Gallstones - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Gallstones

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Gallstones (choleliths) are lumps of hard material (hardened liquid bile) that ... is when the gallbladder is surgically removed through a tiny incision at the navel. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Gallstones


1
Gallstones
  • By Erfu Wang,
  • Kaesh Chowdhory,
  • Jae Yoon Chung, and
  • Jun Young Kang

2
What are Gallstones?
  • Gallstones (choleliths) are lumps of hard
    material (hardened liquid bile) that can range
    in size from a grain of sand to a golf ball.
  • Gallstones can be formed anywhere within the
    biliary tract (the path by which bile is secreted
    by the liver on its way to the small intestine).
  • (Caution Next slide contains graphic content.)

3
Types of Gallstones and Causes - I
  • Cholesterol Stones
  • Usually yellow-green in color.
  • Made primarily of hardened cholesterol.
  • Accounts for 80 of gallstones.
  • Usually formed when bile contains too much
    cholesterol, too much bilirubin,
    not enough
    bile salts,
    or when the
    gallbladder does not

    empty itself as it
    should.

4
Types of Gallstones and Causes - II
  • Pigment Stones
  • Small, dark stones made of bilirubin.
  • Tends to develop in people with cirrhosis,
    biliary tract infections, and hereditary blood
    disorders (such as sickle cell anaemia, when too
    much bilirubin is formed).

5
Causes of Gallstones - Cont
6
Causes of Gallstones - Cont
  • Women between 20 and 60 years of age are twice as
    likely to develop gallstones as men.
  • People over age 60 are twice as likely to develop
    gallstones than younger people.
  • Drugs that lower cholesterol levels in blood
    actually increase the amount of cholesterol
    secreted in bile, which can increase the risk of
    gallstones.
  • People with diabetes generally have high levels
    of fatty acids called triglycerides, which
    increase the risk of gallstones.

7
Spotting the Symptoms
  • The symptoms of gallstones usually occurs
    suddenly, and can be in the form of
  • Steady pain in the upper abdomen that increases
    rapidly and can last up to hours.
  • Pain in the back between the shoulder blades.
  • Pain under the right shoulder.
  • Nausea or vomiting.
  • Abdominal bloating.
  • Recurring intolerance of fatty foods.
  • Belching.
  • Gas.
  • Indigestion.

8
Dangers of Gallstones
  • Because gallstones can be formed anywhere within
    the biliary tree, there are many places where it
    can interfere with our system.
  • The obstruction of the common bile duct is
    choledocholithiasis.
  • Obstruction of the outlet of the pancreatic
    exocrine system can cause pancreatitis.
  • Obstruction of the biliary tree can cause
    jaundice.

9
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10
The Anti-Gallstones Drink(s)
  • Studies has shown that men and women who drinks
    five or more cups of coffee a day has a reduced
    risk of developing gallstones.
  • Studies has also shown that consuming two units
    of alcohol a day cuts the chance of developing
    gallstones by a third.
  • Moderate alcohol below recommended limits is
    associated with good health.
  • Professor Chris Hawkey, British Society of
    Gastroenterology

11
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12
Treatment by Surgery
  • There are many ways to remove gallstones. The
    most commonly used method nowadays is removal
    via. laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  • Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is when the
    gallbladder is surgically removed through a tiny
    incision at the navel.
  • There is no incision pain that usually
    accompanies a standard abdominal surgery, and the
    patient will be able to return home on the very
    same day of if not, the day after the surgery.
  • There is also no scarring on the abdomen, since
    the cuts made are very small.

13
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14
Bibliography
  • Miller, Julie. Gallstones. Parkville Surgery
    Patient Info. lthttp//www.parkvillesurgery.com.au/
    gallstones_condition.htmlgt
  • Rodgers, Griffin. Dieting and Gallstones.
    National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and
    Kidney Diseases. lthttp//win.niddk.nih.gov/public
    ations/gallstones.htm gt
  • Aldridge, Susan. Coffee reduces gallstone risk.
    Health and Age. lthttp//www.healthandage.com/Coffe
    e-reduces-gallstone-riskgt
  • Anonymous. Alcohol reduces gallstone risk. BBC
    News. lthttp//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8073844.s
    tmgt
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