What started at the turn of the century as an effort to gain a day of recognition for the significan

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What started at the turn of the century as an
effort to gain a day of recognition for the
significant contributions the first Americans
made to the establishment and growth of the U.S.,
has resulted in a whole month being designated
for that purpose.
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Early Proponents

• One of the very proponents of an American Indian
  Day was Dr. Arthur C. Parker, a Seneca Indian,
  who was the director of the Museum of Arts and
  Science in Rochester, N.Y. He persuaded the Boy
  Scouts of America to set aside a day for the
  "First Americans" and for three years they
  adopted such a day. In 1915, the annual Congress
  of the American Indian Association meeting in
  Lawrence, Kans., formally approved a plan
  concerning American Indian Day. It directed its
  president, Rev. Sherman Coolidge, an Arapahoe, to
  call upon the country to observe such a day.
  Coolidge issued a proclamation on Sept. 28, 1915,
  which declared the second Saturday of each May as
  an American Indian Day and contained the first
  formal appeal for recognition of Indians as
  citizens.

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State Celebrations

• The first American Indian Day in a state was
  declared on the second Saturday in May 1916 by
  the governor of N.Y. Several states celebrate the
  fourth Friday in September. In Illinois, for
  example, legislators enacted such a day in 1919.
  Presently, several states have designated
  Columbus Day as Native American Day, but it
  continues to be a day we observe without any
  recognition as a national legal holiday.

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American Indian and Alaska Native Heritage
Population 4.4 millionAs of July 1, 2004, the
estimated population of American Indians and
Alaska natives, including those of more than one
race. They made up 1.5 percent of the total
population. 687,400The American Indian and
Alaska native population in California as of July
1, 2004, the highest total of any state in the
nation. California was followed by Oklahoma
(398,200) and Arizona (322,200). About 6,400
American Indians and Alaska natives were added to
Arizonas population between July 1, 2003, and
July 1, 2004. That is the largest numeric
increase of any state in the nation. Florida and
Texas added 5,300 and 4,500, respectively.
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• About 1 in 5The proportion of Alaskas
  population identified as American Indian and
  Alaska native as of July 1, 2004, the highest
  rate for this race group of any state in the
  nation. Alaska was followed by Oklahoma and New
  Mexico (11 percent each).
• 153,500The number of American Indians and Alaska
  natives in Los Angeles County, Calif., as of July
  1, 2004. Los Angeles led all the nations
  counties in the number of people of this racial
  category. Maricopa County, Ariz., added about
  3,000 people of this group between July 1, 2003,
  and July 1, 2004. Maricopa led all the nations
  counties in this category.
• Families and Children 549,299The number of
  American Indian and Alaska native families. Of
  these
• 335,320, or 61 percent, are married-couple
  families.
• 302,249, or 55 percent, are families with their
  own children under 18.
• And 164,728, or 30 percent, are married couples
  with their own children, under the age of 18.
  (Source American FactFinder)

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Iowa Indian Tribes

• Chippewa. Part of the Chippewa, together with the
  Potawatomi and Ottawa, ceded lands in Iowa in
  1846. Originally from Minnesota

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Iowa Indian Tribes

• Dakota. After the Iowa Indians moved from the
  northern part of the present State of Iowa, the
  Dakota occupied much of the territory they had
  abandoned until the Sauk and Fox settled in their
  neighborhood shortly before and immediately after
  the Black Hawk War of 1832 and harassed them so
  constantly that they withdrew.

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Iowa Indian Tribes

• Foxes. This tribe began moving into Iowa sometime
  after 1804 and by the end of the Black Hawk War
  all were gathered there. In 1842 they parted with
  their Iowa lands and most of them removed to
  Kansas with the Sauk, but shortly after the
  middle of the nineteenth century some began to
  return to the State and by 1859 nearly all had
  come back. They bought a tract of land near Tama
  City to which they added from time to time and
  where they have lived ever since.

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Iowa Indian Tribes

• Illinois. Franquelin (1688) seems to locate the
  Peoria on the upper Iowa River, but Marquette, on
  his descent of the Mississippi in 1673, found
  that tribe and the Moingwena near the mouth of
  the Des Moines. When he returned he found that
  they had moved to the neighborhood of Peoria,
  Ill. The name Des Moines is derived from that of
  the Moingwena.

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Iowa Indian Tribes

• Iowa. Apparently borrowed by the French from
  Ayuhwa, the Dakota term applied to them, which,
  according to Riggs, signifies "sleepy ones."
  Skinner (1926) states that Iowa is their own
  name, but they are also called   Nadouessioux
  Maskoutens, Algonkin name meaning "Dakota of the
  Prairies."    Nez Percé, a traders' nickname.  
  Pahodja, own name, meaning "dusty noses." Skinner
  (1926) gives a different translation, but I am
  inclined to accept that furnished by J. O.
  Dorsey.   Pashóhan, Pawnee name.    Pierced
  Noses, traders' name.    Wa-ótc', Winnebago
  name.

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CELEBRATE IN NOVEMBER
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Native American Credits

• Images courtesy of National Native American
  Museum on online
• Encyclopedia of Native Americans, 2004
• American National Native American Month
  Information Please Almanac
• Iowa Historical Society

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