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EcoTour of The Tropical Andes

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More than 40% of the Chile's population (In 2002, census gave ... Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling ... Largest Commercial Ports ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: EcoTour of The Tropical Andes


1
Eco-Tour of The Tropical Andes
Join us on this tour of South America!
Guides Lisa Schneider Annette Danilowski
Dallas Monreal-Berner
2
Tundra
Deciduous Forest
Savanna
Taiga
Chaparral
Rainforest
Grasslands
Major Biomes of the Tropical Andes
Desert
Alpine
Desert-scrub
3
Santiago, Chile
  • Capital of Chile
  • More than 40 of the Chiles population (In 2002,
    census gave about 5.8 million)
  • Due to a recently stable economy, companies are
    starting to set up headquarters in Santiago (Coca
    Cola, HP, Motorola, Intel, Ford, Yahoo).
  • The largest concentration of higher-education
    institutions in the country.
  • Hand gestures to fight are like in the movies.

We start here!
4
Chile
CLICK
  • Climate Temperate, ranges from Desert (North) to
    moderate precipitation (South)
  • Terrain Moderate Coastal mountains, Andes to the
    east, higher altitudes. Fertile valleys in
    Southern Chile.
  •  Natural resources Copper, Timber, Iron, Ore,
    Nitrate, Precious Metals, Hydro-Power.
  •  Natural hazards Severe Earthquakes, Active
    Volcanoes, Tsunamis.
  • Environment issues Lack of Laws and Law
    Enforcement (examples raw sewage pollution,
    deforestation, mining, air pollution, poorly
    managed industrial sites, vehicles that are
    rarely regulated)
  • Environmental international agreements Party
    to Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate
    Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species,
    Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
    Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands,
    Whaling signed, but not ratified none of the
    selected agreements

5
Santiagos Biome
  • Location 332616S, 703902W
  • Climate Cool and temperate
  • Temperature hot dry summer, cool and wet winter
  • Reason for Climate Ocean current, on the
    downwind side of mountains
  • Biome Chaparral
  • Terrain bordering desert shrub land
  • Natural burning season spurs seed growth.

Chaparral
6
  • Marine Otter
  • normal otter shape, except tail is short
  • populations are very small and isolated
  • feed on fish, crabs, mollusks
  • found on rocky coasts from Peru down to Chile
    (Pacific Ocean)
  • extinction caused by over hunting for fur,
    habitat destroyed because of new settlements,
    homes and water sports, water pollution from
    mines, over fishing of otters prey, and
    contagious diseases from animals.

7
Iquique, Chile
  • May 21, Naval Battle of Iquique, celebrate with
    yacht races, festivities, barbeques, parades,
    speeches
  • Unofficial capital of Northern Chile
  • Largest Commercial Ports in South America
  • There has been an attempt at democracy in the
    past 2 years that has ended in disaster, the
    police open fired on workers

Now were here!
8
Iquiques Biome
  • Location 2013S, 7010W
  • Climate dry climate zone
  • Biome Desert
  • Climate effected by on the downwind side of
    mountains.
  • Temperature is lower in the winter. Drastic
    temperature land at night.

Desert
9
Andean Cat
  •  lives in Andean plateaus (northern Chile,
    southern Peru, southwest Bolivia and northwest
    Argentina) in higher altitudes up to 16,500 ft.
  • not clear whether rarity of Andean Cat is natural
    phenomenon or result of human actions
  • hunting the Andean Cat is possibly carried out to
    protect local cattle
  • habitat destruction does not apply because there
    have been no significant change in land
  • the extinction of the chinchillas (caused by
    hunting for their furs) has had disastrous
    results on the Andean Cat

10
CLICK
Bolivia
Location- Central South America, southwest of
Brazil Climate humid and tropical to cold and
semiarid (dependent on altitude) Natural
resources tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc,
tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold,
timber, hydropower Natural hazards flooding in
the northeast during March-April Environment
issues demand for tropical timber, increase for
agriculture, soil erosion, loss of biodiversity
industrial pollution of water Environmental
international agreements Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous
Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical
Timber, Wetlands
11
La Paz, Bolivia
  • Census of 2001, population of around one million
  • Capital in every respect of Bolivia
  • Center of the more than 2.3 million Aymarians
    (Natives that later melded with the well known
    Incas)
  • Holds the worlds highest golf course, making
    each swing more powerful
  • Very strong in superstition, to the point of
    having streets filled with witch peddlers

Now were here!
12
La Pazs Biome
  • Location1630S, 688W
  • Biome Mountain Alpine Tundra
  • Climate highland climate zone
  • Climate effect by broad deciduous plateaus
  • Temperature Winter average is 59 F, Summer
    average is 72 F
  • Dry winters, daily summer rain

Alpine
13
  • Vicuna
  • Climbs and is found in high altitudes, over
    13,130 ft.
  • feeds on roots, grass, lichens and moss
  • is rare because indiscriminate hunting by man for
    their beautiful wool to sell to foreign tourists
  • hunting started during the Spanish colonial
    period
  • during the last century government countries have
    tried to protect it by creating reserves in
    national parks

14
Volcan Misti, Bolivia
  • Location 332616S, 703902W
  • This volcano has been dormant for many decades.
  • If it were to erupt, the country would be
    devastated as it holds the second largest city at
    the bottom.
  • There is an extremely fertile valley at the
    bottom of the Volcano.
  • This land has been disputed over to the point
    that some internet atlases still list the Volcano
    as being located in Peru.

15
Alerce Tree
  • found in southern Chile, on coastal mountain
    range
  • found in temperate forests in a high seasonal
    rainfall
  • wood of the tree is valuable because it is
    durable but light
  • can be used to make many things such as furniture
    and ship masts
  • lumbering caused tree to become endangered
  • Cutting trees was prohibited, however still
    declining on the coast
  • so the direct cause is unclear
  • research is being done for ways to restore trees

16
CLICK
Peru
Climate tropical on east, desert on west
Natural resources copper, silver, gold, iron,
petroleum, timber, fish, coal, hydropower,
natural gas Natural hazards earthquakes,
tsunamis, flooding, landslides, small
volcanoes Environment issues deforestation,
overgrazing, soil erosion, desertification, air
and water pollution Environmental international
agreements Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Tropical Timber, Wetlands, Whaling
17
Lima, Peru
  • As with other major cities in South America, this
    city is having problems dealing with the rapid
    increase in its urban centers.
  • Lima is an extraordinary place to be a tourist as
    it has been a major urban center since January
    18, 1535
  • Lima has more than five institutions that have
    been recognized by the UNESCO World Heritage site

Now were here!
18
Limas Biome
  • Location 332616S, 703902W
  • Biome Temperate Deciduous Forest
  • Climate spring-like year round
  • Temperature Avg. temp in June is 65 F, January
    73 F. Humidity reaches 90 percent from June to
    November.

Deciduous Forest
19
Mountain Tapir
  • lives in moist mountainous forest at 6,600 to
    14,800 ft.
  • feed on plant shoots, small shrubs and fern
    leaves
  • vulnerable because of habitat destruction, has
    been hunted for meat and sport
  • majority found in Ecuador but also in Colombia
    and Peru
  • protection include restriction of exports from
    countries where animals live

20
CLICK
Ecuador
Climate tropical along coast, temperature cools
as altitudes rises. Natural resources
petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower Environment
issues deforestation, soil erosion,
desertification, water pollution Environmental
international agreements Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous
Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Tropical Timber, Wetlands
21
Guayaquil, Ecuador
  • Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Santiago de
    Guayaquil is the official name, shortened to
    Guayaquil
  • Founded by the Spanish
  • Devote Christians
  • Holidays such as Christmas and Easter become
    national holidays
  • Known for its art and the institutions which hold
    the famous pieces.

Now were here!
22
Guayaquils Biome
  • Location 325S, 7996W
  • Biome Tropical Deciduous Forest
  • Climate December to April, is hot and humid up
    to 35º C. Rest of year, cooler with temp 20-25 C.

Deciduous Forest
23
  • Toucan Barbet
  • often captured in wild
  • difficult to observe because lives deep in forest
  • lives in western Andes, Colombia and northwest
    Ecuador (forests of subtropical and temperate
    zones)
  • size of population is unknown
  • declining in distribution areas that are also
    reachable to humans
  • rarely protected, however small part of
    distribution fall within nature reserves or
    national parks

24
CLICK
Venezuela
Climate tropical, hot, humid, moderate highlands
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, iron
ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower,
diamonds Natural Hazards floods, rockslides,
mudslides periodic droughts Environment issues
sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia oil and
urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo
deforestation soil degradation urban and
industrial pollution Environmental
international agreements Antarctic Treaty,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life
Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Tropical Timber, Wetlands
25
Maracaibo, Venezuela
  • Capital of Venezuela
  • Second largest population center
  • At first it was isolated as it was too swampy to
    use land transportation.
  • Developed separate holidays and customs than the
    rest of the country
  • Extremely stable economically and politically
    despite the vast amounts of oil present in the
    area
  • Although Venezuela is a dictatorship, Maracaibo
    tends to have less harsh laws based on still
    being fairly isolated.

Now were here!
26
Maracaibos Biome
  • Location 1056N, 7173W
  • Biome Tropical Savanna (areas of open grassland
    with very few trees)
  • Climate In the dry season temp are either hot or
    cool. In the wet season temp are warm.
  • Up to 50 inches of rain in wet season

Savanna
27
  • Spectacled Caiman
  • lives in pools, lakes, springs, swamps
  • skin color change serves to camouflage from
    predators and help approach prey, also for
    thermal defense
  • feed on aquatic animals, snakes, lizards
  • humans are its main enemy because eggs are sent
    to US for as pets
  • protected from hunting and capturing in Peru,
    Colombia

28
Human Impacts
  • Increasing populations in developing countries
    push urbanization into natural areas.
  • Farming
  • Cattle raising
  • Infringes on animals habitat
  • Primary causes of biodiversity loss
  • Rapid population growth
  • Poverty
  • Industrialization
  • Exploit of government policies
  • Exports to developed countries
  • Failure to include ecological services
  • Secondary causes of biodiversity loss
  • Roads
  • Logging
  • Unsustainable farming techniques
  • Cattle ranching
  • Tree plantations
  • Flooding (dams)
  • Mining
  • Oil drilling
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