How to be a good teacher?

1
American History
2
(No Transcript)
3
The time table of History

• (16071733) the establishment of North America
  colony belonged to
  England
• (17741783) War of Independence
• (17811814)The founding of independent national
  sovereignty
• (18141861) the different development of economy
  between
• the North and the South in the eve
  of war between the states
• (18141861) the diplomacy and polity before the
  war of states.
• (18611877) the war of states and period of
  rebuilding

4
The time table of History

• (18771900) rapid economic development in the
  late of 1800s.
• (18891914) the inside and outside policy before
  the first world war
• (19141930) the America between the first world
  war and the late of 1920s
• (19301940) the America in1930s
• (19411945) the America during the second world
  war
•    
• (1945present) the America after the second
  world war
•        

5
The Founding of the Colonies
After the discovery of New World, Spanish and
Portuguese overrun (??) the vast land of what is
today called Latin America. North America was
visited mainly by explorers and traders. Portugal
set up colonies in Brazil. Spain explored and
colonized much of the South America and Mexico.
They drove into Mexico, explored Florida, and
entered the Mississippi River Basin. They went as
far as California and built some settlements.
Spain remained the dominant (????) force in
America and the dominant naval power in Europe.
The French built settlements along the St.
Lawrence River (?????) and in the Great Lakes
(?????) region.
6
The Founding of the Colonies
7
The Founding of the Colonies
At about the same time, some English
adventures were also exploring the coast of North
America. In 1588, the English navy destroyed the
Spanish Armada (????) and controlled the main sea
routes. This marked a turning point in the course
of American history, for the English began to
replace the Spaniards as the most important
colonists in North America. The first English
settlement in the New World was established (set
up) in Virginia in 1607. Between 1607 and 1733
the British established 13 colonies along the
east coast of North America. The early settlers
in all these 13 colonies were from different
European countries, but the majority of them came
from England.
8
The Founding of the Colonies

• In the 17th century, England found itself
  fighting against France for world leadership in
  many parts of the world after having defeated the
  Spanish Armada in 1588 and take the place of
  Spain as a world power. Its contest with France
  for the North American Continent never ceased. In
  1754 there broke out what has been known as the
  French and Indian War (also called the Seven
  years War in Europe). Fighting began in North
  America in 1754 and in Europe in 1756.

9
The Founding of the Colonies

• Large number of troops came from England to
  join the fight against the French and their
  Indian allies. The war lasted 8 years and in the
  end the French were completely defeated. The
  English conquered Canada and the upper
  Mississippi valley and the French lost their last
  hope for controlling North America. As a result
  of the War, France ceased to be a major power in
  North America, but England became an important
  world power.

10
Relations Between the Colonies and England

• Each year large quantities of tobacco,
  cotton, grain, wine and other raw materials went
  to Britain from the colonies in return for
  Britains manufactured goods. Meanwhile,
  Britains merchants and adventurers reaped (gain)
  much money by transporting black slaves to
  America. On the other hand, the colonies also
  needed the support of their mother country.

• At that time other European countries,
  especially France, were trying to enlarge their
  control in North America and this certainly
  endangered the existence of the English colonies
  and limited their expansion.

11
Relations Between the Colonies and England

• Besides, there were the Indians to deal
  with. Since the expansion of the English colonies
  reduced the size of forests and took up much
  fertile soil, many Indians found it more and more
  difficult to make a living by hunting and
  farming. Whole tribes of Indians thus began to
  attack the English colonies. The French and the
  English each tried to make use of angry Indians
  to attack the other. After the war with French,
  the British government took further actions to
  fasten (strengthen) its control over the 13
  American colonies.

12
Relations Between the Colonies and England
Britain passed laws taxing (to place a tax on)
sugar, cloth, wine and other goods. In 1765, the
Stamp Act (?????) was passed by the English
parliament. These stamps had to be pasted (?) on
all newspapers and many other important papers
(document). Many Americans became very angry
about this tax. They refused to pay it. They
warned others not to pay it. The colonies joined
together and sent a message to Britain. They
asked that the stamp tax be stopped. The British
didnt agree.
13
Relations Between the Colonies and England
The Boston tea is famous in America.
Americans were very fond of tea, and much tea was
brought to the port of Boston. The British
Government was looking for more ways to get money
out of America. So it put a big tax on tea. They
made the Bostonians angry. On the night of
December 16, 1773, they rushed to the port and
boarded a ship and threw all the tea, which was
from China, into the sea. This is called Boston
Tea Party (???????). It led to a war between
the people of Boston and the British soldiers and
it was the immediate cause (direct cause) of the
War of Independence.
14
(No Transcript)
15
Relations Between the Colonies and England

• The British government was thus forced to
  take actions. Otherwise (or else), it would lose
  face before the world for its failure to control
  its own colonies. The Boston port was closed
  until the tea was paid for.

16
Continental Congress

• In the face of such a situation, the
  representatives from 12 colonies held a meeting
  in Philadelphia t o talk about their troubles
  with their mother country in September of 1774.
  This meeting was called the First Continental
  Congress. They stated (announced) that they were
  loyal to the king of England. They drew up a
  petition (???) asking the king to grant (agree)
  self-government to colonies. They agreed not to
  import any goods from England until England
  repealed all the unfair laws.

17
Continental Congress

• Neither parliament nor king listened to the
  petition of the First Continental Congress.
  Matters grew rapidly worse as England planned to
  send more soldiers to enforce (carry out) the
  law. It was impossible to deal with this problem
  by peaceful means. Both sides prepared to fight
  it out. All that was needed was a spark to light
  the flame of a war.

18
(No Transcript)
19
Continental Congress

• The spark came in the Boston area on
  April 19, 1775. The commander of the British
  troops sent some British troops to arrest the
  revolutionaries. When the British troops, after a
  night of marching, reached the village of
  Lexington. Shots (gunfight) soon broke out from
  both sides. Many Americans nearby heard the shots
  and began to prepare themselves. The British
  soldiers were fired on from behind. It marked the
  beginning of the War of Independence.

20
(No Transcript)
21
Continental Congress

• The Second Continental Congress met in
  Philadelphia in 1775, in a house which later
  became known as Independence Hall. The
  representatives of the colonies agreed to take
  steps to (try to) organize an American army and
  appointed George Washington Commander in Chief of
  the Continental Army. The Congress also decided
  to ask help from other countries, especially
  France. The colonies were preparing for armed
  struggles. The British government was also
  preparing to fight a war.

22
The Declaration of Independence

• The colonies declared that they favored
  (like) independence. Finally Jefferson and
  Benjamin Franklin were appointed to draw up the
  declaration of independence.

23
. The situation of drawing up the
declaration of independence
24
(No Transcript)
25

• The Congress adopted (passed) the Declaration
  of Independence on July 4, 1776, a day which has
  been celebrated each year as Independence Day or
  National Day in the United States. The
  Declaration of Independence declared All men
  are created equal (??????). It is the right of
  the people to set up a new government. A new
  nation, the United States of America was born.

26
The Declaration of Independence
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all
men are created equal, that they are endowed by
their Creator with certain unalienable Right,
that among these are Life, Liberty and the
pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these right,
Governments are instituted among MenThat
whenever any Form of Government becomes
destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the
people to alter or to abolish it, and to
institute new Government. ????????????????
??????,????????????????,??????????????????????????
?? ,????????????????????????????????,???????????
?,??????????
27

• We therefore, the Representatives of the
  United States of America in the Name, and by
  Authority of the good People of these Colonies,
  solemnly publish and declare, that these United
  Colonies are, and of Right ought to be free and
  Independent States that they are absolved from
  all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all
  political connection between them and the State
  of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally
  dissolved and that as Free and Independent
  States, they have full Power to levy War,
  conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish
  Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things
  which Independent States may of right do.
• ???????????????????????????????????,??????
  ????????,??????????????,?????????????????????????
  ?????????,????????????????????????????????????

28
The American Revolution

• The colonies were not in a very favorable
  position and the war did not go well for
  Americans at first, because the British army was
  the finest and strongest in the world. The
  British had a navy to control the sea and a
  highly-developed industry and commerce to keep
  the army well supplied, while the American army
  was composed mainly of farmers and small traders,
  who were poorly trained and equipped. The English
  navy was the strongest with about 800 battle
  ships while the colonies had practically (nearly)
  none at the start of the war. The colonies had a
  population of about 3 million while England had
  about 10 million. Their manufacture (???) was not
  developed because of Englands colonial policy
  while England was the most advanced country in
  manufacture. What is more, there was no strong
  central government to raise money to support the
  American army.

29

• But the Americans had one thing which the
  English soldier lacked (be short of) high morale
  (??). All this determined (decide) that the war
  would be tortuous (???) and long.

The American soldiers endured (bear) great
hardships during the winter due to their poor
equipment and the extreme (very) cold. Washington
proved himself to be an able leader. Franklin
obtained (gain) aid from France for the Americans
30

• After 1777, the war began to go against (???)
  the British troops. The Americans could start
  successful surprise attacks and kept the British
  soldiers on the run. In 1777, the Americans
  defeated the British troops in Saratoga. The
  Battle of Saratoga was the turning point for the
  Americans. As a result, the French who had a
  strong navy, agreed to join the war against
  Britain.
• .

In 1781, Washington with the help of the French
army, encircled British troops at Yorktown on
October 19. The same year, the British troops
surrendered. The war ended in victory for the
Americans. The peace treaty was signed in 1783.
England admitted the independence of the United
States. The colonists had won their freedom
31

• The war won independence for the 13 states
  and started a new stage (period) in American
  history. The next thing for the Americans to do
  was to organize a new nation state and establish
  their central government.

32
The Influences of the American War of
Independence

• The American War of Independence was
  both a national liberation war and a Bourgeois
  revolution. The British colonial rule was
  overthrown and a new independent national country
  was set up.
• The American War of Independence shows
  that a weak nation can defeat a strong one. It
  was a historic event by smashing the fetters
  (??) of British colonial rule, the American
  people gained independence, which gave capitalism
  a chance for rapid development.

33

• It was the first large-scale revolutionary
  movement of a colonial people against national
  oppression (????). It had great international
  influences. The American Revolution directly led
  to the French Revolution in 1789 and some (about)
  forty years later, the Spanish America (????)
  rose up one after another to overthrown
  Spanish-America colonial rule.

34
New Problem After Independence

• After America won her formal
  independence in 1783, there appeared new problems
  for the newly independent states to deal with.
  According to the peace treaty with Britain, the
  new nation had an area of about 2 million square
  kilometers with a population of about 3.5
  million. The territory extended from the Atlantic
  Ocean to the Mississippi River. Most of her
  people lived in the 13 states or near the
  Atlantic coast. Of the total continental area
  (from Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean), more than
  two-thirds was not occupied by the Americans yet.
  The first problem was how to make use of the new
  land west of the Appalachians (??????).

35

• Immediately (at once) after independence, the
  13 states were not very closely united (hold
  together). Many of them had the belief that the
  peace treaty had provided independence for each
  state, not for united country. But soon new
  difficulties force them to give up their false
  belief. After the 13 colonies won their
  independence, Britain reduced its importation
  (??) from America. American farmers and
  manufacturers found it hard to sell their
  products abroad.

• They lost much of her foreign market. What
  was even worse, their domestic (internal) market
  was flooded with (full of) foreign goods because
  there was no strong central government to protect
  it. Prices of farm products dropped sharply in
  the years after the war.

36

• Nearly all the people realized that
  something had to be done, but the problems were
  so serious and wide spread that no state alone
  (by oneself) could deal with. Many began to see
  the importance of a strong central government.
  The Congress, set up during the Revolutionary War
  and still in existence, but it was too weak to
  deal with these problems. Sixty-five delegates
  (representative), including Washington and the
  81-year-old Franklin, met and discussed the
  problems facing the nation.

• Their work was to draw up a constitution and
  set up a central government. This was not easy.
  The Northern States were in favor of (support)
  protective tariffs and free labor while the
  Southern States wanted to retain (keep) the slave
  system and a policy of low tariff.

37
The American Constitution

• After the repeated compromise (??), the
  work of drawing up a constitution was completed
  on September 17, 1787, a day which has been
  designated as Constitution Day of America. The
  appearance of constitution was a great event in
  American history. It established the Federal
  System (???) which was the first in the world at
  that time.

38

• The main feature of the American
  constitution was its division of power. For this
  purpose the power was divided between central
  government and state government. The second
  division of power was among the different
  branches (department) of the Federal government.
  It was called the check and balance system
  (???????). In this system, the power of the
  Federal Government was divided among three
  separate branches Legislative (to make the
  laws), Executive (to enforce or make people obey
  the laws), and Judiciary (to explain the meaning
  of the laws and to try people charged with
  breaking the laws).
• These three branches were balanced against
  each other. This made it difficult for persons
  like Hitler to appear in America.
•  

39
Mount Rushmore (????) National Memorial (?????)

• The faces of George Washington, Thomas
  Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln
  are carved into the face of Mount Rushmore,
  forming the Mount Rushmore National Memorial,
  South Dakota (????). Each president was chosen to
  represent something different about America.
  George Washington represented the founding of the
  country. Thomas Jefferson represented faith in
  the common man. Abraham Lincoln represented the
  unity saved after the Civil War. And Theodore
  Roosevelt represented the progressive spirit of
  America.

40
American Presidents
41
American Presidents
42
THE END THANK YOU!
43

• Washington As the First President In
  1788, the nation began to organize her first
  Federal Government. Washington was elected the
  first President of the United States in 1789. He
  chose several strong men to help him set up the
  government. He named Thomas Jefferson as
  Secretary of State (???). After serving his
  country as President for 8 years (two terms),
  Washington firmly refused to accept a third term
  (?) and returned to his hometown in Virginia
  (????). He set a good example to later American
  President that no president should hold office
  for more than two terms, with Franklin Delano
  Roosevelt as the only exception. Washingtons
  contribution (??) to his country has always been
  cherished (remembered) by the American people.