Semantic Web Application: Music Retrieval

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Semantic Web Application Music Retrieval

• Ying Ding
• SLIS, IU

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What is the Semantic Web?

• An extension of the current Web in which
  information is given well-defined meaning, better
  enabling computers and people to work in
  cooperation.
• Sir Tim Berners-Lee et al., Scientific American,
  2001 tinyurl.com/i59p

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Semantic Web -- Web 3.0

• How to realize that
• machine-understandable semantics of information,
  and
• millions of small specialized reasoning services
  that provide support in automated task
  achievement based on the accessible information

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The current (syntactic / structural) Web
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Was the Web meant to be more?
Hyperlinks typed hyperlinks Document - data
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Ontology

• The semantic Web is essentially based on
  ontologies
• ontologies are formal and consensual
  specifications of conceptualizations
• providing a shared and common understanding of a
  domain that can be communicated across people and
  application systems

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Metadata and Semantics
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Semantic Web - Language tower
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What is Semantic Web for?

• Integrating - trying to solve the problem of data
  and service integration
• Searching - Providing better communication
  between human and computers by adding
  machine-processable semantics to data.
• Form keyword search ? data search ? query answer

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What is current Semantic Web effort?

• Lifting document web to data web
• Weaving the data web through semantic links
  (types hyperlinks)

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Bubbles in April 2008
2B RDF triples Around 3M RDF links
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• http//www.elec.qmul.ac.uk/easaier/

Enabling Access to Sound Archives through
Integration, Enrichment and Retrieval
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The EASAIER Project

• EASAIER - Enabling Access to Sound Archives
  through Integration, Enrichment and Retrieval
• EU funded project, 30month duration (started May
  2006)?
• Partners

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EASAIER - Goals

• Overcome problems for many digital sound archives
  concerning online access
• sound materials and related media often separate
• searching audio content limited
• EASAIER Framework
• Integration of Sound Archives
• Low level audio feature extraction
  (speech/music)?
• Intelligent User Interface
• Enhanced Access Tools
• looping, marking of audio
• sound source separation
• time and pitch scale modification
• Semantic Search
• Evaluation

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Semantics in EASAIER

• Description of metadata using an ontology
• High-level metadata
• e.g. title, author of an audio asset
• sources are databases, files in e.g. DC, MARC
• Low-level metadata
• e.g. speech event occurs at timestamp xyz
• feature extractor tools
• Semantic Search
• Search across variety of metadata
• Search across multiple archives
• Similarity Search
• Related content acquisition from the Web

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The EASAIER System
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Music Ontology

• Overview
• Merging existing related ontologies
• Developed by QMUL
• Cover the major requirements
• Widely-adopted
• Four core MO components
• FRBR
• FOAF
• Event
• Timeline

http//musicontology.com/
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The Music Ontology Timeline Ontology

• Expressing temporal information, e.g.
• This performance happened the 9th of March, 1984
• This beat is occurring around sample 32480
• The second verse is just before the second chorus

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The Music Ontology Event Ontology

• Event An arbitrary classification of a
  space/time region
• This performance involved Glenn Gould playing the
  piano
• This signal was recorded using a XXX microphone
  located at that particular place
• This beat is occurring around sample 32480

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The Music Ontology FRBR FOAF

• FRBR Functional Requirements for Bibliographic
  Records
• Work e.g. Franz Schubert's Trout Quintet
• Manifestation e.g. the "Nevermind" album
• Item e.g. my "Nevermind" copy

• FOAF Friend of a Friend
• Person
• Group
• Organization

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The Music Ontology Music Production Concepts

• On top of FRBR
• MusicalWork, MusicalManifestation (Record, Track,
  Playlist, etc.), MusicalItem (Stream, AudioFile,
  Vinyl, etc.)?

• On top of FOAF
• MusicArtist, MusicGroup, Arranger, Engineer,
  Performer, Composer, etc. all these are defined
  classes every person involved in a performance
  is a a performer...

• On top of the Event Ontology
• Composition, Arrangement, Performance, Recording

• Others
• Signal, Score, Genre, Instrument, ReleaseStatus,
  Lyrics, Libretto, etc.

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The Music Ontology Music Production Workflow
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Metadata in RDF

• Low-level metadata is output in RDF using Music
  Ontology
• Audio Feature extractor
• Speech recognition service
• Emotion detection service
• High-level metadata import
• DB Schema Mapping
• e.g. D2R, Virtuoso RDF Views
• Standardized Metadata import
• DC, MARC, METS, ...
• Linked Data ?
• DBPedia, Geonames, ...

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Use Case Archive Publication - HOTBED
Publishing
Extending
Hotbed Database
Music Ontology
Instruments Taxonomy
Querying
Query Interface
the Semantic Archivist
Sound Accesstools
FeaturesExtraction,Visualization,...
Hotbed RDF
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1) editing the ontology

• using WSMT editor to extend the ontology

Graphical Edit
Music Ontology
Text Edit
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2) performing tests on the new extension

• What are the instruments in my taxonomy ?
• Did i forget any kind of pipe ?

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3)mapping Scottish Instruments to a general
Instruments taxonomy
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4) relating and publishing Hotbed

• Relate tables from hotbed to concepts from the MO
• Publish on the semantic web via the D2R tool

Mapping
Music Ontology
Hotbed Database
RDF Publicationvia D2R tool

• The server offers a SPARQL end-point for external
  apps

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Mapping Metadata to the Music Ontologies
music a moSignal dctitle "File 2"
dcauthor "Oliver Iredale Searle"
music-performance a moPerformance
morecorded_as music mocomposer
OliverIredaleSearle moinstrument moflute
moperformer KatiePunter mobpm 50
mometer "4/4" mokey BFlatMajor. KatiePunt
er a foafPerson . ss1 a afPersonPlaying afpe
rson KatiePunter eventtime tlonTimeLine
tl1234 tlbeginsAt "PT0S"
tlduration "PT16S" .
Title File 2 Author Oliver Iredale
Searle Perfomers Katie Punter Source Type
Audio Source File 2 Instrument
Flute Instrument occurrence timings 0"-16" Time
Signature 4/4 Beats per minute 50 Tonality Bb
major
Searle Testbed
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Mapping Metadata to the Music Ontologies
ALL web service output
eveResult audio_material"c/hotbed/performance/1004.wav"
position_sec"10" duration_sec"5"
confidence"89" /
T10S a afText aftext "power" afconfidence
"89" eventtime a timetimeInterval tlon
Timeline /1234 tlbeginsAtDuration "PT10S" tldurati
onXSD "PT5S" .
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Mapping Metadata to the Music Ontologies
Vamp Output

description"Detected Beats" unit"N/A"
0.0928" duration"0" label"224.69 bpm"/

eventtime a timeInstant tlonTimeLine
tl898 tlat "PT0.0928S"
mobpm "224.69"
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RDF Storage and Retrieval Component

• Built on top of OpenRDF Sesame 2.0
• Query interfaces
• Web Service (Servlet)?
• HTTP SPARQL Endpoint
• Web Service provides predefined SPARQL query
  templates
• Themes
• Music, Speech, Timeline, Related media,
  Similarity
• Dynamic FILTER constructs
• Results in SPARQL Query ? Results XML Format
• Interface for RDF metadata import using the
  Archiver application

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Enhanced Client
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Web client
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Related media
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Related media on the web (1)?
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Related media on the web (2)?
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Demo

• http//www.elec.qmul.ac.uk/easaier/index-3.html
• http//easaier.deri.at/demo/

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Demo

• Time and Pitch Scale Modification (demo)
• Sound source separation (demixing/remixing, Noice
  reduction, etc.) (demo)
• Video time stretching (to slow down or speed up
  images while retaining optimal sound) (demo)

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Scenario 1 Artist Search

• Aggregation of music artist information from
  multiple web sources
• Ontology based search
• MusicBrainz data mapped to the MusicOntology
• MusicBrainz Web Service
• allows to retrieve artist URI by literal based
  search
• MusicBrainz RDF Dump
• retrieve RDF
• use SPARQL to perform queries (e.g. resolve
  relationships)
• Web2.0 Mashups
• Retrieve data (videos, images) from external
  sources
• utilize RSS Feeds, APIs etc. from Youtube,
  LyricWiki, Google
• more accurate results using references from
  MusicBrainz RDF data

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Scenario 1 Artist Search
WS Interface
Beatles


process data...
RDF Dump
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Scenario 1 Artist Search
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Scenario 1 Artist Search
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Scenario 2 Instrument Reasoning

• Reasoning over HOTBED instrument scheme
• Ontologize data from HOTBED (Scottish Music
  Archive)
• Usage of D2R to lift data from legacy DBs to RDF
• Ontologies
• MusicOntology
• Instrument Ontology (domain related taxonomy)
• Subsumption reasoning
• Retrieve instrument tree
• Search for persons that play an instrument
• Subclass relations resolve persons playing more
  specific instruments
• Example Wind-Instrument

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Scenario 2 Instrument Reasoning

• Example
• Search for people playing instrument of type
  Woodwind

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Demo 3 Rules

• Infer new knowledge with rules
• Domain Rule
• Sophisticated Query
• Albums based on certain Band/Artist/Instrument
• UseCase The Velvet Underground discography
• Available information
• Membership durations
• Album release dates
• Founders of the band ?
• exist _artist, ,
  
• forall ?x, , onDuration, ?time
• ?
• Albums corresponding members

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Demo 3 Rules
Basic Information
Band Founder
Band Duration (Members Albums)
Album Tracks
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Thanks

• Contact
• Ying Ding
• LI029
• [phone]
• dingying_at_indiana.edu