ISR
• Conduct Maritime Interdiction
• Conduct Maritime Security Ops
• Conduct Strike/Power Projection
• Conduct Special Ops
• Conduct Command And Control
• Maintain SLOCs
• Provide Consequence Management
• Provide Force Protection
• Provide Log/CSS/Facilities Maint

• Provide Operational Air and Missile Defense
• Conduct Civil Affairs
• Provide Law Enforcement and prisoner handling
• Provide staging for joint and combined forces
• Conduct coalition, interagency and NGO
  coordination and support
• Provide Humanitarian Aid
• Conduct Maritime Domain Awareness
• Share intelligence information
• Provide support for Homeland Security
• Support Proliferation Security Initiative

21st Century UNITAS
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The Anti-Access Challenge OIF I Turkey Access
Not Granted, Even with 26B Offer
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Enhancing Phase 0-1 CapabilitiesVia Expanded
Naval Missions
Global Fleet Station Distributed Globally
Networked Adaptive force packaging Aggregate,
disaggregate re-aggregate Culturally aware Task
focused Build partner capacity Cross Fleet
Standardization

• Sized, shaped, and globally
• postured for
• Forward Naval Presence
• Security Cooperation
• Counterinsurgency (COIN)
• Counterterrorism
• Civil-Military Operations
• Counter-proliferation
• Maritime Security Operations
• Crisis Response
• Deterrence
• Sea Control
• Air and Missile Defense
• Expeditionary Power Projection

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Enhancing Phase 0-2 CapabilitiesVia Distributed
Ops Capable SPMAGTFs
Employed from platforms like LCS, riverine craft,
destroyers
Counter- proliferation
Forward Presence
Deterrence
Counter- terrorism
ESG/MEU(SOC)
Air Missile Defense
COIN
Security Cooperation at Sea
Security Cooperation
Maritime Security
Civil Military Operations
Crisis Response
While supported by Amphib motherships
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Enhancing Phase 2-3 CapabilitiesBy
Re-aggregating Naval Forces
Power Projection
Sea Control
Forward Postured
CONUS Based
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Marine Corps Amphib MPF(F)Shipbuilding
Requirements

• Shipbuilding Requirements
• Amphibious Warfare Ships
• 2.0 MEB AE per Strategic Planning Guidance 15
  Ao Ships per MEB AE
• Total 30 operationally available ships
• 10 LHD/LHA(R)
• 10 LPD-17
• 10 LSD-41/49 (or equivalent replacement)
• Average availability is 85 (for planning
  purposes)
• Minimum 11/11/11 ships to meet 30 Ao requirement
• Maritime Prepositioning Force (Future)
• One squadron (per May 2005 Acting SecNav/CNO/CMC
  decision)
• Legacy Maritime Prepositioning Squadrons
• Retain two squadrons to maintain afloat
  prepositioned war reserve capacity

• Capabilities
• Amphibious Warfare Ships
• Inherent survivability, self-defense, and Navy
  crewing
• Maritime forcible entry operations
• Forward presence, deterrence
• Maritime Prepositioning Force (Future) (MPF(F))
• Capable of at-sea arrival and assembly of forces
• Selective offload of equipment sets to meet
  Seabasing mission requirements
• Supports forward engagement and forcible entry
• MPF(F) by design is not assault echelon shipping
  therefore, MPF(F) forces are not forcible entry
  capable

MPF(F) Squadron Composition
Notional 15-Ship ATF Five LHD-1 (Wasp
Class) Five LPD-17 (San Antonio Class) Five
LSD-41 (Whidbey Island Class)
2 LHA(R)
3 MLP
1 LHD
3 T-AKE
3 T-AKR
2 Legacy T-AK
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Marine Corps JHSVShipbuilding Requirements

• JHSV Quantity and Basing
• 8 JHSVs funded (5 Army, 3 Navy)
• Quantity funded does not equal quantity required
  
• Acquisition objective TBD by MS B (Mar 08)
• PACOM, AoA, MCCDC studies suggest 16 JHSVs
  needed across DOD
• 7 JHSV equivalents meet USMC requirements
• Based on MARFOR TSCP, GWOT, intra-theater lift
  requirements
• Requirement quantified in vessel days per year
  v. specific of JHSVs
• Assumes 180 days operational availability (Ao)
  per year per JHSV
• Does not explore overlap between USN, USMC
  requirements
• Notional basing scheme (JHSVs swing between
  theaters as needed)
• PACOM 3 (Hawaii, Guam, Okinawa)
• CENTCOM 2 (Bahrain)
• EUCOM 1 (Rota)
• CONUS 1 (Norfolk)

• JHSV Capabilities Characteristics
• Shallow draft (lt 15), high speed (gt 35 kts
  loaded)
• Ability to enter small, austere/degraded ports
  unassisted
• Self-deploying between theaters
• 600-700 ST payload, 1200 NM range, 35 kts, Sea
  State 3
• Smaller payloads greater range, larger
  payloads less range
• Seating for 312 Marines (Co (rein)) berthing for
  104 Marines
• 20-22,000 sqft mission deck/cargo bay (M1A2, MTVR
  compatible)
• Slewing ramp (astern to 40 degrees forward)
• Level I, Class 2 flight deck for H-60s, H-46s,
  UH-/AH-1 helicopters
• Fuel only, no services
• 20 ST crane for TEU movement, small boat launch
  recovery
• Net Ready C4 system (plug and play)
• JHSV is not a combatant, operates in a permissive
  environment
• MSC standard for ATFP capabilities

USMC JHSV CONOPS (The Intra-Theater Connector)
Possible JHSV Candidates
Seabasing Support
FIE
Austal 126
INCAT 112
Sea Base
TSL - 140
Self-deploy
Adv Base
NSE
Austal 105
MDV-300
MPF
ESG
HA/DR
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Seabasing Research and Development
High Capacity UNREP
Selective Offload
Skin-to-Skin Transfer

Stabilized Cranes
Joint Modular Intermodal Container (JMIC)
Automated Cargo Handling
Mobile Landing Platform Interface
At-Sea Arrival, Assembly, Employment, Sustainment
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Other Research and Development Opportunities

• Cultural Awareness and Tactical Language Training
• Responsive Naval and Joint Fires suitable for
  Restricted ROE
• C4ISR Interoperability and Intel Fusion Support
  Technology
• Key Equipment Characteristics
• Weight
• Mobility
• Armor
• Power

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Conclusions

• Evolving security environment expands challenges
  we face
• Blurring character of war generates premium for
  agile forces with adaptive ethos
• Security context calls for greater maritime
  cooperation and interoperability
• International and interagency

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Questions?