Processes

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Processes
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Systems of Choice
Mode Medium influences the
message (mode)
Subject Matter determines the
representation (field)
Roles Relationships affects the exchange
(tenor)
through
through
through
Participants (people, places, things
and ideas)
Mood (statements, questions and
commands)
Theme (prominent part of the message)
Processes (doing, thinking, saying
and being)
Modality (degree of probability
or obligation)
Cohesion (the links
between messages)
Circumstances (how, when, where
and why ?)
Clauses in the Text
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Processes are represented by
verbs and verb groups
runs is Sweating whistle jog thinks
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Processes connect participants and
their circumstances
Mental Processes Alice feels proud.
Material Processes Harry bowls.
Verbal Processes Sisters chat.
Relational Processes Paul has a big belly.
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Material Processes indicate physical actions
Children skip.
Mike hit the ball.
The dog chased the cat under the fence.
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Scrambled Eggs Ingredients 2 eggs 1 teaspoon
butter 1/4 cup milk parsley (optional) Salt but
tered toast Method 1. Beat eggs well and then
add salt and milk. 2. Finely chop the
parsley. 3. Melt butter in a small fry
pan. 4. Add egg mixture and stir over a gentle
heat until thick. Dont overcook ! 5. Add a
little chopped parsley and serve on toast.
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Scrambled Eggs Ingredients 2 eggs 1 teaspoon
butter 1/4 cup milk parsley (optional) Salt but
tered toast Method 1. Beat eggs well and then
add salt and milk. 2. Finely chop the
parsley. 3. Melt butter in a small fry
pan. 4. Add egg mixture and stir over a gentle
heat until thick. Dont overcook ! 5. Add a
little chopped parsley and serve on toast.
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Verbal Processes report or project speech
Gold ! Gold ! shouted the prospector.
The girls chat on the way home.
Randal screamed at the dog to be quiet.
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The Lolly Shop Bruno remarked that he likes
Chewy stingers with the fizzy centres best. Gina
boasted that she once ate a whole packet of jumbo
jelly for breakfast. Our Principal announced we
were not to spend our lunch money at the lolly
shop. We asked the shopkeeper to buy more
surprise skulls. Our parents warned us not to eat
too many sweets. Toula whispered to me that she
has one gobstopper a week. Many children ask for
the new doodle pops. Sergio praised the new
nerds which had just arrived at the shop.
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The Lolly Shop Bruno remarked that he likes
Chewy stingers with the fizzy centres best. Gina
boasted that she once ate a whole packet of jumbo
jelly for breakfast. Our Principal announced we
were not to spend our lunch money at the lolly
shop. We asked the shopkeeper to buy more
surprise skulls. Our parents warned us not to eat
too many sweets. Toula whispered to me that she
has one gobstopper a week. Many children ask for
the new doodle pops. Sergio praised the new
nerds which had just arrived at the shop.
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Mental Processes express thoughts or feelings
Mr Harris wondered if the fish would bite.
The diver felt nervous.
He believed that she was telling the truth.
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Madam Fifi Madam Fifi the fortune teller thought
hard. She believes she has special magical
powers. Many people wonder about these things.
With closed eyes she concentrated on the crystal
ball. Madam Fifi knows all this spooky stuff. I
expect some interesting information after my
visit to Madam Fifi. Sometimes I feel a bit
frightened about spirits. I reckon the spirits
could come alive. I dreamt about my visit to
the fortune teller.
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Madam Fifi Madam Fifi the fortune teller thought
hard. She believes she has special magical
powers. Many people wonder about these things.
With closed eyes she concentrated on the crystal
ball. Madam Fifi knows all this spooky stuff. I
expect some interesting information after my
visit to Madam Fifi. Sometimes I feel a bit
frightened about spirits. I reckon the spirits
could come alive. I dreamt about my visit to
the fortune teller.
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Relational Processes indicate states of being or
having
It is windy today.
Mr Taylor has a broken leg.
Those dogs have very sharp teeth !
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Jim
chubby.
is
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Mavis
a migraine.
has
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Dogs Dogs are mammals. They are four legged
creatures which have backbones. They are warm
blooded animals and so can control their own body
temperature. Dogs have live babies. The mother
produces milk to feed the babies. When the
puppies are weaned they are able to eat
meat. There are many different breeds of dog.
Different breeds have different attributes. Some
breeds of dog have thick, furry coats. Other
breeds of dog have short, sleek coats. Most dogs
are friendly and relate well to human beings.
Dogs make excellent pets. They are good company
and have lots of fun to share.
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Dogs Dogs are mammals. They are four legged
creatures which have backbones. They are warm
blooded animals and so can control their own body
temperature. Dogs have live babies. The mother
produces milk to feed the babies. When the
puppies are weaned they are able to eat
meat. There are many different breeds of dog.
Different breeds have different attributes. Some
breeds of dog have thick, furry coats. Other
breeds of dog have short, sleek coats. Most dogs
are friendly and relate well to human beings.
Dogs make excellent pets. They are good company
and have lots of fun to share.
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Keep the Men in Jail
Select a process card identify its type and
use in a sentence. The first player/team to have
all the bars marked off is the winner.
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Verb Groups
A verb group may comprise a single verb or a
group of verbs It may also include auxiliaries
and non finite elements such as participles
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Verb Groups
They had been planning to have a
barbeque for Fred's birthday.
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Auxiliary Verbs
Auxiliary verbs are helping verbs. They help to
specify and express time, probability or
obligation.
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Auxiliary Verbs
Auxiliary Verbs are divided into primary
auxiliaries (be, have, do) and Modal
auxiliaries (can, may, shall, must, ought to,
need, done)
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Auxiliary Verbs
In verb groups that express probability or time,
the modal auxiliary comes first
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Participles
Each verb has a present and a past participle.
Participles in base, present (-ing) or past (-ed)
form may be included in the verb group.
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Past Participle
We have walked two kilometres. Weve walked two
kilometres.
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Present Participle
We were walking two kilometres. We shall be
walking two kilometres.
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Base Form
We shall walk to Uluru. Well walk to Uluru.
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Infinitives
Infinitives are the base form, root or name of
the verb and usually follow the word to
Examples to bring, to wish, to be, to go
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Infinitives
Both parts of the infinitive should be kept
together
They wanted to walk slowly to the
corner. not They wanted to slowly walk to the
corner.
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Transitive Verbs
When a verb takes the action from the subject
across to the object it is called a transitive
verb
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Dogs fetch sticks.
Here the dog is doing the action
to the stick.
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Intransitive Verbs
Verbs that dont have any objects are
called intransitive verbs. Intransitive verbs
make sense on their own and do not need an object.
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Mark relaxes.
In this sentence the action is
not transferred to an object
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Subject/Verb Agreeance
The subject of a sentence is who or what the
sentence is about. It is in charge of the verb
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Subject/Verb Agreeance
This carrot is fresh.
A singular subject means the verb must be
singular.
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Subject/Verb Agreeance
These carrots are fresh.
A plural subject means the verb must be plural.
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Subject/Verb Agreeance
Sometimes one subject governs more than one verb.
Make sure that all of the verbs governed by a
subject agree with the subject.
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This kind of car looks impressive but does not go
very fast.
not
This kind of car looks impressive but do not go
very fast.
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Subject/Verb Agreeance
Take care when a group of words forms the subject
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A packet of peas was open on the floor
not
A packet of peas were open on the floor
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Tips to Remember
Words like anyone, everyone, and no-one are
singular and take a singular form The words
many, both, few and several always take the
plural form
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Tips to Remember
Neither nor If both subjects are singular use
a singular verb If both subjects are plural use
a plural verb
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Tips to Remember
Collective nouns usually take a
singular verb Examples Year 1/2 is
brilliant. Amys family is brilliant. The
football team is brilliant.
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Tips to Remember
When a sentence has more than one subject joined
by the word and the verb should be
plural. Example Luise and her sister
come on Mondays.
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Active and Passive Voice
Voice is the characteristic of the verb by which
it is able to express an idea in two ways
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Tom hit the ball.
Here tom (the subject) is doing the
action of hitting.
Hit is an active verb
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The ball was hit by Tom.
Here the ball (the subject) is having the
action done to it.
was hit is an passive verb
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Active and Passive Voice
Active voice is stronger and more direct than
passive voice. Active voice is used much more
often because it is usually shorter and easier to
read.
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Active and Passive Voice
When passive voice is used it can give a
different emphasis to a message.
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Public notices are often written in the passive
voice as it is less aggressive and abrupt
to active voice
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Active voice
Keep your dog on a leash !
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Passive voice
Dogs must be kept on a leash.
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Tense
Refers to time and tells when a process is
taking place
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Present Tense
The chef is cooking.
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Past Tense
The chef cooked.
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Future Tense
The chef will cook.
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Timeless Present Tense
The chef cooks.
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Nominalisation is the changing of a process into
a participant
The rain fell heavily. Can be changed to The
falling of the rain was heavy.
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Extending a Noun Group
His three cute Siamese kittens
Add a process
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Extending a Noun Group
His three cute Siamese kittens purred
(verbal process)
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Extending a Noun Group
His three cute Siamese kittens scratched
(material process)
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Extending a Noun Group
His three cute Siamese kittens seem
(relational process)
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Extending a Noun Group
His three cute Siamese kittens feel
(mental process)
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Extending a Noun Group
His three cute Siamese kittens felt
(change the tense)