History of Research Project on CCA-Treated Wood Presented May 6, 2002 Gainesville, Florida

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History of Research Project on CCA-Treated
WoodPresented May 6, 2002Gainesville, Florida
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Funding Received from Florida Center for Solid
and Hazardous Waste Mngt. Florida Power and
Light Sarasota County Florida Department of
Environmental Protection Florida International
University/National Institute for Environmental
Health Science
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Active Faculty Researchers

• Helena Solo-Gabriele, Ph.D., P.E.,
• Assoc. Prof., Civil/Environ. Engrg
• Timothy Townsend, Ph.D.
• Assoc. Prof., Environ/Solid Waste Engrg
• Yong Cai, Ph.D.
• Assist. Prof., Chemistry

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Students Supported on Project

• Sean Bennie
• Kenneth Brown
• Vandin Calitu
• Brajesh Dubey
• Tim Franklin
• Kelvin Gary
• Myron Georgiadis
• Naila Hosein
• Kendiro Iida
• Gary Jacobi
• Jenna Jambeck
• Bernine Khan

• Monika Kormienko
• Brian Messick
• Tom Moskal
• Jennifer Penha
• Donna May Sakura
• Catalina Santamaria
• Ajay Seth
• Jin-Kun Song
• Kristin Stook
• Thabet Tolaymat
• Lakmini Wadanambi

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Background

• CCA-Treated Wood is the most common wood
  preservative used today (gt80 market)
• CCA ---gt Chromated Copper Arsenate

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Background
Saltwater Immersion Pole/Pilings
20,000 mg/kg As
Structural Poles Saltwater Splash
Above Ground
2,000 mg/kg As
pcf pounds of CCA per cubic foot of wood
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Background

• CCA ---gt Chromated Copper ArsenateThe treated
  wood contains very high concentrations of Cr, Cu,
  and As
• As toxic, known carcinogen
• Soil background levels for arsenic in Florida are
  low
• Strict disposal guidelines

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Why Was this Project Initiated?

• High metals concentrations were observed in the
  ash from wood cogeneration facilities located in
  Florida

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Year 1 (1996-1997)
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Year 1 Disposal Forecast
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CCA-WoodRemoved from Service
CD Debris Recycling Facilities
Wood Fuel Facility
Ash
Processed Wood (6 CCA in 1996)
MSW Landfill
CD Landfill
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Year 2 (1997-1998)
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Year 2
Develop Tools for Disposal End Management

• Leaching Studies, ash
• Hazardous when CCA-treated wood represents 5 of
  wood burned
• Solvents can extract metals from ash, citric acid
  very promising (40 to 100 As removed)
  ------gt Explore Potential Recycling?

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Year 2 (continued)
Untreated
Treated

• Sorting Studies, Laboratory
• Chemical stains, low capital costlabor
  intensive
• X-ray methods, high capital costsuitable for
  on-line system

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Year 3 (1998-1999)
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Year 3

• Disposal-End Management
• Field Demonstration of Sorting Technologies
  Stains suitable for sorting small quantities of
  wood
• Evaluation of Pyrolysis Technology Appears
  promising for ultimate disposal
• Resource book for Wood Disposal Sector

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Year 3 (Continued)

• Alternative Chemicals
• Four Promising Alternative Chemicals for CCA
  ACQ, CBA, CC, CDDC
• All standardized for applications requiring 0.25
  0.4 pcf Comparable to CCA efficacy
• Leach less As but generally more Cu
• Cost 10 to 30 more at retail establishment

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Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
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The Research Team Was Invited to the Minnesota
Proceedings

• Minnesotas Listed Metals Advisory CouncilCd,
  Pb, Hg, and Cr(VI)
• Speciation Debated
• In-Service Issues Debated
• Lack of Scientific Data

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Year 3 Supplemental

• Impacts of CCA on Soil during In-Service Use
• Use Sectors for CCA-Treated Wood
• Leaching of CCA-treated Wood and CD Debris Wood
  Mulch
• Literature Reviews, Alt. Chem.Cr As Speciation

Deck Study
Use Sectors
Minnesota
Leaching Wood Mulch
Lit Reviews Alt Chem, As, Cr Spec
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Leaching of CCA During In-Service Use
Year 3 Supplemental
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Leaching of CCA-Treated Wood During In-Service Use
Year 3 Supplemental
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Leaching of CCA-Treated Wood During In-Service Use

• Chemicals Do Leach from CCA-treated Wood During
  In-Service Use

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Leaching of CCA-Treated Wood During In-Service Use

• Approximately 39 square miles of Florida land
  covered by CCA-treated decks.
• Top 8 inches of this area would correspond to 60
  million tons of soil.

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Use Sectors for CCA-Treated Wood
Year 3 Supplemental
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Use Sectors for CCA-Treated Wood
Year 3 Supplemental
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28,600 tons of As, Cumulative
?1600 tons As imported per year
In-service losses (10) 2900 tons Disposed to
date 1600 tons Future disposal (for that
imported through 2000) 24,100 tons
Year 3 Supplemental
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Leaching of CCA-treated Wood and CD Debris Wood
Mulch
Year 3 Supplemental
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Leaching of CCA-Treated Wood
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Leaching of Mulch
Samples No. No. Exceeding GWCTL for As No. Exceeding GWCTL for Cr
CD Debris 20 18 5
Yard Waste 3 1 1
Colored Mulch 3 2 0
Vegetative Mulch 3 0 0
Year 3 Supplemental
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Ash Problem
Inventory
Sorting Lab
Ash Char Trt
Deck Study
Sorting Field
Alt. Chem. Lit Review
Use Sectors
Minnesota
Leaching Wood Mulch
Lit Review Alt Chem, As, Cr Spec
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Innovative Recycling Grant
laser
x-ray
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Output signal for detection of treated wood
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Questions?Comments?Reports available
atwww.ccaresearch.org