Community Assessment and Nursing Diagnosis, Data Collection, Analysis and Synthesis

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Community Assessment and Nursing Diagnosis, Data
Collection, Analysis and Synthesis

• By Yi-Chen Chiu
• 2/22/2006

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Model and Nursing Model

• A conceptual model
• A nursing model is a representation of nursing,
  not a reality.
• A nursing model is an abstract of reality from
  the nursing perspective.

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The purpose of nursing model (1)

• Provide a map for the nursing process
• Guide assessment (What do you assess?)
• Guides analysis
• Dictates nursing diagnoses
• Assists in planning
• Facilitates evaluation

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The purpose of nursing model (2)

• Provide a curriculum outline for education
• Represents a framework for research
• Provides a basis for development of theory
• A model not only describe what is but also
  provides a framework for making decisions about
  what would be.

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Community-as-partner model

• Neumans model of a total-person approach
• Community-as-client model public health and
  nursing
• Community-as-partner model primary health care
  with two central factors

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The core of assessment

• People who make up the community
• Demographic data
• Values, beliefs, and history

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Lines of defense

• Normal line of defense level of health of a
  community
• Eight subsystems
• Flexible line of defense a buffer zone of a
  community

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The selection of eight subsystem

• Examining the selection of subsystems that have
  been identified. Can you think of any that have
  been omitted?

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Line of resistance

• Line of resistance communitys strength
• Stressors tension-producing stimuli
• The degree of reaction the amount of
  disequilibrium or disruption that results from
  stressors impinging on the communitys lines of
  defense.

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Analyze data

• Compare and contrast your data with the neighbor
  areas and the national data.
• Compare and contrast your data for 3 to 5 years.
• Interpret your data

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Nursing diagnosis

• Stressors and degree of reaction become part of
  the community nursing/health diagnosis (health
  problem).
• Example the increased rate of respiratory
  illness (a degree of reaction) related to air
  pollution (a stressor)

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Stressors leading to??

• The outcome of a stressor impinging on a
  community is not always negative. Can you think
  of an example that stressors may lead to positive
  outcomes?

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Community health diagnosis (1)

• Comparing nursing diagnosis and community health
  diagnosis (see handout)
• Community health diagnosis is preferred over
  community nursing diagnosis

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Community health diagnosis (2)

• The community health diagnosis gives direction to
  both nursing goals and its interventions.
• The goal is derived from the stressors
• The goal may include
• the elimination or alleviation of the
  stressor
• strengthening of the communitys
  resistance
• through strengthening the lines of
  defense.

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Community health diagnosis (3)

• The goal should state the degree of reaction

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Intervention

• Three modes of prevention primary prevention,
  secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention

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Primary vs. tertiary prevention

• In the case of 921 earthquake will you give an
  example of primary vs. tertiary prevention?

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Evaluation

• Feedback from the community

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Final note

• Health may not be a primary goal of the
  community, It is, however, an important resource
  for the community to meet its goals.
• The consequences intended in this model include a
  strengthened normal line of defense, increased
  resistance to stressors, and a diminished degree
  of reaction to stressors by the community.