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Title:

Audio

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Super-directional: very narrow pick-up pattern. Shot gun mic. 14 ... Apple iPod. Lighter than two CDs (5.6 oz) 10, 20 or 40 GB. Holds up to 10,000 songs ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Audio


1
Audio
2
Basic Audio System
3
Basic Audio System
4
Basic Audio System
5
Basic Audio System
6
Basic Audio System
7
Basic Audio System
8
Basic Audio System
9
Basic Audio System
10
Basic Audio System
11
Microphones
  • Pick-up Pattern
  • Element Type
  • Impedance

12
Omnidirectional
  • all directions
  • 360 degrees
  • placed in center of a round balloon

13
Unidirectional
  • one direction
  • megaphone
  • Super-directional very narrow pick-up pattern
  • Shot gun mic

14
Unidirectional
  • parabolic reflector
  • used along the sidelines in football games

15
Cardioid
  • heart shaped pattern

16
Bi-directional
  • two directions
  • megaphone on each side

17
Element Type
  • material that picks up the sound waves

18
CeramicandCrystal
  • clay or crystal
  • inexpensive
  • deteriorates with time
  • breaks get a new one

19
Dynamic
  • electromagnet
  • inexpensive to very expensive
  • excellent quality
  • retain quality

20
Ribbon
  • corrugated aluminum
  • delicate
  • often used in bi-directional mics

21
Condenser
  • condenser
  • excellent quality
  • very sensitive

22
Impedance
  • resistance

23
Impedance
  • Hi - 10k ? 25 cord maximum
  • Lo - 150 ? any length

24
Must Match the Impedance
  • Hi - - Hi
  • Lo - - Lo

25
What if
  • Hi - - Lo

26
  • Hi - - Lo

27
What if
  • Lo - - Hi

28
  • Lo - - Hi

29
Matching Transformer
  • electronic device to convert impedance

30
Dual Impedance
  • control to switch impedance

31
What would you buy?
  • Pick-up pattern?
  • Element type?
  • Impedance?

32
Ways to damage microphones?
33
What is Feedback?
34
What is Feedback?
  • sound is continually fed from speaker to mic

35
How do you stop feedback from occurring?
  • place the mic behind the speaker

36
Amplifiers
  • Pre amplifier
  • Power amplifier
  • Integrated amplifier

37
Integrated Amplifiers
  • Pre amplifier
  • Power amplifier

38
Receiver
  • Pre amplifier
  • Power amplifier
  • Tuner

39
Speakers
  • Listen
  • Choose

40
Receiver Speaker(s)
  • Radio

41
Turntable Integrated Amp Speaker(s)
  • Record Player

42
Tape Deck Integrated Amp Speaker(s)
  • Tape Player (Recorder)

43
CD Deck Integrated Amp Speaker(s)
  • CD Player

44
Turntables
  • Cartridges ceramic magnetic
  • Needles 78 rpm LP

45
78 needle LP record
46
78 needle LP record
78 needle 78 record
47
78 needle LP record
78 needle 78 record
LP needle 78 record
48
78 needle LP record
78 needle 78 record
LP needle 78 record
LP needle LP record
49
Advantages of Phonographs
  • Good frequency response
  • Quality
  • Easy cueing

50
Disadvantages of Phonographs
  • Records arent made much anymore
  • Scratch
  • Warp
  • Cant make locally
  • Storage

51
Tape Players (Recorders)
52
Tape Players (Recorders)
  • Tape path

Supply
Take-up
53
Tape Players (Recorders)
Supply
Take-up
Guide Rollers
54
Tape Players (Recorders)
Supply
Take-up
Guide Rollers
Capstan
Pressure Roller
Motor
55
Tape Players (Recorders)
Supply
Take-up
Guide Rollers
Capstan
P
Pressure Roller
Motor
56
Tape Players (Recorders)
Supply
Take-up
Guide Rollers
Capstan
E
R/P
Pressure Roller
Motor
57
Tape Players (Recorders)
Supply
Take-up
Guide Rollers
Capstan
E
P
R
Pressure Roller
Motor
58
Reel to Reel Tape
Full track monaural
59
Reel to Reel Tape
Full track monaural
Half track monaural
60
Reel to Reel Tape
Full track monaural
Half track monaural
Quarter track monaural
61
Reel to Reel Tape
Half track stereo
62
Reel to Reel Tape
Half track stereo
Quarter track stereo
63
Cassette Tape
Monaural
64
Cassette Tape
Monaural
Stereo
65
Eight Track Stereo
  • Continuous loop tape

66
Eight Track Stereo
67
Eight Track Stereo
68
Eight Track Stereo
69
Eight Track Stereo
70
Advantages of Tape
  • Local production
  • Erase and reuse
  • Compact (cassettes)
  • Easy to use
  • Prevent accidental erasure (cassettes)
  • Easy to store (cassettes)

71
Disadvantages of Tape
  • Difficult to cue
  • Accidental erasure (reel-to-reel)
  • Noise and hiss (Dolby)
  • Difficult to repair

72
AUDIO CD
  • 4.7 in diameter
  • 1.2 mm thick
  • center hole 15mm in diameter

73
AUDIO CD
  • Thickest layer transparent acrylic
  • Middle layer aluminized reflecting signal
    surface
  • Thin lacquer coating and label

74
AUDIO CD
  • Pits
  • Lands
  • Laser

land
land
land
land
pit
pit
pit
pit
75
Types of CDs
  • True digital DDD
  • Reprocessed AAD
  • Digitally enhanced ADD

76
Advantages of CDs
  • Can produce locally
  • Superior sound
  • Excellent frequency response
  • Easy to cue
  • Easy to store
  • Not easily damaged
  • Easy to handle

77
Disadvantages of CDs
  • Sound harsh, not mellow
  • Expensive
  • Difficult to cue long musical works
  • Theft
  • Dynamic range 90-100 dB
  • Musicians may feel pressured into being
    technically perfect

78
MP3
  • MPEG-I Audio Layer III
  • CD quality audio
  • 121 compression ratio

79
Apple iPod
  • Lighter than two CDs (5.6 oz)
  • 10, 20 or 40 GB
  • Holds up to 10,000 songs
  • Other features too

80
AUDIO CARD
81
AUDIO CARD
82
AUDIO CARD
  • Sound with visual

83
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AUDIO CARD
99
Advantages of Audio Cards
  • Sound with visual
  • Record and compare
  • Individual use
  • Participation

100
Disadvantages of Audio Cards
  • Less than 8 seconds of sound
  • Time consuming preparation
  • Can do the same thing with computers

101
Variable Speech Control
102
Hearing - Listening Process
103
Hearing - Listening Process
  • Encoding

104
Hearing - Listening Process
  • Encoding
  • Hearing

105
Hearing - Listening Process
  • Encoding
  • Hearing
  • Listening

106
Hearing - Listening Process
  • Encoding
  • Hearing
  • Listening
  • Decoding

107
Hearing - Listening Process
  • Encoding
  • Hearing
  • Listening
  • Decoding

108
Advantages of Audio (in general)
  • Inexpensive
  • Available
  • Simple to use
  • Portable
  • Local production

109
Disadvantages of Audio (in general)
  • Fixed sequence
  • People arent good listeners
  • Time consuming production
  • Storage
  • Retrieval
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