Topics For Today

1
Topics For Today

• Connecting the amino acids

2
Topics

• Amines (review)
• Amides (review)
• Nylons (review)
• Amino Acids
• Proteins
• Course Evaluations?

3
Readings for Today

• 11.6 Proteins First among equals
• 11.7 Good nutrition and alternative diets
  Getting enough protein

4
Topics for Wednesday

• Natural Curls?

5
Topics for Wednesday

• How do proteins get their shape?
• Protein Video!

6
Chapter 12

• 12.3 Cracking the chemical code
• (p. 539 on proteins only)

7
Chapter 11

• 5.6 The role of hydrogen bonding  

8
Announcements!
HW 5 due this Thursday!
Psst easy 10 points!
9
Announcements!
NOT here!
Final Exam
Friday, May 18 at 1225 pm in 113 Psychology!
10
Announcements!
Final Exam
Dont forget about the essay!
11
Topics For Today

• Connecting the amino acids

12
Review
Where have we seen polyamides?
13
Manmade
Nylon
Synthetic Silk
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
Flexible and Robust!

• Toothbrush bristles

18
Summary Nylon 6,6
O
H
H
O
N
C
N
(CH2)6
C
(CH2)4
n
Double Acid
Double Amine
Double Acid
Double Amine
AMIDE
AMIDE
AMIDE
AMIDE
AMIDE
19
Natural Polyamides
20
Proteins!
21
Where do we find proteins?
22
Blood
Hemoglobin
23
Muscles
Myoglobin
24
Skin
Collagen
25
Wool
Keratin!
26
Keratin!
Fur and Hair
27
Keratin!
Beaks Feathers Claws Fingernails
28
Proteins are polymers!
Every polymer has a monomer.
29
Amino Acids!

• The monomers of the protein polymer.

And all of them look like
There are about 20 amino acids
30
Amino Acid
THIS!!!
H
O
H
C
C
N
H
OH
R
31
Amino Acid
Functional Group?
H
O
H
C
C
N
H
OH
R
Amine!
32
Amino Acid
Functional Group?
H
O
H
C
C
N
H
OH
R
Amine
Acid
33
Amino Acid
Then how do amino acids differ?
H
O
H
C
C
N
H
OH
R
Can be 1 of 20 (or so) different groups!
34
When RH
EXAMPLE
H
O
H
C
C
N
H
OH
R
35
When RH
EXAMPLE
H
O
H
C
C
N
H
OH
H
Glycine (gly)
36
When RCH3
EXAMPLE
H
O
H
C
C
N
H
OH
R
37
When RCH3
EXAMPLE
H
O
H
C
C
N
H
OH
CH3
Alanine (ala)
38
The R can be about 20 different groups!
39
(No Transcript)
40
Amino Acids
Can we categorize these?

• Glycine (gly) Alanine (Ala) Valine
  (Val)
• Leucine (Leu) Isoleucine (Ile) Proline
  (Pro)
• Tryptophan (Trp) Phenylalanine (Phe)
• Serine (Ser) Threonine (Thr) Tyrosine
  (Tyr)
• Aspartic acid (Asp) Glutamic acid (Glu)
• Asparagine (Asn) Glutamine (Gln)
• Lysine (Lys) Arginine (Arg)
  Histidine(His)
• Cysteine (Cys) Methionine (Met)

41
1st Category of Amino Acids

• a) nonpolar, neutral
• b) polar, neutral
• c) acidic
• d) basic

42
1st Category of Amino Acids

• a) nonpolar, neutral
• b) polar, neutral
• c) acidic
• d) basic

43
Nonpolar, neutral

• The R group is a hydrogen or a hydrocarbon

H
O
H
C
C
N
H
OH
R
44
When RCH3
EXAMPLE
H
O
H
C
C
N
H
OH
CH3
Alanine (ala)
45
When RH
EXAMPLE
H
O
H
C
C
N
H
OH
H
Glycine (gly)
46
Leucine
EXAMPLE
47
Isoleucine
EXAMPLE
48
Nonpolar, neutral

• The R group is a hydrogen or a hydrocarbon

The side chain (R group) is hydrophobic (water
hating)!
49
1st Category of Amino Acids

• a) nonpolar, neutral
• b) polar, neutral
• c) acidic
• d) basic

50
Polar, neutral

• When the R group contains sulfur, an alcohol, or
  is an amide

51
Asparagine
EXAMPLE
52
Glutamine
EXAMPLE
53
Cysteine
EXAMPLE
54
1st Category of Amino Acids

• a) nonpolar, neutral
• b) polar, neutral
• c) acidic
• d) basic

55
Acidic

• When the R group contains a carboxylic acid

56
Amino Acids

• Glycine (gly) Alanine (Ala) Valine
  (Val)
• Leucine (Leu) Isoleucine (Ile) Proline
  (Pro)
• Tryptophan (Trp) Phenylalanine (Phe)
• Serine (Ser) Threonine (Thr) Tyrosine
  (Tyr)
• Aspartic acid (Asp) Glutamic acid (Glu)
• Asparagine (Asn) Glutamine (Gln)
• Lysine (Lys) Arginine (Arg)
  Histidine(His)
• Cysteine (Cys) Methionine (Met)

57
Aspartic acid
EXAMPLE
58
Glutamic acid
EXAMPLE
59
1st Category of Amino Acids

• a) nonpolar, neutral
• b) polar, neutral
• c) acidic
• d) basic

60
Basic

• When the R group contains an amine

Why an amine?
NH3

H2O
NH4OH
BASE!
61
Amino Acids

• Glycine (gly) Alanine (Ala) Valine
  (Val)
• Leucine (Leu) Isoleucine (Ile) Proline
  (Pro)
• Tryptophan (Trp) Phenylalanine (Phe)
• Serine (Ser) Threonine (Thr) Tyrosine
  (Tyr)
• Aspartic acid (Asp) Glutamic acid (Glu)
• Asparagine (Asn) Glutamine (Gln)
• Lysine (Lys) Arginine (Arg)
  Histidine(His)
• Cysteine (Cys) Methionine (Met)

62
Lysine
63
Arginine
64
Histidine
65
2nd Category of Amino Acids
Essential
vs
Non Essential
66
Essential AAs

• Amino Acids that your body does NOT synthesize
  (rapidly).

In other words
67
Essential AAs
The ones we need to eat!!!
68
Of the 20 amino acids,
The 8 essential amino acids are
Your body can make 12 of them
69
Essential Amino Acids
Only for infants
Arginine
You dont need to memorize these
p. 506
Table 11.4
70
Where do we get amino acids?
71
High protein foods!
72
High in protein, but do not contain all of the
amino acids as beans and meat.
73
React two gly together
Lets make a protein!
74
When RH
H
O
H
C
C
N
H
OH
H
Glycine (gly)
75
H
H
O
O
H
H
C
C
N
C
C
N

H
H
OH
OH
H
H
76
Dipeptide
H
H
H
O
O
H
C
C
N
C
C
N
H2O

H
OH
H
H
Peptide bond!
Also known as
gly-gly
77
H
H
H
O
O
H
C
C
N
C
C
N
H
OH
H
H
Functional group?
78
Now, lets polymerize ala
RCH3
79
catalyst
n

• nH2O

H




n
80
Polyamide!
amide-gly-amide-gly-amide-gly-amide-gly-amide-gly
-amide-gly-amide-gly-amide-gly
1 monomer!
81
Compare to nylon 6,6
82
Summary Nylon 6,6
2 monomers!
O
H
H
O
N
C
N
(CH2)6
C
(CH2)4
n
Double Acid
Double Amine
Double Acid
Double Amine
AMIDE
AMIDE
AMIDE
AMIDE
AMIDE
83
Proteins are polyamides of many amino acids in
sequence
amide-gly-amide-gly-amide-gly-amide-gly-amide-gly
-amide-gly-amide-gly-amide-gly
84
Proteins are polyamides of many amino acids in
sequence
amide-ala-amide-gly-amide-leu-amide-ile-amide-glu
-amide-arg-amide-asp-amide-ala
The side chains determine the properties of the
protein!
85
(No Transcript)
86
Topics for Wednesday

• How do proteins get their shape?