UN Special Agencies

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Irfan Arshad Sargodha University Pakistan
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SPECIALISED AGENCIES OF UNITED NATION
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INTRODUCTION
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AIM
TO FAMILIARIZE YOU WITH THE SPECIAL AGENCIES OF
UN
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International Labour Organization (I.L.O)

• General

• Established in 1919 as an autonomous partner of
  the League of Nation
• Head Office in Geneva
• Brought into relationship with UN in 1946 vide
  special agreement approved by General Assembly on
  14th Dec 1946

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International Labour Organization (I.L.O)

• Main Tasks

• Rise the standards of the workers
• Prevent unemployment
• Provide social security
• Improve working conditions
• Economics aid to employees and employers
• Inspections to protect industrial and field
  workers
• Special attention to problem of women and
  children
• Technical assistance to member states
• Fabrication of labour laws and regulations

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International Labour Organization (I.L.O)

• Composition - General Conference

• Each member State gets representation
• Each member State has 4xrepresentatives
• Provide social security
• Each representative has 1 x vote
• Decision are in the form of conventions and
  recommendations
• Approval needs 2/3 majority
• Special attention to problem of women and
  children
• Approves the annual budget
• Fabrication of labour laws and regulations

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International Labour Organization (I.L.O)

• Composition - Governing Body

• Comprise of 56 members
• 28 are representatives of State Governments
• 14 each are representatives of employees and
  workers
• The terms of office are 3 years
• Elects a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman for 1 year
  
• Appoints the Director-General and supervises the
  functions

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International Labour Organization (I.L.O)

• Composition - International Labour Office

• Headed by Director-General
• Head Office in Geneva
• 14 each are representatives of employees and
  workers
• Act as information centre
• Research, study and publishing

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World Health Organization (WHO)

• General

• For its establishment economic and social
  council called an International Health Conference
  in New York in July 1946
• 46 states Representations attended
• 26 UN members ratified its constitution on 7
  April 1948
• Adopted the constitution 22nd July 1948
• Brought into relationship with the UN on July
  1948
• Membership opens to all status even territories /
  entities as are not states

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World Health Organization (WHO)

• Main Objective

• Education concerning prevailing health problem
  proper food supply and nutrition
• Safe water and sanitation, maternal and child
  health including family planning
• Immunization against major infection diseases
• Prevention and control of local diseases
• Appropriate treatment of common diseases and
  injuries
• Provision of essential drugs

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World Health Organization (WHO)

• Composition - Assembly

• Comprises all members
• Yearly Session
• Each member has one vote
• Each state entitles to have 3 x representatives
• Lay down the general policy and passes the budget
  
• Appoints director General for Secretariat
• Elects executive board

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World Health Organization (WHO)

• Composition - Executive Board

• Technical and non political organ
• 24 x Members with high technical education in
  health field
• Each member has one vote
• Elected by assembly for 3 x years
• Hold session twice a year
• Implements assembly decision

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World Health Organization (WHO)

• Composition - Secretariat

• Chief is Director General Elected by Assembly

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World Health Organization (WHO)

• Functions

• Prevent spread of diseases
• Tries to cure the disease once it has spread
• Provide training to personal
• Imparting necessary education

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United Nations Educational, Scientific Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)

• General

• Conference for its establishment held at London
  in November 1945
• Established on 14 November 1646
• Brought into relationship with UN on 14th
  December 1946
• Membership open to all UN members
• Other countries can also because members of
  UNESCO with 2-3rd majority of General Conference

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United Nations Educational, Scientific Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)

• Objective

• The rule of law
• Human rights
• Fundament freedoms through education, science and
  culture

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United Nations Educational, Scientific Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)

• Composition - General Conference

• All members get representation
• Each member can send 5 x delegates but possess
  only 1 x vote
• Session held twice a year
• Policy making organ
• Adopting a convention need 2-3rd majority
• Simple majority for adopting recommendations
• Elects the members of Executive Board
• Appoints Director General for Secretariat

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United Nations Educational, Scientific Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)

• Composition - Executive Board

• 51 members
• Elected for 3 x years
• Board meets at least twice a year
• Implements the decision of General Conference

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United Nations Educational, Scientific Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)

• Composition - Secretariat

• Director General is the Chief
• Elected by General Conference on the nomination
  of the Executive Board
• Perform duties for 6 x years

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United Nations Educational, Scientific Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)

• Function

• Promote education among children as well as
  adults
• Provide advice and expert assistance on education
  and cultural issues
• Brining about improvement in the teaching of
  basic science at various level
• Help members in the presentation and protection
  of their culture

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United Nations Educational, Scientific Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)

• Function

• Promote education among children as well as
  adults
• Provide advice and expert assistance on education
  and cultural issues
• Brining about improvement in the teaching of
  basic science at various level
• Help members in the presentation and protection
  of their culture

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Food Agricultural Organization (FAO)

• General

• Established on 16 October 1945
• Brought into relationship with UN in December
  1946

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Food Agricultural Organization (FAO)

• Objective. To find out means for developing
  and maintaining an adequate food supply by
  encouraging use of modern tools and method,
  conserving existing food supplies, searching new
  sources

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Food Agricultural Organization (FAO)

• Composition - Conference

• Representative body
• Lay down general policy
• Elect Director General

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Food Agricultural Organization (FAO)

• Composition - Council

• 27 Member Elected by conference
• Elects its president

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Food Agricultural Organization (FAO)

• Functions

• Collect, analyses, interprets and disseminates
  information relating to nutrition, food and
  agriculture
• To supply food staff in cane of food shortage
  under international emergency food council
• Provide technical assistance to improve food
  quality
• Help controlling various animal and plant
  diseases
• Help countries in increasing food production
• Seek to check diseases among children resulting
  from malnutrition

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International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

• General

• 1st November to 7 December 1944 and international
  Civil Aviation conference held in Chicago
• Decision taken to established the Agency
• Established on 4th April 1947

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International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

• Objectives

• Ensure the safe and orderly growth of
  international Civil Aviation
• Encourage the Design and Operations of aircrafts
  for peaceful purpose
• Support development of airway, airport and
  navigation facilities
• Meet the need of safe, regular, efficient and
  economical air transport

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International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

• Composition - Assembly

• Representation body for all members
• Each member has 1 x vote
• Meets, once in 3 Years
• Decides the policy of Agency
• Approves the budget
• Elects Council

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International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

• Composition - Council

• 33 x Members
• Elect its president and appoint the secretary
  General
• Administers the finance of Agency

• Tasks

• Creates standards for international air
  navigation and safety
• Collect, examine and published information on air
  navigation-on
• Conduct investigation and act as tribunal for the
  settlement of disputes

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International Bank for Reconstruction Development
(IBRD)

• General

• Established on 27 Dec 1946
• Brought into relationship with UN on 15 Nov 1947
  
• Membership open to all who were members of IMF
  before 31st Dec 1945

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International Bank for Reconstruction Development
(IBRD)

• Objective

• Assist the members in construction and
  development by investing capital
• Encourage the balance development of
  international trade
• Raise the level of productivity

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International Bank for Reconstruction Development
(IBRD)

• Composition - Board of Governors

• A Governor and an alternate member from all
  members state
• 5 x Years term
• Session once in a Year
• Board delegates its power to Executive Directors
  

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International Bank for Reconstruction Development
(IBRD)

• Composition - Executive Direction

• 22 x in members
• Elected by Board of Governors
• Elect Chairman every Year

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International Bank for Reconstruction Development
(IBRD)

• Composition - President

• Chief Executive
• Elected by Board of Governors

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International Monitory Fund (IBRD)

• General

• Decision to establish taken in Brittan Woods
  Conference - July 1944
• Setup in Dec 1948

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International Monitory Fund (IBRD)

• Aims

• Promoting internal monitory cooperation through
  permanent institution which provides the
  machinery for consultation and collaboration on
  international monitory problems
• Facilitate the expansion and balance growth of
  international trade and to promote high levels of
  employment and real income
• Promote exchange stability and maintain orderly
  exchange arrangement among members

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International Monitory Fund (IBRD)

• Aims

• Assist in establishment of multilateral system of
  payment in respect of current transaction between
  members and eliminate the foreign exchange
  restriction which hampers the growth of world
  trade
• To provide funds to members with a view to
  correct maladjustment in the balance of payments
  without resorting to destructive measures to
  national or international system

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International Monitory Fund (IBRD)

• Composition - Board of Governors

• Highest Authority
• Representation of all members
• Meets once in a year

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International Monitory Fund (IBRD)

• Composition - Executive Director

• 22 x Executive Directors
• Responsible for general functioning

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International Monitory Fund (IBRD)

• Composition - Managing Director

• Elected by Executive Directors

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International Monitory Fund (IBRD)

• Function

• Harmonization of the national economic interests
  of members
• Provision of financial assistance
• Promotion of economic growth
• High employment

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International Development Association (IDA)

• General

• An affiliate of IBRD
• Provision of financial assistance
• Established on 24 September 1960
• Membership opens to all members of IBRD
• IBRD is responsible for the administration
• Provide loans to poor countries
• Loans are interest free only 3 is charge as
  services charges
• Loans get mature after 50 years and yet there is
  grace period of 10 years

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International Development Association (IDA)

• Objective

• To promote economic development, increase
  productivity those raise the living standards of
  people of less developed countries

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International Finance Corporation (ICF)

• General

• An affiliate of World Bank
• Established in July 1956
• Brought into relation with UN on 20 February 1957
  
• Associated with World Bank but a separate legal
  entity

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International Finance Corporation (ICF)

• Objective

• Assist in financing private enterprise
• Bring together investment opportunities, domestic
  and foreign capital and experienced management
• Stimulate the flow of capital

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International Finance Corporation (ICF)

• Composition

• Board of Governors
• Board of Directors
• Chairman

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Universal Postal Union

• General

• Establishment in 1875
• Brought into relationship with UN 1947
• Membership open to all - require 2-3rd majority

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Universal Postal Union

• Objective. To encourage international cooperation
  among the different postal services and to ensure
  regular postal services in the world

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Universal Postal Union

• Composition - Congress

• General body - meet once in 5 years
• All members enjoy single vote
• Elects Executive council of 40 x members

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Universal Postal Union

• Composition - Executive Council/Committee

• Run the affairs of organization
• Office situated in Berue

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International Tele-Communication Union (ITU)

• General

• International Telegraph Union was made in 1865
• Established through a convention held in 1947
• Stated functioning 1st January 1949

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International Tele-Communication Union (ITU)

• Aims

• Achieve cooperation for development and proper
  use of all type of international
  telecommunication
• Ensure technical facility to enhance efficiency
  and utility
• Harmonise activities of members

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International Tele-Communication Union (ITU)

• Composition - The Plenipotentiary Conference

• Supreme organ
• Meet offer 5 Years
• Lay down basic policy
• Convenes administrative conference to consider
  specific telecommunication matter both at world
  and regional level
• Elects administrative council of 43 members

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International Tele-Communication Union (ITU)

• Administrative Conference
• Administrative Council
• Secretarial

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World Meteorological Organization

• General

• International meteorological organization (IMO)
  started operating in 1951
• WMO is successor of IMO

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World Meteorological Organization

• Objectives

• Establishment of network of stations and centres
  to provide meteorological, hydrological
  observation and services
• Establishment and maintenance of system for the
  rapid exchange of meteorological information
• Standardization of meteorological and related
  observation and their uniform publication
• Application of meteorology to aviation, shipping,
  water problems, agriculture and other activities
• Encourage research and training in meteorology
  and coordination

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International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

• General

• General Assembly of UN passed a resolution to
  call a conference on peaceful use of Atomic
  Energy in Dec 1954
• Conference was held in Geneva in Aug 1955
• 81 states representatives considered the draft of
  the Agency on 20 Sep 1956
• Unanimously adopted for the Agency on 23 Oct 1956
  
• Came into force 29 Jul 1957

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International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

• Aims

• Seek to accelerate and enlarge the contribution
  of Atomic Energy to health and prosperity through
  out the world
• Assistance to control use of its military purpose

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Inter Governmental Maritime Consultative
Organization (IMCO)

• Came into being on March 1958

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International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

• Functions

• Provide machinery for cooperation among
  regulation and practice concerning safety at sea
• Removal of discrimination and unnecessary
  restriction by Governments
• Consider matters concerning shipping that might
  be referred to it
• Exchange of information among Governments

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CONCLUSION