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• Chronology of Ocean Exploration
• 2750 B.C. First recorded expedition of
  exploration from Egypt
• 2500 B.C. Polynesians begin their migration
  throughout the South Pacific
• 1000 B.C. Phoenician merchant seamen explore
  the Mediterranean 
• 500  B.C. Greeks record travels along the
  northwestern coast of Africa
• 450  B.C. Herodotus compiles a map of the known
  world

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• 325   B.C. Greeks add England and India to
  their maps
• 100   A.D. Chinese invent first compass
• 120   A.D. Ptolemy develops geographic system
  of latitude and longitude
• 735   A.D. Bede suggests lunar control of tides
  
• 982   A.D. Erik the Red completes the first
  trans-Atlantic crossing
• 1002 A.D. Leif Eriksson establishes the
  settlement of Vinland (Newfoundland)
• 1066 A.D. Normans (Vikings) conquer England
• 1328 A.D. Invention of the sawmill spurs
  shipbuilding
• 1406 A.D. Ptolemy's geography is introduced in
  Europe
• 1441 A.D. Portuguese navigators cruise West
  Africa and establish slave trade
• 1450 A.D. Prince Henry establishes a Naval
  observatory 
• 1470 A.D. Portuguese explorations discover
  Africa's Gold Coast and the Congo
• 1492 A.D. Columbus sets sail
• 1497 A.D. Vasco da Gama rounds the Cape of Good
  Hope and reaches India
• 1497 A.D. Cabot sites "new found land" during
  search for Northwest Passage
• 1511 A.D. Portugal defeats the Arabian empire
  in the first major naval battle 

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• 1519 A.D. Magellan begins global
  circumnavigation with five ships, 270 men
• 1521 A.D. Magellan killed by natives in the
  Philippines (April 27)
• 1522 A.D. eighteen of Magellan's crew and one
  ship return (September 6)
• 1534 A.D. Jacques Cartier enters the St.
  Lawrence River
• 1577 A.D. Sir Francis Drake circumnavigates the
  globe
• 1609 A.D. Henry Hudson explores present-day New
  York and Hudson River
• 1768 A.D. James Cook begins the first of his
  Pacific explorations
• 1770 A.D. Benjamin Franklin publishes his map
  of the Gulf Stream
• 1778 A.D. Cook explores Hawaiian Islands
• 1779 A.D. Cook killed in Hawaii
• 1807 A.D. Thomas Jefferson mandates coastal
  charting of the United States
• 1831 A.D. Charles Darwin begins his expeditions
  on the HMS Beagle
• 1855 A.D. Matthew Maury publishes the Physical
  Geography of the Sea
• 1872 A.D. HMS Challenger sets sail from England
  
• 1877 A.D. Agassiz extensively samples deep-sea
  life while aboard the Blake
• 1888 A.D. Marine Biological Laboratory founded
  at Woods Hole
• 1893 A.D. Fridtjof Nansen sets adrift in the
  Arctic Ocean aboard the Fram

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• 1903 A.D. Scripps Institution of Oceanography
  established in California
• 1912 A.D. Alfred Wegener begins a series of
  lectures on continental drift
• 1925 A.D. Vessel Meteor studies the physical
  oceanography of the Atlantic
• 1930 A.D. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
  is founded in Massachusetts
• 1942 A.D. The Oceans published, the first
  comprehensive book on oceanography
• 1943 A.D. SCUBA developed by Jacques Cousteau
  and Emile Gagnan
• 1948 A.D. Texas AM Department of Oceanography
  established 
• 1949 A.D. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
  (Palisades, New York) is founded
• 1960 A.D. Bathyscaphe Trieste descends to
  10,912 m in the Marianas Trench

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• 1968 A.D. National Science Foundation creates
  the Deep-Sea Drilling Project
• 1970 A.D. U.S. creates the National Oceanic and
  Atmospheric Administration
• 1977 A.D. ALVIN documents deep-sea hydrothermal
  vents in the tropical Pacific
• 1978  A.D. SEASAT-A, the first dedicated
  oceanographic satellite, is launched
• 1985 A.D. Deep-Sea Drilling Project reorganized
  as the Ocean Drilling Program 

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• 1992 A.D. TOPEX satellite is launched to
  measure sea surface altimetry
• 1995 A.D. Japanese robotic submersible Kaiko
  sets a new depth record

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