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Particulate, Gas

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Dust dispersion of solid particles in the gaseous medium ... Bubbler (midget impinger) MIRAN. Portable gas chromatography. Detector tubes. Thank You ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Particulate, Gas


1
Particulate, Gas Vapor(Sampling Equipment)
  • Cindy Hammons

2
PARTICULATE
3
Definitions
  • Aerosols the dispersion of solid or liquid
    particles in the gaseous medium
  • Dust dispersion of solid particles in the
    gaseous medium
  • Fumes solid particles in a gaseous medium
    formed by condensation of solid materials (vapor)
  • Smoke usually but not necessarily consist of
    solid particles

4
Shape, Size and Distribution
  • Various shape, size and density of particulate
  • AED is the diameter of a unit density sphere
    having the same settling velocity as the particle
    concern
  • Polydisperse dust cloud (geometric mean and
    geometric standard deviation)

5
Aerodynamic Behavior In Airstream
  • Impaction proportional to the momentum i.e.
    mass and velocity
  • Sedimentation proportional to its diameter
  • Diffusion for particles lt 0.1um

6
Size Selective and Selected Area of Deposition
  • Nasopharyngeal deposition (upper respiratory
    tract) 7 to 20um
  • Tracheobronchial (conducting airways) 5 to 7um
  • Alveolar region (gas exchange area) 0.5 5um

7
Inhaled Dust Fractions (Sampling Instrument)
  • Respirable dust the dust fraction that will
    penetrate to the unciliated portion of the lungs

8
Purpose of Sampling
  • Compliance with the requirement of the law
  • Health risk assessment
  • Epidemiological study
  • Assessment of control measures

9
Type of Sampling
  • Area sampling
  • Personal sampling

10
Type of Sample Equipment
  • Total dust
  • Inspirable dust 7 hole sampler, IOM sampler,
    close face sampler
  • Respirable dust BMRC horizontal elutriator, AEC
    cyclone
  • Thoracic dust vertical elutriator
  • Fibers open face sampler with cowl

11
Sampling Equipment
  • Real time piezobalance, dust counter etc
  • Non real time filtration, impaction (cascade
    impactor)

12
GAS VAPOR
13
Definitions
  • Gas a state of matter in which a substance
    completely fills the region in which it is
    contained has very low density and viscosity
    can expand and contract greatly in response to
    changes in temperature and pressure and easily
    diffuses into other gases e.g., CO, CO2, HCN,
    NH4, SO2, H2S, N2O, O3, Formaldehyde, phosgene,
    arsine, vinyl chloride etc

14
  • Vapour the gaseous state or form of a substance
    which is normally in the liquid or solid state at
    room temperature and pressure. The liquid or
    solid may be reduced to the vapor by the action
    of heat. A vapor can be liquefied by a suitable
    increase in pressure e.g., toluene, xylene,
    alcohol, C2S, benzene, carbon tetrachloride etc

15
Physiological Effects
  • Carcinogens vinyl chloride, benzene, benzidine,
    B-napthylamine, formaldehyde
  • Systemic poisons C2S, parathion, hexane,
    chlorinated hydrocarbon
  • Asphyxiation CO, CH4, HS, Na Nitrite
  • Irritation acid, alkali, O3, N2O, phosgene
  • Anesthetic/narcosis alcohol, ketones
  • Sensitizer TDI, formaldehyde

16
Physicochemical Properties
  • Solubility
  • Melting and boiling points
  • Vapor pressure
  • Vapor density or relative density
  • Flash point

17
CSDS
  • Physicochemical properties

18
Purpose of Sampling
  • Compliance with the requirement of the law
  • Health risk assessment
  • Epidemiological study
  • Assessment of control measures

19
Type of Sampling
  • Area sampling
  • Personal sampling

20
Sampling Equipment
  • Real time
  • Non real time

21
Sampling Equipment (examples)
  • Charcoal tubes with pump
  • Passive sampler (diffusion membrane)
  • Bubbler (midget impinger)
  • MIRAN
  • Portable gas chromatography
  • Detector tubes

22
Thank You
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