GATEWAY DEVELOPMENT AND PORT RIVALRY IN THE YANGZI RIVER DELTA

1
GATEWAY DEVELOPMENTAND PORT RIVALRYIN THE
YANGZI RIVER DELTA

• CLAUDE COMTOIS
• CHEVALIER VISITING PROFESSOR UNIVERSITY OF
  BRITISH COLUMBIA

2
KEY ISSUES

• HOW ARE MARINE GATEWAYS BEING SHAPED?
• HOW ARE YANGZI CONTAINER SHIPPING SERVICES
  RESTRUCTURED?
• HOW ARE CHINAS POLICIES AFFECTING SPATIAL
  PATTERNS OF MARINE ACTIVITIES?
• HOW IS SHORT SEA SHIPPING BECOMING A FACTOR OF
  CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT?

3
MARINE GATEWAY SYSTEM
O C E A N
bridge
Island
Sea Port
C O N T I N E N T
C O N T I N E N T
Island
Freight corridor
Interior center
Load center
Regional gateway network
Shortsea/feeder services
Deepsea liner services
4
TOP MARINE GATEWAYS, 2005
KOREAN PENINSULA
TOKYO BAY
11 958 282
HELGOLAND BAY
5 895 158
9 327 853
Busan
10 407 809
Tokyo
3 313 647
Guangyang
1 184 842
Hamburg
6 138 000
Yokohama
2 504 628
Ulsan
318 279
Bremen
3 189 853
Chiba
46 440
Masan
47 352
Kawazaki
30 443
YANGZI RIVER DELTA
RHINE-SCHELDT
12 552 215
28 104 000
Rotterdam
7 106 779
Shanghai
11 280 000
Antwerp
5 445 436
Ningbo
2 772 000
SAN PEDRO AREA
11 923 200
Los Angeles
7 178 940
Long Beach
4 658 124
San Diego
86 136
SINGAPORE STRAIT
TAIWAN STRAIT
PEARL RIVER DELTA
Containers Handlings
27 518 786
10 086 027
35 324 500
(TEUs)
Singapore
18 100 000
Kaohsiung
8 840 000
Hong Kong
20 449 000
Port Klang
4 840 000
Taichung
1 246 027
10 614 900
Shenzhen
Tanjung Pelapas
3 487 320
Guangzhou
2 761 700
Pasir Gudang
750 466
Zhongshan
754 700
Jurong
341 000
Jiangmen
744 200
5
CONTAINER TRAFFIC BETWEEN SHANGHAI AND YANGZI
RIVER PORTS, 1990-1998
Drawing by M. Girard, UdeM
6
SELECTED LAND AND MARINE GATEWAYS IN ZHEJIANG,
2005
Drawing by M. Girard, UdeM
7
A) Market quotient of Shanghai port for Zheijang
container imports, 1999
B) Market quotient of Shanghai port for Zheijang
container exports, 1999
Drawing by M. Girard, UdeM
8
A) Market quotient of Ningbo port for Zheijang
container imports, 1999
B) Market quotient of Ningbo port for Zheijang
container exports, 1999
Drawing by M. Girard, UdeM
9
STAGES IN CHINAS PORT REFORM PROCESS SINCE 1978

• DOMESTIC RESPONSIBILITY
• CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FIVE-YEAR PLANS
• LOCAL GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT
• INVESTMENTS BY DOMESTIC COMPANIES
• OVERSEAS PARTICIPATION
• FOREIGN OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
• SEPARATION OF GOVERNMENT FROM ENTERPRISE
• CORPORATE RESTRUCTURING

10
FOREIGN OWNERSHIP INSELECTED YANGZI RIVER DELTA
PORT SYSTEM, 2005
Source Drewry Shipping Consultants, 2004
Drawing by M. Girard, UdeM
11
COMPETITIVE FACTORS INTHE DEVELOPMENT OF GATEWAYS

• GOVERNMENT POLICY AND PLANNING
• CORPORATE PLAYERS AND STRATEGIES
• EXTENSIVE NETWORKING
• UNIMPEDED ACCESSIBILITY
• SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES

12
EMERGING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

• EMERGING CONSENSUS ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND
  IMPACTS
• DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN PORTS
• COMPETITION BETWEEN LOGISTICS CHAINS
• GATEWAY DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES

13
GROWTH IN SHORT SEA SHIPPING

• GOVERNMENT PROMOTION OF SHORT SEA MOTORWAYS
• OCEAN GOING SHIPPING LINES INROADS INTO SHORT SEA
  SHIPPING DISTRIBUTION
• TERMINAL OPERATORS INVESTING IN SHORT SEA
  SHIPPING LINES
• DEVELOPMENT OF WATERWAY BRANCHES
• ALLIANCES BETWEEN SHORT SEA SHIPPING LINES
• FROM WHOLESALER OF PORT-TO-PORT SERVICES TO
  RETAILER OF DOOR-TO-DOOR SERVICES

14
COST TRANSIT COMPETITIVENESS OF MULTIMODAL
TRANSPORT IN THE YANGZI RIVER, 2006
15
CONCLUSION

• INCREASING COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT
• INTERLOCKING PORT DEVELOPMENT OF SHANGHAI AND
  NINGBO
• YANGZI GATEWAY STATUS AND SHORT SEA SHIPPING
  STRATEGY