Global Compacts: Building a Better World for All

1
Global Compacts Building a Better World for All

• Vinay Bhargava
• Global Issues Seminar Series
• June 22, 2006

2
Global Compacts Build on Successes and Challenges
of Last Decades

• Successes
• Agricultural productivity-
• Science and technological progress
• Elimination of certain diseases (smallpox, river
  blindness)
• Increase in literacy rates in developing
  countries
• Advances in Education
• Rise in incomes per capita
• China, Hungary, India, Ireland, the Republic of
  Korea, Singapore, and Thailand
• Boom in international trade
• End of Colonialism
• Spread of Democracy, free media, and civil
  liberties

3
Global Compacts Build on Successes and Challenges
of Last Decades

• Challenges
• Out of 6 billion people, 1 billion have 80 of
  the worlds income-other 5 billion have the
  remaining 20 .
• Nearly half this world lives on under 2 per day.
  
• One billion people have no access to clean water.
• Over 100 million children never get the chance to
  go to school.
• More than 40 million people in the developing
  countries are HIV positive.
• The average US or Canadian citizen uses 9 times
  more energy than the average person in China.
• Forest are being cut down relentlessly.
• Oceans are warming and fish stock is being
  depleted.
• More than 2 billion people will be added to the
  planet's population most of them born into
  poverty.

4
Global Compacts for the 21st Century

• The Millennium Declaration- UN Millennium Summit,
  New York, (September 6-8, 2000)
• The Doha Declaration on Trade- Fourth Ministerial
  Conference of the WTO, Doha, Qatar, (November
  9-14, 2001)
• The Monterrey Declaration on Financing for
  Development- International Conference on
  Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico,
  (March 18-22, 2002)
• The Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable
  Development- World Summit on Sustainable
  Development, Johannesburg, (August 26September
  4, 2002)

5
What is Inside the Global Compacts ?

• Shared values, principles, objectives
• Recognition that a better world for all requires
  global partnerships
• Respective actions that developing and developed
  countries are committed to take
• Monitorable targets and progress review
  mechanisms
• Partnerships

6
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

• GOAL 1 ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER
• TARGET 1 Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the
  proportion of people whose income is less than 1
  a day
• TARGET 2 Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the
  proportion of people who suffer from hunger
• GOAL 2 ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION
• TARGET 3 Ensure that by 2015, children
  everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to
  complete a full course of primary schooling
• GOAL 3 PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN
• TARGET 4 Eliminate gender disparity in primary
  and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and
  at all levels of education no later than 2015
• GOAL 4 REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY
• TARGET 5 Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and
  2015, the under-five mortality rate

7
MDGs Continued

• GOAL 5 IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH
• TARGET 6 Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990
  and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio
• GOAL 6 COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA, AND OTHER
  DISEASES
• TARGET 7 Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse
  the spread of HIV/AIDS
• TARGET 8 Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse
  the incidence of malaria and other major diseases
• GOAL 7 ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
• TARGET 9 Integrate the principles of sustainable
  development into country policies and programs
  and reverse the loss of environmental resources
• TARGET 10 Halve by 2015 the proportion of people
  without sustainable access to safe drinking water
  and basic sanitation
• TARGET 11 Have achieved a significant improvement
  by 2020 in the lives of at least 100 million slum
  dwellers
• GOAL 8 DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR
  DEVELOPMENT

8
Doha Declaration on Trade

• Calls for the establishment of a market-oriented
  and fair trading system through
• fundamental reform in agriculture trade
• market access for non-agricultural products
• IPR regime supportive of public health
  objectives
• Recognizes explicitly the special needs of
  developing countries
• enhanced market access
• balanced rules
• strengthening special and differential treatment
  provisions
• difficulties in implementing Uruguay Round
  commitments
• capacity building in support of negotiations
• technical assistance through the Integrated
  Framework

9
Monterrey Consensus on Development Financing

• Signaled Importance of Quantity and Quality of
  Aid
• Prompted the pledging of additional ODA of
  18.5bn per year to be fully phased in by 2006
• Stressed need to create an enabling domestic
  environment to mobilize domestic resources
• Called for more effective ODA (harmonization,
  untying, poverty focus, result orientation, PRSP
  ownership)
• Recognized urgent need to strengthen
  inter-institutional collaboration
• Interactions between ECOSOC and Bank/IMF Boards
  on follow up
• UN, BWI and WTO to address issues of coherence,
  coordination and cooperation

10
World Summit On Sustainable Development

• Acknowledged that enhanced efforts in Water,
  Energy, Health, Agriculture and Biodiversity
  (WEHAB) would be needed
• Recognized the special needs of Africa
• Recognized that existing production and
  consumption patterns could not be continued
• Called for companies to strengthen their
  Corporate Social Responsibility
• Led to the announcement of 280 partnership
  proposals 50 proposals for World Bank
  involvement

11
Significance of the Global Agenda

• Historic Common Ground
• International community has set clear and
  measurable international development goals-MDG,
  Monterrey,WSSD
• Agreement that additional financing from donors
  will be needed for helping achieve these goals.
  This reverses the decline in real terms for ODA
  over the last 20 years.
• Mutual obligations of the developed and
  developing countries have been spelled out in the
  declarations.
• Civil society, youth and other non-state actors
  have been more closely integrated into global
  decision making- new multilateralism.
• But not everyone is thrilled

12
How are the global compacts doing 5 years later?

• The 2005 U.N. World Summit
• Global Monitoring Reports 2005 and 2006
• Civil Society Initiatives

13
The Consequences of Failure to Achieve Set Goals

• The cost of not meeting MDGs, in terms of lives
  lost and opportunities forgone, would be far
  greater then cost of meeting them.
• Without faster progress, the MDGs will be
  seriously jeopardizedespecially Sub-Saharan
  Africa.
• Only in Ghana and Madagascar are poverty rates
  meeting MDG poverty targets.

14
For more information please visit

• U.N. Millennium Summit webpage www.un.org/millenni
  um/index.html
• WTO page on ministerial conferences
  www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/minist_e.htm
  
• World Bank page on global monitoring
  www.worldbank.org/globalmonitoring
• International Conference on Financing for
  Development www.un.org/esa/ffd
• World Summit on Sustainable Development
  www.johannesburgsummit.org
• U.N. World Summit 2005- www.un.org/summit2005/inde
  x.html
• Global Call for Action Against Poverty-
  www.whiteband.org
• G-8 Gleneagles Summit- www.g8.gov.uk