TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS - RADHIKA - COUNSELLING

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TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

• DONE BY
• RADHIKA MENON

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ERIC BERNE(1910-1970)

• BOOKS
• THE MIND IN ACTION(1947)
• BERNES GAMES PEOPLE PLAY(1964)
• A LAYMANS GUIDE TO PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOANALYSIS
• TA IN PSYCHOTHERAPY(1961)
• THE PSYCHOLOGY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIP(1964)
• THE PRINCIPLE OF GROUP TREATMENT(1966)

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BASIC CONCEPTS OF TA

• TA was developed by Eric Berne(1961)
• A theory of personality and psychotherapy for
  personal growth and personal change.
• It is an integrative approach that includes
  psychoanalytic, cognitive and hunanistic.
• It gives a picture of how people are structured
  or organized psychologically.
• It helps to analyse or understand individuals,
  relationship and communications.
• It focus on the concept that every individual
  have their own choices in life.
• It is used in every field for treatment of
  psychological disorders.
• TA is a Neo-Freudian theory and is influenced by
  Freuds id ,ego and superego.

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PHILOSOPHY OF TA

• People are ok thus each person has validity,
  importance and responsibility.
• Everyone has capacity to think and want to get
  freedom from maladaptations.
• People decide their destiny and make decisions.
• TA is goal oriented.

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METHODS OF TA

• STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
• TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
• GAME ANALYSIS
• SCRIPT ANALYSIS
• SOCIAL CONTROL

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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

• EGO STATE It is a set of related behaviours,
  thoughts and feelings. They are
• PARENT EGO STATE(EXTEROPSYCHE)
• ADULT EGO STATE(NEOPSYCHE)
• CHILD EGO STATE(ARCHEOPSYCHE) The
  way of understanding ego state are
• BEHAVIOURAL DIAGNOSIS
• SOCIAL DIAGNOSIS
• HISTORICAL DIAGNOSIS
• PHENOMENOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS

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LIFE POSITIONS

• I am ok, Youre ok
• I am ok, Youre not ok
• I am not ok, Youre ok
• I am not ok, youre not ok
  EFFECTIVE MODES
• NURTURING
• STRUCTURING
• COOPERATIVE
• PLAYFUL
  
  INEFFECTIVE MODES
• CRITICIZING
• OVER INDULGING OR INCONSISTENT
• RESISTANT
• IMMATURE

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PSYCHOPATHOLOGIES OF EGO STATES

• STRUCTURAL PATHOLOGY
• EXCLUSION
• CONTAMINATION
• FUNCTIONAL PATHOLOGY
  Fluctuation from one ego state to another.

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TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

• Transactions are flow of communication, and more
  specifically the unspoken psychological flow of
  communication that runs in parallel. It requires
  both surface and non verbal learning. In short,
  it is a unit of measure in interpersonal
  relationship. It consists of transactional
  stimulus and transactional response.
• Strokes are unit of recognition, attention or
  responsiveness that one person gives another.

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TYPES OF TRANSACTIONS

• RECIPROCAL TRANSACTION
• CROSSED TRANSACTION
• ULTERIOR TRANSACTION

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GAME ANALYSIS

• WAYS OF TIME STRUCTURING
• WITHDRAWAL
• RITUALS
• PASTIMES
• ACTIVITIES
• GAMES
• INTIMACY
  
  The objective of game analysis is the freedom
  to choose what games to play, how far to go, whom
  to play with, and when not to play.

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SCRIPT ANALYSIS

• Scripts are life plans. It is decisional, that is
  decided upon in childhood and responsive, that
  is respond to perceptions of the world.
• Script analysis determine how one interacts with
  others, are based on interpretations of external
  events.

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TECHNIQUES

• TREATMENT CONTRACT
• INTERROGATION
• SPECIFICATION
• CONFRONTATION
• EXPLANATION
• ILLUSTRATION
• CONFIRMATION
• INTERPRETATION
• CRYSTALLISATION

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GOALS

• Identify and restore damaged ego states.
• Develop the capacity to use all ego states.
• Use adult ego state with its reasoning powers.
• Alter inappropriate life scripts.
• Adopt a life position I am ok, Youre ok

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MERITS

• It is goal oriented.
• It is a way to understand yourself and others.
• It is easily and effectively combined with other
  theories.
• The terms are clearly defined and understood.
• It helps to increase self awareness and to solve
  problems.

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LIMITATIONS

• It does not emphasize the authenticity of the
  counsellor.
• It did not develop much after Bernes death.
• It is less effective.
• It did not bring anything new and it is very
  confusing.

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THANK YOU