ESPM 131 Spring 2006

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ESPM 131 Spring 2006 Introduction to the fungi
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The Hypha
Jacobson, Hickey, Glass Read
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Hyphal Fusion
Hickey, Jacobson, Glass Read
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Mycelium
A. H. R. Buller 1931
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Arbuscule (basically a haustorium)
(c) D. Redecker, K. Wex
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Extensive mycelium of an ectomycorrhizal fungus
The individual strands you see are rhizomorphs
bundles of organized hyphae used for
long-distance transport
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Undisturbed forest should have large genets
Boletus photoshopii
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Single individuals can be large Suillus pungens
genets in pre-fire Pt. Reyes Bonello et al. 1998.
New Phytol. 138533-542.
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Mitotic (asexual) spore state are very common in
Ascomycete
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Zone lines in wood cause by vegetative
interactions between different genotypes of decay
fungi
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Nematode trapping fungi Trap types
adhesive net traps
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Constricting ring traps
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Non-constricting ring traps
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Rotifer trapping
From Barron and Szijarto 1991
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Stylopage anomala trapping amoebae
Photos from George Barron.
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Bacteriophagy from Barron 1988 Can. J. Bot.
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Spizellomyces
Spizellomyces
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Allomyces zoo- and resistant sporangia
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Amphibian Decline -- Chytridiomycota Pathogen
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Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Rick Speare, Lee Berger, Alax Haytt
James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
http//www.jcu.edu.au/school/phtm/PHTM/frogs/chpr1
/fc13.htm
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Rhizopus stolonifer
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from ODonnell, (1979), Zygomycetes in culture.
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Arbuscular mycorrhiza (Plantago media and Glomus
clarum)
extraradical hyphae
spore
100µm
(c) D. Redecker
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Photo from Ann Pringle
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Hallmark of the Ascomycota - theAscus
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Mitotic (asexual) spore state are very common in
Ascomycete
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Apothecia
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Perithecium - a common ascocarp type
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Basidiomycetes - a major group of Forest
Pathogens and mycorrhizal symbionts
Basidia from Alexopoulos et al.
Hyphae with clamps
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Coprinus development
From Ingold 1953
From Buller
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Mushrooms (Agarics Boletes)
Polypores
Gastromycetes Puffballs false-truffles
Tooth fungi (Hydnoid)
Resupinate Corticioid
Club and Coral fungi
Jelly fungi
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Cystofilobasidiella
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Achyla oogonium and antheridia
Oomycota the water molds (fungal-like protists)
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Saprolegnia zoosporangia
Primary cysts
Mature
Proliferation
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Pythium zoospore release
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Damping off by Pythium
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Sudden Oak Death, Phytophthora ramorum, Marin Co.
2001
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Physarum swarmers
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Plasmodial Slime Mold Myxogasteromycota
Physarum species
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Plasmodial Slime Mold
Leocarpus species
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Fuligo, Aethalium