Nanotechnology Small science, BIG deal

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NanotechnologySmall science, BIG deal

• By Group 5 and 6

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How Big is a Nanometer?
One nanometer billionth of a meter
1/1,0000,000,000
A mite next to a gear set produced using
nanotechnology. Courtesy Sandia National
Laboratories, SUMMiTTM Technologies,
www.mems.sandia.gov
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What is Nanotechnology?

• The study of everything smaller than one
  nanometer
• 1 nanometer is 1,000 times smaller than the width
  of a human hair
• Nanotechnology is the creation of functional
  materials, devices, and systems through control
  of matter on the nanometer

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The goal of Nanotechnology

• The goal of nanotechnology is to improve our
  control over how we build things, so that our
  products can be of the highest quality
• Would enable us to build things from the bottom
  up

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Bottom Up Approach vs. Top Down Approach

• Top Down Approach
• Method we currently use
• This means that we take an object and make it
  smaller and smaller until we get it to the size
  we want.
• This approach is limited only by our capacity to
  shrink objects
• Bottom-Up Approach
• Involves creating things by manipulating atoms or
  molecules.
• Imagine being able to see the molecules and then
  putting them together one by one until you get
  the shape you want.

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Nanotechnology Centuries Ago

• Nanotechnology was used in stained glass during
  medieval times
• Colors in stained glass were created from a
  heating and cooling process changing their
  crystalline structures

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History
James Clerk Maxwell
Irving Langmuir
In 1876
In 1920s
1st mention Nanotechnology
Atoms, Molecules, or Cells called Monolayer
Richard Phillips Feynman
Norio Taniguchi
In1959
In 1974
First to discuss the manipulation individual
atoms and molecules
Coined the term of Nanotechnology
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The Godfather ofNanotechnology

• Kim Eric Drexler, PhD
• Was the first person ever to earn a PhD in
  nanotechnology
• Pointed out the premature capabilities based on
  molecular assemblers proposed devices able to
  guide chemical reactions by positioning reactive
  molecules with atomic precision.

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Current Uses of Nanotechnology

• Stain and wrinkle resistant clothes
• Sunscreens
• Sports Equipment
• MP3 Players (iPod Nano)
• Palm Pilots (Blackberries)
• Cell Phones
• Flash Drives
• Lightweight car parts
• Thin Film Batteries
• Flexible Electronics

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Major Players in Nanotechnology

• Government spending on nanotechnology has
  increased from 116 million in 1997 to 1.054
  billion in 2006

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Current Research Breakthroughs

• On August 31 2007
• IBM Unveiled
• Magnetic Anisotropy
• It measures an atoms ability to store
  information
• Single Molecule Switch
• Reduce the size of modern electric circuits since
  molecules will become circuits

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Looking to the future

• Effects of Nanotechnology on Information
  Technology
• Will make computers smaller and faster
• Will increase the amount of data storage
  exponentially
• Will make cell phones smaller, lighter and
  cheaper
• Will change the way we live!!!

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Effects on Computer Memory

• RAM (Random Access Memory)
• Computer memory used to perform necessary tasks
  while the computer is on
• Currently
• RAM only holds information when powered by
  electricity
• After nanotechnology
• MRAM (Magnetic RAM) would be able to hold
  information for up to 10 years without power
• Computers would no longer need back up batteries
  making them lighter and smaller

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Effects on Computer Memory

• MRAM (Magnetic Random Access Memory)
• How it works
• Ferroelectric materials, made up of crystals,
  have the ability to change electric polarization
• These crystals hold their orientation until
  forced to change
• Can be coded as binary memory
• Since they do not revert spontaneously, RAM would
  not be erased.

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Effects on Data Storage

• Magnetic Storage Devices (Hard Drives)
• Currently
• Hard drive speed and capacity is limited
• After nanotechnology
• Hard drives will be faster and hold more
  information

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Effects on Data Storage

• How it works
• Nanotechnology provides ways to decrease the
  distance between the read/write head and the
  magnetic disks increasing writing speed
• By changing the density of the disks through
  nanotechnology, they will be able to hold far
  more information

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Effects on Cell Phones

• Cell phones will become cheaper and more
  efficient !
• Currently
• Cell phones functions are limited to their
  storage capacity
• Inefficiency of radios and antennas waste battery
  power
• After nanotechnology
• Cell phones will only need 1 radio and 1 antenna
  increasing battery life
• Will have increased storage capacity
• Increased wireless transfer speed
• Phones will be able to transfer full length
  movies in about 2 seconds
• Phones will be able to identify their user by the
  smell of their pheromones leading to increased
  security

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Future Possibilities

• Electronics
• Terabytes of data on devices smaller than a sugar
  cube
• Computers that might operate by reading the brain
  waves of the operator
• MRAM (Magnetic Random Access Memory)
• Supercharged Internet based on light
• Medical
• Personal/Portable equipment monitors
• Nanorobots that could be programmed to attack the
  structure of cancer cells and viruses
• Custom designed therapies based on a patients
  individual DNA
• Commercial
• Barcode Scanners
• Robotic Inspection Systems
• Space Elevator

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Summary

• Nanotechnology
• will revolutionize electronics, materials,
  manufacturing, energy, transportation, and so
  on.
• will be a major topic of research worldwide in
  the next decade
• will change the way we live!!!
• Video on Nanotechnology

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