Depression

1
Depression

• Health Psychology
• M. Grace Turner
• 27 Sep 2005

2
What is Depression?(Physiology)

• It is NOT bipolar.
• Brain Functions (Video)
• Many forms of depression exist.
• Two major types of depression
• _________________________
• -DSM-IV defines MDD as a period of at least two
  weeks where a person experiences five or more
  symptoms, during which there is either a
  depressed mood or the loss of interest or
  pleasure in nearly all activities.
• - For some people, episodes are recurrent,
  lasting once/mo, yr, or several times throughout
  their lives.

3
What is Depression(Physiology)

• _______________
• -DSM-IV defines this illness as a state of
  overwhelming, yet chronic depression, exhibited
  by a depressed mood for most days experiencing
  two or more symptoms lasting at least two years.
• -Chronic form of depression.
• Depression often coexists with other mental and
  physical illnesses, such as ______________,
  eating disorders, and anxiety disorders.

4
Who is at risk?(Occurrence)

• Anyone is at risk for depression.
• May occur at any age, but frequently develops
  between the ages of __________.
• Although the majority of people experience at
  least one depressive episode during their life,
  it is not a ________ part of aging.
• During a single life time, as many as 25 of
  women, and 12 of men may suffer from ______.

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Signs of DepressionWarning signs

• Prolonged ________
• Unexplained crying spells
• Significant changes in sleep patterns or appetite
• Irritability, anger, worry, agitation, or anxiety
• Loss of energy, persistent lethargy

• Social withdrawal
• Inability to take pleasure in former interests
• Inability or difficulty concentrating
• Recurring thoughts or talk of ____________
• Feelings of guilt, hopeless-ness, or
  worthlessness

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Is there Help?(Treatment)

• Medications
• ______________________ (grouped based on what
  chemical in the brain they affect)
• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
• -Lexapro, Zoloft, Prozac, Paxil
• Serotonin and norepinephrine and dopamine
  reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) -Effexor, Cymbalta
• Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors
  (NDRIs) -Wellbutrin
• _______________ -Elavil, Aventyl, Pamelor

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Is there Help?(Treatment)

• Medications cont
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) -Nardil,
  Marplan Least used medication b/c of its serious
  side effects.
• Talk Therapy
• _________________ or talk therapy can sometimes
  work alone in cases of mild to moderate
  depression, but may also be used in conjunction
  with other forms of treatment.
• There are several types of psychotherapy
  including interpersonal, marriage family,
  cognitive behavioral, and group.

8
Is there Help?(Treatment)

• Herbal or Natural Remedies
• Dietary supplements include Omega-3, St. Johns
  wort, and SAM-e.
• Recent studies have shown that herbal tx, such as
  St. Johns wort, may interfere with beneficial
  effects of some medications.
• ________________________________
• Used extreme or rare conditions ONLY.
• A painless procedure where mild electrical
  stimulation is sent to the brain, causing brief
  seizures, which in turn, relieve the depression.
• An average of ______________ sessions over a
  three to four week period is required to complete
  tx.

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How can I Help?(Support)

• Support and encouragement from family and friends
  makes a difference.
• If you or someone you know is depressed call
• AU Student Counseling Services
• [phone], 2086 AUMC
• M-F 8a-5p
• AU Psychological Services Center
• [phone], 1119 HC
• M-Th 745a-7p, F 745a-445p

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How can I Help?(Support)

• Crisis Center of EAMC
• [phone], Opelika, Al
• Su-Th 8a-12a, F Sa 24hrs
• Crisis or Suicide Hotline
• [phone] Birmingham Hot line
• [phone] Natl Hope line Network
• (800) 273-TALK (8255) Natl Suicide Hotline