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World History Chapter 5Absolute Monarchs in Europe

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Title: World History Chapter 5Absolute Monarchs in Europe


1
World HistoryChapter 5Absolute Monarchs in
Europe
  • Section 1Spains Empire and European Absolutism

2
A Powerful Spanish Empire
  • Philip IIs Empire
  • Philip II
  • Inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the
    American Colonies from Charles V
  • He was a very hard worker but very suspicious of
    other people so he worked alone
  • He was aggressive for the sake of his empire
  • Took over the Portuguese Empire (Portugal, parts
    of Africa, India, and the East Indies.
  • The mines in America allowed Philip to keep a
    standing army of 50,000 soldiers

3
A Powerful Spanish Empire
  • Defender of Catholicism
  • It was Philips duty to defend Catholicism
    against the Muslim of the Ottoman Empire and the
    Protestants of Europe.
  • 1571- the Pope called on all Catholic princes to
    take up arms against the mounting power of the
    Ottoman Empire
  • More than 200 Spanish ships defeated a large
    Ottoman fleet
  • 1588launched the Spanish Armada against the
    Protestant English ruler Elizabeth I.
  • The fleet was defeated by the English Navy
  • The loss really hurt Spains power, but do to it
    wealth they could still appear powerful.

4
Golden Age of Spanish Art and Literature
  • El Greco and Velazquez
  • El Greco
  • His techniques showed his deep Catholic faith of
    Spain.
  • Painted saints and martyrs as huge, long-limbed
    figures that have supernatural air.
  • Diego Velazquez
  • Reflected the pride of the Spanish monarchy.
  • Don Quixote
  • Called the birth of the modern European novel
  • The book was written by Miguel de Cervantes
  • Wrote about a poor Spanish nobleman who went a
    little crazy after reading too many books about
    heroic knights.
  • Critics believe Cervantes was mocking chivalry

5
The Spanish Empire Weakens
  • Inflation and Taxes
  • Decline in the value of money and increase in the
    prices of goods
  • 2 Main Reasons
  • Spains population was increasing, so the need
    for goods also increase, this allowed the
    merchants to raise the prices.
  • Silver bullion flooded the market so the value
    dropped. People needed more and more silver to
    purchase goods.
  • Spain expelled Moors and Jews from Spain and with
    that they lost artisans and businessmen

6
The Spanish Empire Weakens
  • Making Spains Enemies Rich
  • The Spanish clothes makers made clothes the old
    fashion way to it was more expensive.
  • Spanish citizens go elsewhere to find cheaper
    goods
  • England, France, and the Netherlands became the
    choices
  • The Dutch Revolt
  • Philip had a standing army in the Netherlands to
    keep the citizens loyal to Spain.
  • Spain was CatholicNetherlands had several forms
    of religion like Calvinism
  • Spain had a sluggish economy and the Dutch
    prospered
  • Philip taxed the Dutch and tried to convert them
    to Catholicism
  • Dutch revolted and fought for 11 years when they
    declared their independence from Spain

7
The Independent Dutch Prosper
  • Dutch Art
  • Rembrandt van Rijn
  • Painted portraits of wealthy middle-class
    merchants
  • Jan Vermeer
  • Painted domestic, indoor settings for his
    portraits
  • Dutch Trading Empire
  • Largest trading fleet in the world
  • Dutch East India Company
  • Dominated the Asian spice trade and the Indian
    Ocean trade

8
Absolutism in Europe
  • The Theory of Absolutism
  • Absolute Monarchs
  • Kings or Queens that had absolute power within
    their borders. Their goal was to control every
    aspect of society
  • Divine Right
  • The idea that God created the monarchy and that
    the monarch acted as Gods representative on
    earth.
  • They only answered to god not the people

9
Growing power of Europes monarch
  • When Europe emerged from the middle ages the
    monarchs power grew
  • The decline in feudalism and the rise of cities,
    a growing middle class.
  • Decline in the churches power also allowed the
    monarchs to gain more power

10
Crises Lead to Absolutism
  • Religious and territorial conflicts between
    states led to almost continuous warfare.
  • Governments were forced to create large Armies
    and levy even heavier taxes
  • These changes led to peasant revolts
  • To stop revolts the monarchs imposed order by
    increasing their own power.

11
World HistoryChapter 5Absolute Monarchs in
Europe
  • Section 2Reign of Louis XIV

12
Religious Wars and Power Struggles
  • 1572St. Bartholomews Day Massacre in Paris
    sparked a 6 week nationwide slaughter of
    Huguenots.
  • Henry of Navarre
  • He became Henry IV
  • 1st king of the Bourbon dynasty in France
  • He was decisive, fearless in battle, and a clever
    politician
  • Many Catholics opposed Henry because he was a
    Huguenot
  • For the countries sake Henry gave up
    Protestantism and became a Catholic.
  • Edict of Nantes
  • Henry declared that the Huguenots could live in
    peace in France and set up their own houses of
    worship in some cities.
  • Henry spent his reign restoring the monarchy to a
    powerful position by maintaining peace

13
Religious Wars and Power Struggles
  • Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu
  • After Henry IV died Louis XIII took over the
    throne
  • Louis was a weak king but appointed a strong
    minister who made up for his weaknesses
  • Cardinal Richelieu
  • Basically became ruler of France
  • He took 2 steps to increase the power of the
    Bourbon monarchy
  • He moved against the Huguenots(he believed that
    Protestantism often served as an excuse for
    political conspiracies against the Catholic King)
  • He did not take away the Huguenots right to
    worship
  • He sought to weaken the nobles power

14
Writers Turn Towards Skepticism
  • Skepticism
  • The idea that nothing can ever be known for
    certain.
  • Montaigne and Descartes
  • Michel de Montaigne
  • Thought deeply about lifes meaning
  • Developed a new form of literature, the essaya
    brief work that expresses a persons thoughts and
    opinions
  • Rene Descartes
  • Examined the skeptical argument that one could
    never be certain of anything
  • Created a philosophy that influenced modern
    thinkers and helped to develop the scientific
    method

15
Louis XIV Comes to Power
  • Louis XIV
  • The most powerful ruler in French history
  • Louis, the Boy King
  • Cardinal Mazarin
  • Ended the 30 years war
  • He increased taxes and strengthened the central
    government, which led to noble rebellions and
    they failed for 3 reasons
  • Its leaders distrusted one another even more than
    they distrusted Mazarin
  • The government used violent repression
  • Peasants and townspeople grew weary of disorder
    and fighting

16
Louis XIV Comes to Power
  • Louis Weakens the Nobles Authority
  • Cardinal Mazarin died and 22 year old Louis took
    over
  • He weakened the power of the nobles by excluding
    them from his councils
  • He increased the power of the government agents
    called Intendants
  • Collected taxes and administered justice

17
Louis XIV Comes to Power
  • Economic Growth
  • Jean Baptiste Colbert
  • Believed in the idea of Mercantilism
  • Wanted France to become self-sufficient and
    produce all products they need.
  • To expand manufacturing in France they gave
    government funds and tax benefits to French
    Companies
  • Also placed high tariffs on imported goods
  • Colbert died
  • Louis announced a policy slowed Frances economic
    progress
  • Canceled the Edict of Nantes

18
The Sun Kings Grand Style
  • Louis spent a fortune to surround himself with
    luxury.
  • Each meal was a feast
  • Louis Controls the Nobility
  • Outside Louis canopy bed stood 100 of the most
    privileged nobles at court
  • Waiting to help the great king dress
  • Only 4 would be allowed to assist him
  • Outside in the hallway lesser nobles waited in
    the palace halls and hoped Louis would notice
    them
  • Having nobles at the palace increased royal
    authority in 2 ways
  • It made the nobility totally dependent on Louis
  • Took them from their homes, thereby giving more
    power to the intendants

19
The Sun Kings Grand Style
  • Patronage of the Arts
  • Louis made opera and ballet more popular
  • Moliere
  • Wrote some of the funniest plays in French
    literature

20
Louis Fights Disastrous Wars
  • Attempts to Expand Frances Boundaries
  • Louis invaded the Spanish Netherlands
  • He gained 12 towns
  • Encouraged by his success he personally led his
    army into the Dutch Netherlands
  • Weaker countries banded together to stop the
    expansion of France and they did
  • When William of Orange took control of England
    and joined the Peace of Augsburg England, Spain,
    Sweden, Austrian Hapsburg, and smaller states
    joined to match Frances power

21
Louis Fights Disastrous Wars
  • War of Spanish Succession
  • England, Austria, the Dutch Republic, Portugal,
    and several German and Italian states joined
    together to prevent the union of French and
    Spanish thrones.
  • Treaty of Utrecht
  • Louiss grandson could take over the Spanish
    throne as long as they did not unite
  • Winner in the war was Britain when they took the
    Strait of Gibraltar

22
Louis Fights Disastrous Wars
  • Louiss Death and Legacy
  • He ruined France with the wars
  • News of his death prompted rejoicing throughout
    France
  • Positive Side
  • A power in Europe
  • Art, Literature, and statesmanship were above all
    other countries in Europe
  • Military leader in Europe
  • Negative Side
  • Constant warfare and the construction of the
    Palace of Versailles plunged France into debt
  • His taxes imposed the poor and the abuse of power
    plagued his heirs and eventually led to a
    revolution
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