The European Influence

1
Lifestyles and Culture of
Australia and Oceania

• Chapter 33.3

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A Blend of Cultures

• Most early culture was based on living
  in harmony with nature
• Aborigines-Dreamtime /Melanesia-fishing villages
• By the 1900s European influence began to change
  the culture
• Christianity became the main religion due to
  Western missionaries- traditional religions are
  still practiced

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Languages

• Landforms are a barrier
  separating people leading to
  many different languages
• English is widely spoken
• Strine - the easygoing English spoken in
  Australia
• French, Malayo-Polynesian, and aboriginal
  languages are also spoken
• Pidgin English - a blend of English and native
  speak to make trade easier

Polynesian words
Strine
Pidgin
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The Arts

• Most ancient people didnt have a writing system
  so history was passed down through story telling,
  music, dance, and art
• Art that derives inspiration from Aboriginal,
  Maori and other native traditions are still
  important
• Western forms of art also thrive

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Lifestyles

• Traditional lifestyles - mostly involving
  agriculture.- Subsistence farming
• Fale - traditional house in Samoa with open sides
  and thatched roof and coconut palm leaf blinds
• European Lifestyle -
• In cities and rural areas, western lifestyles and
  dress are popular

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Health and Education

• Many islanders are in poor health
• fresh food and meat are scarce as well as good
  doctors
• Lack of education also makes it hard to improve
  their life
• The physical geography is also a problem, but
  through technology this can be overcome.
• Royal Flying Doctor Service and education with
  two-way radios are examples.

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Ready for some more FUN?
Use what we learned about Australian strine
words, and write a dialogue relating to the
region using lots of strine. You and your partner
will perform the dialogue for the class.
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Tattoo

• Although the practice of tattooing the body is
  very old, the English word tattoo is relatively
  new. The explorer Captain James Cook (who also
  gave us the word taboo) introduced the word to
  English speakers in his account of a voyage
  around the world from 1768 to 1771. Like taboo,
  tattoo comes from Polynesian languages such as
  Tahitian and Samoan. The earliest use of the verb
  tattoo in English is found in an entry for 1769
  in Cook's diary. Sailors introduced the custom
  into Europe from the Pacific societies in which
  it was practiced, and it has remained associated
  with sailors, although many landlubbers now get
  tattoos as well.

Go Back
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Taboo

• Among the many discoveries of Captain James Cook
  was a linguistic one, the term taboo. In a
  journal entry from 1777, Cook says this word has
  a very comprehensive meaning but, in general,
  signifies that a thing is forbidden.... When any
  thing is forbidden to be eat, or made use of,
  they say, that it is taboo. Cook was in the
  Friendly Islands (now Tonga) at the time, so even
  though similar words occur in other Polynesian
  languages, the form taboo from Tongan tabu is the
  one we have borrowed. The Tongans used tabu as an
  adjective. Cook, besides borrowing the word into
  English, also made it into a noun referring to
  the prohibition itself and a verb meaning to
  make someone or something taboo. From its
  origins in Polynesia the word taboo has traveled
  as widely as Cook himself and is now used
  throughout the English-speaking world.

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Strine examples

• airy-fairy. Insubstantial, hare-brained, nothing
  much, in your dreams.
• Al Capone. Rhyming slang for telephone.
• apples, as in she'll be apples. In Australian
  slang, she'll be apples simply means everything
  will be okay.
• apples and pears. Rhyming slang for stairs. To
  shoot down the apples and pears is to go down the
  stairs. Sometimes shortened to just apples.
• arvo. Afternoon. Another Australian slang
  contraction.
• Aussie. Australian.
• Aussie salute. Moving the hand around to flick
  off or drive away flies, particularly from the
  face.
• avagoodweegend. Have a good weekend.

More
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• bickie, also bikkie. Biscuit.
• big bickies. A lot of money. Also see motza on
  the M page.
• biggie. Anything big or bigger than usual. This
  comes about as a result of a penchant to add -ie
  or -y to certain words in colloquial speech.
  Hence, footie or footy for football.
• big smoke. The city.
• billabong. A waterhole.
• billy. Container for boiling tea.
• bit o' all right. Bit o' understatement here,
  matey. The phrase actually means something or
  someone which, or who, is more than all right
  lovely, eliciting admiration, beautiful even.
• bizzo. Also bizo. Business.
• bloke. Man.
• bludger. Lazy person, usually applied to one who
  lives on the dole and who doesn't try finding
  work.
• blue. A row, quarrel, fight, as in We had a blue.
  
• Bluey. Nickname for a redhead. How about that?
• bob's your uncle. Surprisingly this statement can
  have one of two diffferent, almost opposite,
  meanings in expressing agreement, meaning right
  you are, or in response to a statement proving
  nothing as an expression of doubt.
• bonzer. Excellent, attractive, really great.
• boss cocky. The big boss. Usually used for farmer
  who employs workers.
• bunny rug, bunny-rug. Baby's blanket.
• bush. Country, as in the bush (the country) and
  go bush (leave the city).
• bush telegraph. The local gossip network.

Languages
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• abandon - lusim
• approximately - samting (round)
• about - nabaut
• above - antap
• accuse (someone) - sutim long tok
• address - adres
• address (letter) - adresim man
• airplane - balus affines - tambu
• again - gen
• aggressive person - man bilong pait
• agree - yesa
• agricultural officer - didiman

Languages
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What's rhyming slang?

• They say Australian rhyming slang comes from
  cockney and was brought to Australia by the
  convicts who first settled the country.
• They used rhyming slang if they didnt want
  others, particularly the authorities, to
  understand what they were talking about.
• Basically, rhyming slang is the use of usually
  two or more words, the last of which rhymes with
  the intended word.

Strine