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VOCATIONAL COUNSELLING -

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Title: VOCATIONAL COUNSELLING -


1
Counseling in vocational setting
  • Presented by
  • Tinu Tomy
  • MSc.Psychology

2
  • Vocational/career counseling is a specialty that
    helps individuals discover for themselves careers
    and jobs that match their interests, personal
    traits, skills, and values. Trained
    vocational/career counselors work to help the
    individual integrate life and career for the
    highest satisfaction of goals and needs.

3
Characteristic of career counselling
  • Volition and choice
  • Suitability
  • Preparation
  • On going development
  • Social and personal development

4
Conceptual framework
  • Person environment fit theories
  • Developmental theories
  • Opportunity structure theories
  • Career management theories

5
Person environment fit theories
  • Earliest theory of occupational choice was that
    of Parson (1909). His work consisted of 3
    propositions
  • People are different from each other
  • so are jobs
  • It should be possible, by a study of both, to
    achieve a match between person and job

6
  • Seven point plan by Rogers(1952)
  • Physical make up
  • Attainment
  • General intelligence
  • Special aptitude
  • Interest
  • Disposition
  • Circumstances

7
Occupational choice theory of John Holland(1997)
  • Theory states that
  • People and occupational environment can be
    categorized into six interest type
  • Realistic
  • Investigative
  • Artistic
  • Social
  • Enterprising
  • conventional

8
  • 2.Occupational choice is the result of attempt to
    achieve congruence between interest and
    environment.
  • 3.Congruence results from job satisfaction and
    stability

9
Developmental theories
  • Original stage theory of Donald Super(1957)
    portrayed career development as proceeding
    through five stages
  • Growth
  • Exploration- crystallization, specification,
    implementation
  • Establishment- stabilizing, consolidating,
    advancing
  • Maintenance- holding updating and innovating
  • Disengagement- declaration, retirement planning,
    retirement living

10
Opportunity structure theories (Ken Roberts-1997)
  • If we accept the influence of social and
    opportunity structure on occupational entry , one
    obvious role of guidance is to attempt to
    lubricate the mechanism through which individual
    become allocated to jobs.
  • Roberts more recent works shows that while life
    chances still become depended as ever on social
    class background and educational attainment,
    young peoples biographies have become more
    individualized and their future more uncertain
    as they experience more diversity in their
    employment pattern.

11
Career management theories
  • In Britain Herriot and Pemberton (1996) proposed
    a model which defines organizational career as
    the repeated negotiation of the psychological
    contract based on perceived match between the
    wants of each party(the individual the
    employer) and the other has to offer. Two kinds
    of contract result from these negotiation
    transaction, where there is simply an
    instrumental exchange between parties and
    rational where mutual commitment is implied.

12
Career development theory (Kid 1998)
  • Components
  • Career decision making- relating self and
    opportunity awareness
  • Career management- identity clarification and
    meta skills
  • ongoing assessment of values and skills
  • monitoring and exploring self and situation
  • negotiating
  • Career resilience- aptitude and emotion
  • confidence , hope, emotion flexibility, self
    esteem, self reliance

13
Career counseling process
  • Building the relationship
  • Enabling clients self understanding
  • Exploring new perspectives
  • Forming strategies and plans
  • Evaluation of effectiveness of career works

14
Principles of career counselling
  • Effective counseling addresses the both normative
    aspects of counseling as well as non-normative
    influences
  • Career counseling goes beyond the identification
    of career for which young people may be suitable.
    it also facilitates career preparation. Career
    preparation has 3 facets
  • skills for decision making and taking personal
    responsibility.
  • Skill literacy
  • Career development bridge

15
  • Effective career counseling is tailored to suit
    the needs of the client
  • Effective career counseling addresses career
    beliefs that influence the career preparation
    process.
  • Effective career counseling provides input that
    would enhance career preparation self efficacy

16
Counseling targets
  • One aspect of counseling addresses the needs of
    those who are already in distress and manifesting
    the symptoms of emotional and mental upheaval.
  • Second aspect is the prevention of emotional
    distress and promotion of personal effectiveness
    in clearly defined areas.

17
Skills for career counselling
  • Basic skills
  • IPR
  • Empathetic understanding
  • Unconditional acceptance
  • Providing an environment within which he she can
    discover himself/ herself

18
  • Career counseling relationship should help the
    career aspirants to deal with the following
    career development skills
  • Identify personal interest and aptitude
  • Understand personal beliefs and attitudes
  • Learn about the world of work
  • Match personal profile with the world of work
  • Make career choices
  • Develop and implement career plan

19
Career counseling for individuals
  • Stages
  • The initiation stage
  • The implementation stage
  • closure

20
Career couselling in groups
  • Pre intervention stage
  • Implementation stage
  • Evaluation

21
THANK YOU
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