Operating System Overview

1
Lesson 1
Operating System Fundamentals
Operating System Overview
2
Objectives

• Identify the operating systems role.
• Compare and contrast Windows 98 and Windows 2000
  features.
• Navigate the Windows Desktop environment.
• Identify options for launching command-line
  utilities.

3
Operating System Components

• System kernel
• Device drivers
• User interface
• Application environment

4
Common Operating Systems

• Microsoft operating systems
• MS-DOS
• Windows 3.x
• Windows 9x
• Windows NT/2000
• Windows XP

• Non-Microsoft operating systems
• OS/2
• UNIX
• Linux
• NetWare

5
Windows 95 Features

• Pre-emptive multitasking
• MS-DOS/Windows 3.x application support
• Network/dial-up communication support
• Long file names
• Context-sensitive menus
• Windows Explorer
• Microsoft Exchange client
• Multimedia support
• Print performance
• Plug and Play support

6
Windows 98 Additional Features

• Win32 Driver Model
• Additional hardware support
• Improved management tools
• Desktop/user interface design changes
• Enhanced multimedia

7
Windows 2000 Features

• Legacy application support
• Active Directory
• Enhanced security
• Integrated network support
• Integrated Internet support
• Scalability and performance enhancements
• File system support
• Management tools

8
Operating System Version
9
Windows 98 Desktop
10
Standard Desktop Icons

• Windows 95 icons
• My Computer
• My Documents
• Internet Explorer
• Network Neighborhood
• Recycle Bin
• Online Services
• Outlook Express
• Connect to Internet

• Windows 98 icons
• My Computer
• My Documents
• Internet Explorer
• My Network Places
• Recycle Bin
• Connect to Internet

11
Start Menu
12
Context-sensitive Menu
13
Online Help System
14
Windows Explorer
15
My Computer
16
Control Panel
17
Start Menu

• Windows Update
• Programs
• Favorites

18
Start Menu

• Windows Update
• Programs
• Favorites
• Documents
• Settings
• Help
• Run
• Logoff
• Shutdown

Not included in the Windows 2000 Start menu.
19
Command Prompt
20
Lesson 2
Operating System Fundamentals
Installation and Upgrade
21
Objectives

• Prepare a computer for operating system
  installation.
• Identify Windows 9x installation requirements.
• Install Windows 98.
• Identify Windows 2000 installation requirements
  by product version.
• Install Windows 2000 Professional to support a
  dual-boot configuration.

22
System Requirements

• Installation requirements
• To be able to install the operating system
• Operational requirements
• To run necessary applications and manipulate data
  files

23
Windows 9x Installation Requirements
24
Windows 9x Installation

• System preparation
• System check
• Information collection
• Configuration information
• File copy
• Operating system file copy
• Final Setup and configuration
• Hardware and custom configuration settings

25
Windows 9x Setup Options

• Typical
• Portable
• Compact
• Custom

26
Windows 9x Upgrade Options

• MS-DOS
• Upgrade to Windows 9x not supported
• Windows 3.x
• Upgrade to Windows 95 or Windows 98
• Windows 95
• Upgrade to Windows 98

27
Windows 2000 Installation Requirements
28
Windows 2000 Installation

• System preparation
• Verify installation requirements
• Information gathering
• Installation information
• File copy
• Copy operating system files
• Graphic mode
• Install hardware support and configure operating
  system

29
Windows 2000 Upgrade

• MS-DOS Windows 3.x
• Cannot upgrade to Windows 2000
• Windows 9x
• Upgrade to Windows 2000 Professional
• Windows NT Workstation (3.51 and later)
• Upgrade to Windows 2000 Professional
• Windows NT Server (3.51 and later)
• Upgrade to Windows 2000 Server

30
Lesson 3
Operating System Fundamentals
Operating System Fundamentals
31
Objectives

• Identify legacy (MS-DOS and Windows 3.1)
  operating system files.
• Identify Windows 9x operating system files.
• Identify Windows 2000 operating system files.
• Boot a Windows 9x system into normal operation
  and Safe modes.
• Boot a Windows 2000 system into normal operation
  and Safe modes.
• Create an emergency boot disk for a specified
  operating system.
• Use Windows 9x and Windows 2000 utilities to
  manage system memory

32
Legacy Operating System Files

• MS-DOS
• Io.sys
• Msdos.sys
• Command.com
• Himem.sys
• Emm386.sys
• Config.sys
• Autoexec.bat

• Windows 3.x
• Win.com
• Krnl286.exe
• Krnl386.exe
• User.exe
• Gdi.exe
• Initialization files

33
Windows 9x System Files

• Io.sys
• Msdos.sys
• Command.com
• Himem.sys
• Ifshlp.sys
• Dblspace.bin
• Drvspace.bin
• Config.sys
• Autoexec.bat
• Win.ini
• System.ini

• Win.com
• Vmm32.vxd
• Krnl386.exe
• Kernel32.dll
• Gdi.exe
• Gdi32.dll
• User.exe
• User32.dll
• Bootlog.txt
• User.dat
• System.dat

34
Windows 9x Shutdown Options

• Standby
• Shut down
• Restart
• Restart in MS-DOS mode

35
Windows 9x Safe Mode
36
Windows 9x Safe Mode Options

• Normal
• Logged (\BOOTLOG.TXT)
• Safe mode
• Step-by-step confirmation
• Command prompt only
• Safe mode command prompt only
• Previous version of MS-DOS

37
Windows 2000 System Files

• Ntldr
• Ntdetect.com
• Ntbootdd.sys
• Boot.ini
• Bootsect.dos
• Ntoskrnl.exe

38
Windows 2000 Shutdown Options

• Log off user
• Shut down
• Restart

39
Windows 2000 Safe Mode
40
Windows 2000 Safe Mode Options

• Safe Mode
• Safe Mode with Networking
• Safe Mode with Command Prompt
• Enable Boot Logging
• Enable VGA Mode

• Last known good configuration
• Directory Services Restore Mode
• Debugging Mode
• Boot Normally
• Return to OS choices menu

41
Virtual Memory Management

• Paging file size
• Paging file location
• Hard disk optimization
• Multiple paging files

42
Virtual Memory Management
Windows 9x
43
Virtual Memory Management
Windows 2000
44
Emergency Boot Disk
Windows 98
45
Emergency Boot Disk
Windows 2000

• Format disk
• Copy system files
• Ntldr
• Ntdetect.com
• Boot.ini
• Copy SCSI driver (if needed)
• Ntbootdd.sys

46
Lesson 4
Operating System Fundamentals
Device Management
47
Objectives

• Identify the role of device drivers.
• Compare and contrast Windows 95 and Windows
  98/Windows 2000 device drivers.
• Given a device type, describe the device
  configuration procedures.
• Install and configure a printer on a Windows 98
  system.
• Install and configure a printer on a Windows 2000
  system.

48
Device Configuration

• Automatic detection
• Manufacturer setup
• Add New Hardware Add/Remove Hardware
• Device specific utility

49
Windows 9x Device Selection
50
Windows 9x Device Management
51
Windows 9x Resource Assignments
52
Windows 2000 Device Selection
53
Windows 2000 Device Management
54
Windows 2000 Resource Assignments
55
Windows 2000 Hardware Properties
56
Driver Signing Options
57
Windows 9x Local Printer Installation

• Launch Add Printer wizard
• Select Local printer
• Select manufacturer and model
• Select port
• Enter name
• Print test page

58
Windows 2000 Local Printer Installation

• Launch Add Printer wizard
• Select Local printer
• Search or select printer
• Printer port
• Manufacturer and model
• Enter printer name
• Print test page

59
Printer Management
60
Lesson 5
Operating System Fundamentals
Disk Management
61
Objectives
(Part 1)

• Define the terms disk, partition and volume.
• Partition and format a hard disk.
• Describe the characteristics of the following
  file systems
• FAT
• FAT32
• HPFS
• NTFS version 4
• NTFS version 5

62
Objectives
(Part 2)

• Describe the importance of defragmenting a hard
  drive
• Defragment hard drives in Windows 95, Windows 98
  and Windows 2000.
• Manage a hard disk in Windows 9x.
• Manage a hard disk in Windows 2000.
• Back up and restore data in Windows 9x.
• Back up and restore data in Windows 2000.

63
Backup Methods
64
Fdisk Options

• Create DOS partition or logical DOS drive
• Set active partition
• Delete partition or logical DOS drive
• Display partition information

65
Windows 2000
Disk Management
66
File Systems
67
MS-DOS/Windows 9x Format
68
Windows 98 Format
69
Windows 2000 Format
70
Fragmentation
71
Windows 9x Disk Defragmenter
72
Windows 2000 Disk Defragmenter
73
Windows 9x Disk Management

• ScanDisk
• Disk Cleanup
• Drive Converter
• Backup
• Maintenance Wizard
• Task Scheduler

74
Selecting Backup Items
75
Windows 2000 Disk Management

• Chkdsk
• Disk Cleanup
• Task Scheduler
• Backup

76
Select Backup Items
77
Lesson 6
Operating System Fundamentals
File, Directory and Application Management
78
Objectives
(Part 1)

• Describe file management procedures.
• Use Windows Explorer to manage folder options.
• User Windows Explorer to copy and move files.
• Compress files to conserve disk space.
• Use Encrypting File System to secure files in
  Windows 2000

79
Objectives
(Part 2)

• List standard and advanced file attributes.
• Modify standard file attributes.
• Configure and manage non-Windows applications.
• Configure and manage Windows applications.

80
Folder Hierarchy
81
Windows 98
Windows Folder Subfolders
82
Windows 2000
Documents and Settings Folder
83
Common File Extensions
84
Windows Explorer
85
Windows 98 Folder Options
86
Windows 2000 Folder Options
87
Copy, Move and Shortcut

• Copy
• CTRL drag-and-drop
• Default with different source/destination drives
• Move
• SHIFT drag-and-drop
• Default when same source/destination drives
• Shortcut
• CTRL SHIFT drag-and-drop
• Never default

88
Windows 98 File Attributes
89
Windows 2000 File Attributes
FAT File System
90
Windows 2000 File Attributes
NTFS File System
91
Command Line File Utilities
92
Supported Application Types

• MS-DOS
• 16-bit applications
• Preemptive multitasking
• Win16 (Windows 3.x)
• 16-bit applications
• Cooperative multitasking
• Win32 (Native Windows 9x/Windows 2000)
• 32-bit applications
• Preemptive multitasking

93
Add/Remove Programs
Windows 9x
94
Add/Remove Programs
Windows 2000
95
Lesson 7
Operating System Fundamentals
Networking
96
Objectives

• Identify the role of protocols in network
  communication.
• Compare and contrast common local area network
  (LAN) protocols.
• Compare and contrast Windows family network
  security models.
• Configure a Windows 9x system and a Windows 2000
  system to support network communication.
• Share local system resources to a network.

97
Network Software Components

• Operating system
• Network adapter driver
• Communication protocol(s)
• Client software

98
Network Security Models

• Workgroup
• All current Windows family
• Client/server
• Novell NetWare 3.x and earlier
• Domain-based
• Windows NT Server
• Directory-based
• Novell NetWare 4.0 and later
• Windows 2000 Server

99
Common Protocols

• NetBEUI
• Non-routable
• Legacy network support
• NWLink (IPX/SPX)
• Routable
• Novell NetWare support
• TCP/IP
• Routable
• Current standard and Internet support

100
TCP/IP Suite

• Internet protocol (IP)
• Transmission control protocol (TCP)
• Address resolution protocol (ARP)
• Reverse address resolution protocol (RARP)
• Telnet
• Ping
• Tracert/Traceroute
• Ipconfig/Winipcfg

101
TCP/IP Services

• Domain name system (DNS) service
• DNS name resolution
• Windows Internet name service (WINS)
• NetBIOS name resolution
• Dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP)
  service
• Automated TCP/IP host configuration

102
Ping Results
103
Tracert in Progress
104
Windows 98 Network Utility
105
Windows 98
Microsoft Client Properties
106
Windows 98
TCP/IP Address Properties
107
Windows 98
Winipcfg
108
Windows 98
File Sharing Properties
109
Windows 98
Printer Sharing Properties
110
Windows 2000
Network and Dial-up Connections
111
Windows 2000
Connection Properties
112
Windows 2000
TCP/IP Properties
113
Windows 2000
File Sharing Properties
114
Windows 2000
Printer Sharing Properties
115
Lesson 8
Operating System Fundamentals
Internet Access
116
Objectives

• Identify Internet technologies and protocols.
• Identify Internet services.
• Configure a Windows family system to support
  dial-up Internet access.
• Identify common browsers.

117
Key Internet Terms

• Dial-up access
• Domain name system (DNS)
• Electronic file transfer
• File transfer protocol (FTP)
• Firewall
• Hypermedia
• Hypertext markup language (HTML)

• Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
• Ping
• Proxy server
• Request for comments (RFC)
• Spam
• Uniform resource locator (URL)
• Internet (Web) browser
• World Wide Web

118
Internet Services

• World Wide Web
• FTP
• Electronic mail (e-mail) service
• DNS servers

119
Sample Web Page
120
Configuration Fundamentals

• Install and configure a modem
• Required for dial-up access
• Most modems are now plug-and-play
• Configure a remote connection
• ISP connection
• Configuration settings provided by ISP

121
Windows 98
Modem Properties
122
Windows 98
Dialing Properties
123
Windows 98
Connection Properties
124
Windows 98
Server Type Properties
125
Windows 98
TCP/IP Settings
126
Windows 98
Remote Connection
127
Windows 2000
Location Dialing Rules
128
Windows 2000
Modem Properties
129
Windows 2000
Network Connection Types
130
Windows 2000
Connection Properties
131
Windows 2000
Network Properties
132
Windows 2000
Remote Connection
133
Microsoft Internet Explorer
134
Netscape Navigator
135
Lesson 9
Operating System Fundamentals
Troubleshooting
136
Objectives

• Describe basic troubleshooting guidelines.
• Suggest corrective measures for common error
  messages, operating system failures and common
  application failures.
• Identify and suggest corrective actions for
  printer and print spool failures.

137
Software Failures

• Operating system
• Operating system components
• Applications
• Data

138
Troubleshooting Tools

• Boot diskette
• Anti-virus diskette
• Emergency repair diskette (ERD)
• Current software versions
• Software updates
• References

139
No Operating System

• Operating system corrupted
• Master boot record (MBR) corrupted
• Operating system files missing
• Hard disk or controller failure

140
Device Driver Not Loaded

• Device driver corrupted
• Device driver deleted
• Device configuration changes
• Device driver configuration changes
• Device failure

141
Windows 9x Startup Errors

• Himem.sys not loaded
• Missing or corrupted Himem.sys
• Bad or missing Command.com
• Error in Config.sys

142
Windows 2000 Startup and Recovery
143
Standard Event Logs

• Application
• Security
• System

144
Event Viewer
145
Emergency Repair Diskette Checks

• Startup environment
• System file verification
• Boot partition inspection
• Registry file check

146
Windows 2000 Backup Utility
147
Windows 98 Dr. Watson Configuration
148
Windows 2000 Dr. Watson Configuration
149
Printer Quick Checks

• Printer turned off
• Printer offline or not ready
• Printer out of paper
• Printer out of ink or toner
• Paper jam
• Loose printer cable

150
Common Printer Errors

• Document has not printed
• Document stuck in print queue
• Printer not available
• Garbaged print
• Memory overflow errors

151
Windows 9x
Printer Driver Selection
152
Windows 2000
Printer Driver Selection
153
Windows 9x
Spool Settings
154
Windows 2000
Spool Settings
155
Printers Troubleshooter
156
Virus Types

• Boot sector
• File infection
• Macro
• Trojan horse
• Mail

157
Management Utilities

• Attrib
• Automatic skip driver (ASD)
• Computer Management
• Copy
• Xcopy/Xcopy32
• Drive Converter
• Convert
• Defrag
• Dir
• Edit

• Notepad
• Expand/Extract
• Hwinfo
• Mem
• Mscdex
• Msconfig
• Scanreg
• Sysedit
• System Information
• Ver
• Wscript

158
Windows 2000 Computer Management
159
System Information