Criteria for classification as reported in an ancient Chinese encyclopedia Lakoff 1987:

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Classification
Criteria for classification as reported in an
ancient Chinese encyclopedia (Lakoff 1987)
it is written that animals are divided into
those that belong to the Emperor
embalmed ones
those that are trained
suckling pigs
mermaids
fabulous ones
stray dogs
those that tremble as if they were mad
those that have just broken a flower vase
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Systematics- studies diversity of life It is the
study and classification of organisms with the
goal of reconstructing their evolutionary history
Taxonomy- the field of science that classifies
life into groups
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Biological Kingdoms
2 Kingdoms Traditional view
plants
animals
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Biological Kingdoms
5 Kingdoms Whittaker, 1969
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Biological Kingdoms
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Classification Six kingdom system

Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
E. coli
Cyanobacteria
Protista
Paramecium
Diatom
Slime mold
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
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Six kingdom system
Monera
Eu- bacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Archae-bacteria
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What are some of the ways we can classify animals?
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Primary Grouping Criterion
Cellular complexity
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
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Other Grouping Criteria
Single-celled vs. multicellular Mode of
nutrition absorption photosynthesis ingestion
Plantae Fungi Animalia Protista
Monera
Note Criteria can overlap
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Other Grouping Criteria
Mode of Reproduction sexual asexual Respiratory
System gas exchange across skin lungs gills
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Other Grouping Criteria
Skeleton internal/external bone/cartilage/chitin
Circulatory System none open/closed
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Age of Systematics
1700s
Carl Linnaeus
Incurable classifier
Flair for creative simplicity
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Linnaeus
Swedish doctor
Professor of Medicine Natural History
14 books in 3 years
Fish book 3,000 pages
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Linnaeus
1753 published book describing Worlds plants
Start of naming process
ID flowers - number structure of the parts
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Linnaeus
Descriptions poetic precision
Result easily applied system
2 word namesbinomial nomenclature
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Binomial Nomenclature
2 word name (genus species) 1st level
classification
Elephas maximus
Loxodonta africanas
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Tiger Panthera tigris
Leopard Panthera pardus
Lion Panthera leo
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Panda Bear Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Black Bear Ursus americanus
Polar Bear Ursus maritimus
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Linnaean Hierarchy
Kingdom Phylum (or Division) Class Order Family Ge
nus Species
Plantae Fungi
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Linnaean Hierarchy
King Philip came over from Germany stoned.
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Names
Common names Confusing Ambiguous Scientific
names Agreed upon system

• Portuguese Man-of-War
• Bluebottle
• Physalia physalis

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Names
Language Latin or Latinized Giving names A highly
technical process Name is authors choice
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Commemorate People
Gardenia jasminoides (Dr. Alexander
Garden) Camellia japonica (Joseph
Kamel) Strelitzia reginae (Queen Charlotte
of Mecklenburg-Strelitz) Siegesbeckia orientalis
(Dr. Siegesbeck)
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Descriptive
Cardinalis cardinalis (red) Railus aquaticus
(watery) Passer domesticus (house)
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Geographic Location
Kuhlia sandwicensis (Hawaii) Periplanata
americana (American cockroach) Zosterops
japonica (Japanese white-eye)
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Pronunciation
Divide into syllables Choose where to place
emphasis
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(No Transcript)
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Example of Coral Classification
The Mushroom Coral Fungia scutaria
Kingdom Animalia Phylum Cnidaria Class
Anthozoa Order Scleractinia Family
Fungiidae Genus Fungia Species scutaria
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(No Transcript)
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Biological Species
Organisms that are genetically similar, and have
ability to interbreed and produce viable, fertile
offspring
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Offspring is sterile
mule
donkey
horse