Australian Studies

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Australian Studies

• Economy, Demography, Population, Immigration,
  Education

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Mabo V Queensland

• The effective result of the judgement was to make
  irrelevant the declaration of terra nullius, or
  "land belonging to no-one" which had been taken
  to occur from the commencement British
  colonisation in 1788, and to recognise a form of
  native title.

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Economy

• Currency
• Australian Coins 5c, 10c, 20c, 50c, 1 2
• Australian Notes (Bills) 5, 10, 20, 50, 100
• Exchange Rate 1 930

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Economy

• The Australian dollar is the currency of the
  Commonwealth of Australia, including Christmas
  Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk
  Island, as well as the independent Pacific Island
  states of Kiribati, Nauru and Tuvalu.

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Economy

• In the second half of the twentieth century,
  Australian trade shifted decisively away from
  Europe and North America to Japan and other East
  Asian markets.

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Economy

• The economy of Australia is a prosperous, Western
  market economy dominated by its services sector
  (68 of GDP), although the agricultural and
  mining sectors (10 of GDP combined) account for
  57 of the nation's exports.

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Economy

• Australia's largest export markets are Japan,
  China, the US, South Korea and New Zealand.

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Economy

• In January 2007, there were 10,033,480 people
  employed, with an unemployment rate of 4.6.

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Economy

• Rich in natural resources, Australia is a major
  exporter of agricultural products, particularly
  wheat and wool, minerals such as iron-ore and
  gold, and energy in the form of liquefied natural
  gas and coal.

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Economy

• Australia's per-capita GDP is slightly higher
  than that of the UK, Germany, and France in terms
  of purchasing power parity.

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Demographics

• The population of Australia is growing at a rate
  of 1.4 per year, and officially (by estimation)
  hit 21 million in June 2007.
• Australia is the 53rd most populous country in
  the world and its population is largely urban.

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Demographics

• According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics
  in mid-2006 there were 4,956,863 residents in
  Australia who were born outside Australia,
  representing 24 of the Australian resident
  population.

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Demographics

• Most of the estimated 21 million Australians are
  descended from colonial-era settlers and
  post-Federation immigrants from Europe, with
  around 85 of Australia's population being of
  European descent.
• Significant non-European ethnic minorities
  include Asians (predominately Chinese, Filipino,
  Vietnamese and Indian) at about 9 and indigenous
  Australians, who make up almost 3 of the current
  population.

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Demographics

• Since the end of World War II, Australia's
  population has more than doubled, spurred by
  large-scale European immigration during the
  immediate post-war decades.
• Non-European immigration, mostly from Asia and
  the Middle East, has increased significantly
  since the 1970s due in large part to the
  abolition of the White Australia Policy.

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Demographics

• In the 2001 Census, 366,436 respondents declared
  they were Aboriginal (2.07 of all respondents),
  26,088 declared they were Torres Strait Islander
  (0.15) and 17,636 declared they were both
  Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (0.10).

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Demographics

• 25.8 Roman Catholic, 18.7 Anglican, 19.4 Other
  Christian.
• 2.1 Buddhist, 1.7 Muslim, 0.4 Jewish, 2.0
  other, 18.7 No Religion, 11.2 Not described.
  (2006 census).

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Demographics

• Most common languages other than English
  Italian, Greek, German, Vietnamese, Tagalog,
  Chinese languages, Indian languages, Arabic
  language, Indonesian, Macedonian
• Indigenous Australian Aboriginal languages,
  Australian Deaf Sign Language.

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Demographics

• Single-person urban dwellings (also known as
  'SPUDs') are now the most common - 25 of
  dwellings are for people living alone.
• There are now more unmarried women than married
  51.4 are now unmarried leading to a society of
  'Freemales.

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Demographics

• More and more people are heading west to take
  advantage of the high-paying job opportunities in
  the boom mining towns - these people have been
  termed 'Salary Miners.
• Over 40 of Australians now have at least one
  parent born overseas, with Africa being one of
  the fastest growing immigrant sources. Largely
  these are white immigrants from South Africa and
  the former Rhodesia.

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Demographics

• Australias largest demographic the
  baby-boomers are retiring en masse, with high
  disposable incomes. Key figure the proportion of
  people aged 65 will double within 30 years, from
  12.5 currently to 25.

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Immigration

• After World War II, Australia launched a massive
  immigration programme, believing that having
  narrowly avoided a Japanese invasion, Australia
  must "populate or perish.
• Hundreds of thousands of displaced Europeans
  migrated to Australia and over 1,000,000 British
  Subjects immigrated under the Assisted Migration
  Scheme, colloquially becoming known as Ten Pound
  Poms.
• The qualifications were very simple if you were
  of European ancestry, reasonably healthy, and
  without a criminal record, you would be accepted

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Immigration

• The overall level of immigration has grown
  substantially during the last decade and a half.
• Net overseas migration increased from 30,042 in
  1992-93 to 177,600 in 2006-07.
• This is the highest level on record.

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Immigration

• The largest components of immigration are the
  skilled migration and family re-union programs.
• In recent years the mandatory detention of
  unauthorised arrivals by boat has generated great
  levels of controversy.

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Immigration

• During 2004-05, a total of 123,424 people
  immigrated to Australia.
• them, 17,736 were from Africa, 54,804 from Asia,
  21,131 from Oceania, 18,220 from United Kingdom,
  1,506 from South America, and 2,369 from Eastern
  Europe.

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Education

• Education in Australia is primarily the
  responsibility of states and territories.
• Generally, education in Australia follows the
  three-tier model which includes primary education
  (primary schools), followed by secondary
  education (secondary schools/high schools) and
  tertiary education (universities and/or TAFE
  (Technical and Further Education Colleges).

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Education

• Education is compulsory up to an age specified by
  legislation this age varies from state to state
  but is generally 15-17, that is prior to
  completing secondary education.
• Post-compulsory education is regulated within the
  Australian Qualifications Framework, a unified
  system of national qualifications in schools,
  vocational education and training (TAFE) and the
  higher education sector (university).

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Education

• The academic year in Australia varies between
  states and institutions, but generally runs from
  late January until mid-December for primary and
  secondary schools and TAFE colleges, and from
  late February until mid-November for universities.

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Education

• School is compulsory in Australia between the
  ages of six and fifteen, depending on the state
  and date of birth, with, in recent years, over
  three quarters of students staying on until they
  are eighteen.
• Government schools educate about two thirds of
  Australian students, with the other third in
  independent schools, a proportion which is rising
  in many parts of Australia.

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Education

• There were 39 recognised universities in
  Australia in 2007, of which 37 were public
  institutions and 2 are private.

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The End