First Aid

1
First Aid

• Text
• Notes at McGreggors
• Yellow card
• 20 minutes from hospital
• National Safety Council
• Red Cross
• American Heart Association

2
Course Information

• Practical
• Prevention
• Easy Class? Easy A?
• Concern for the victim
• Advanced training?

3
First Aid

• Leading causes of death
• Heart disease-725,790
• Cancer-537,390
• Stroke-159,877
• Lung diseases 110,637
• Accidents 92,191

4
Injuries

• The leading cause of death and disability in
  children and young adults
• Brain and spinal cord injuries 80,000
  unnecessary and permanently disabled
• Disabling injuries from unintentional causes
• 19.4 million in l998
• One disabling injury every 2 seconds
• One fatality every 6 minutes

5
Expenses Related to Unintentional Injuries

• 480.5 billion dollars each year
• Prevention is much less expensive

6
Leading Injury Related Deaths

• Motor vehicle crashes
• Falls
• Poisoning
• Drowning
• Fires, burns

7
Heart Problems

• 1 of every 4 Americans has a heart problem

8
Emergency Frequency

• ASU 10,000 students
• Student in this class

9
The Golden Hour
10
What Is First Aid?Chapters 1 and 2

• It is the immediate care given to the injured or
  suddenly ill until more advanced care is obtained

11
What Is First Aid 2

• Proper first aid procedures may mean the
  difference between
• Life and death
• Rapid or slow recovery
• Hospitalization
• Temporary disability or permanent injury

12
Lawsuit Society
13
Legal Aspects

• No one is required to render first aid unless
• Designated by employer
• Pre-existing responsibility

14
Legal Aspects 2

• Once first aid has begun, you are not to leave
  until
• The victim is under the care of someone with
  equal or greater training
• The victim refuses treatment or transportation

15
Legal Aspects 3

• If you do leave, you may be charged with
• ABANDONMENT

16
Standards Of Care

• What type of first aid care is appropriate and
  acceptable?
• If you act reasonably and with the same amount of
  training as others who would deal with similar
  circumstances, you fall under The Type Of
  Rescurer

17
Standards Of Care 2

• If you follow recommendations identified by the
  American Heart Association, American Red Cross,
  National Safety Council, etc. you fall under
  Published Recommendations

18
Consent

• Expressed Consent
• Nod, oral, or written permission (parents /
  guardian of incompetent individuals)
• Do not withhold first aid from a minor just to
  obtain consent
• Implied Consent
• Deals with the unconscious
• Deals with conscious who does not resist help

19
Consent 2

• Touching another person without permission is
  unlawful! (battery)

20
Right To Refuse Care

• Why might someone refuse care?
• (student didnt believe in going to the doctor)
• Try to convince victim that they need care

21
If Victim Refuses Care

• DO NOT give aid or transport
• Make note of witnesses
• Document events (put all info in writing)

22
If Parents Refuse Help For A Child

• Convince otherwise
• Call police
• Document events in writing
• Identify witnesses

23
If Intoxicated Or Belligerent And Refuse Care

• Convince otherwise
• Document events in writing
• Identify witnesses
• Drugs and alcohol may mask injury

24
Good Samaritan Laws

• Vary from state to state
• Protects those acting in good faith without gross
  negligence or willful misconduct.
• some legal experts suggests this gives a false
  sense of security to the first aider

25
Good Samaritan Laws 2

• If the victims condition is worsened by one
  giving first aid, litigation is possible
• Your protection consists of proper training and
  application of skills

26
Confidentiality
27
Rescue Doctrine

• In some cases, the injured rescuer has the right
  to recover for injuries sustained while
  attempting to help
• (amputated leg)
• (downed power line - sued power company)

28
Will You Help?
29
Consider The Following

• Consider your health as well as the victims
• Try to decide ahead of time if you will help
• Are you bothered by blood, HIV risks, HBV?
• Calm yourself, take deep breaths

30
Will You Help? 2

• Protect yourself by wearing gloves
• (victim in street)
• Glove removal

31
Will You Help? 3

• All human blood and body fluids should be
  considered infectious
• Wash hands extremely well
• Clean spills with diluted bleach

32
Will You Help? 4

• If you dont think you can handle a situation,
  call EMS
• Do not call a friend or relative first
• Teach children to call 911

33
The Dying Victim

• Avoid negative statements
• Assure victim that family will be located
• Allow for some hope
• Use a gentle voice

34
The Dying Victim 2

• Use the victims name
• Reassure by touching the victim
• Do not pronounce death
• Even paramedics cant pronounce death

35
Grieving

• For the victims family and for yourself
• Dont tell survivors everything at once
• Counseling (paramedics-Westside)