Tyler Junior College Physics 1405 Elementary Physics

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Tyler Junior CollegePhysics 1405Elementary
Physics

• Section Cero
• SCIENTIFIC LITERACY

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Important Concepts

• Measurements Units
• Your Need for Scientific Literacy
• Science Pseudoscience
• Scientific Reasoning
• A Brief History of Western Science

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• PHYSICS

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Physics . . .

• is the science of nature in the broadest sense.
• is the science of simple things.
• studies matter, energy, the fundamental forces
  of nature.
• deals with descriptions of the physical universe
• can be divided into many fields mechanics,
  electromagnetics, atomic, nuclear, astrophysics,
  quantum, particle, geo, etc.

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• MEASUREMENTS

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What You Need To Bring

• Pencils
• Three 882-E Scantrons
• 1 pkg 815-E Scantrons
• Scientific Calculator
• Centimeter ruler
• Protractor
• Pickup your clicker return at end of class

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Measuring Stuff

• Measurements are a hallmark of good science.
• How much you know about something is often
  related to how well you can measure it.
• If we cant quantify it, categorize, or in some
  way classify it, then a value cannot be placed on
  it.

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Measurements

• Measurements include a number and a unit. Ex 2
  cm, 14 weeks, 10 gallons.
• Measurements require an agreed upon standard to
  be defined. Ex meter, yard, day, gallon,
  kilogram, degree

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Unit Conversion

• Conversion of units is an important part of
  working with physical quantities.
• Convert 27 inches to meters
• Convert 70 mi/hr to ft/s
• Convert 1 yd3 to m3

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Fundamental Quantities

• Fundamental quantities Ex mass, length, time,
  charge, luminosity
• Non-fundamental quantities Ex area, volume,
  force, density, acceleration
• How to tell the differencethe units of
  non-fundamental quantities are composed of units
  of fundamental quantities

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Units Are Often Mixed

• Density mass / volume
• Units of density in mks
• kg/m3
• Velocity distance / time
• Units of velocity in cgs
• cm/s

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International System of Units (SI)

• mks meter, kilogram, second
• cgs centimeter, gram, second
• Prefixes
• deci 1/10 10-1
• centi 1/100 10-2 (cm)
• milli 1/1000 10-3 (mm)
• micro 1/1000000 10-6 (?m)
• Many, many others in text (Know These)

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Reading Your Text Measuring Stuff

• Notice the progression of thought
• Eratosthenes measures Earths diameter
• Aristarchus measures Moons diameter
• Measurement of Earth-Moon distance
• Measurement of Earth-Sun distance
• Measurement of Suns diameter
• Also notice no special tools required
• You could have done this!

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• YOUR NEED FOR SCIENTIFIC LITERACY

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Scientific literacy

• is knowledge and understanding of the scientific
  concepts and processes required for personal
  decision making, participation in civic and
  cultural affairs, and economic productivity
• (National Academy of Sciences, 1995).

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Closing the Gaps

• The reasoning behind CTG.
• High tech jobs have high pay.
• High tech jobs require strong understanding of
  scientific principles.
• Therefore, if you want high pay, you need to
  possess scientific understanding

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• Education
• equals
• More

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Test Your Scientific Literacy

• Now lets take a scientific literacy test.
• Keep your score.

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• Answer each question with 'true' if what the
  sentence most normally means is typically true
  and 'false' if it is typically false.
• 1. Scientists usually expect an experiment to
  turn out a certain way.
• 2. Science only produces tentative conclusions
  that can change.
• 3. Science has one uniform way of conducting
  research called the scientific method.
• 4. Scientific theories are explanations and not
  facts.
• 5. When being scientific one must have faith only
  in what is justified by empirical evidence.
• 6. Science is just about the facts, not human
  interpretations of them.
• 7. To be scientific one must conduct experiments.
  
• 8. Scientific theories only change when new
  information becomes available.
• 9. Scientists manipulate their experiments to
  produce particular results.
• 10. Science proves facts true in a way that is
  definitive and final.
• 11. An experiment can prove a theory true.
• 12. Science is partly based on beliefs,
  assumptions, and the nonobservable.
• 13. Imagination and creativity are used in all
  stages of scientific investigations.

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• 14. Scientific theories are just ideas about how
  something works.
• 15. A scientific law is a theory that has been
  extensively and thoroughly confirmed.
• 16. Scientists education, background, opinions,
  disciplinary focus, and basic guiding assumptions
  and philosophies influence their perception and
  interpretation of the available data.
• 17. A scientific law will not change because it
  has been proven true.
• 18. An accepted scientific theory is a hypothesis
  that has been confirmed by considerable evidence
  and has endured all attempts to disprove it.
• 19. A scientific law describes relationships
  among observable phenomena but does not explain
  them.
• 20. Science relies on deduction (x entails y)
  more than induction (x implies y).
• 21. Scientists invent explanations, models or
  theoretical entities.
• 22. Scientists construct theories to guide
  further research.
• 23. Scientists accept the existence of
  theoretical entities that have never been
  directly observed.
• 24. Scientific laws are absolute or certain.

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25.

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