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Felix Li

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New interface is required. ... A guard time may be added to each symbols to combat the channel delay spread ... available on the Chinese mainland yet but ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Felix Li


1
Looking beyond 3G
  • Felix Li

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  • Enjoy Chaku-Uta Full SD-Audio with the
    multi-function Music Player (400MB Mem)
  • Smooth net surfing with the Full Browser
  • High-quality 4-megapixel camera with shake
    correction functions

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Quad band GSM/GPRS EDGE 900/1800/1900MHz WCDMA
2100
Japans first HSDPA-compatible handset In FOMA
HIGH-SPEED areas, the N902iX is capable of packet
downlinks of up to 3.6Mbps
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Outline
  • The Evolution of Mobile Communications
  • A brief review of the past and the current
    mobile communication technologies
  • Super 3G
  • The mission of Super 3G
  • Key features of Super 3G
  • Initiatives and actions taken by the industry
  • 4G
  • The vision for the fourth generation mobile
    communication system
  • The latest news and achievements towards
    developing a 4G system

Reminder throughout the presentation, we will
focus on the PHY
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The Evolution ofMobile Communications
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Bell and His Invention
0G
14
The First Generation
1979, the world first cellular system was
implemented by NTT in Japan, using 600 FM duplex
channels
1G
1983, US deployed its first cellular telephone
system AMPS in Chicago
1990
2000
1980
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The Second Generation
2G
1991, the first GSM call was made by Radiolinja
in Finland.
IS-95 CDMA
GSM TDMA
1992, Telstra became the first non-European
operator to sign the GSM Memorandum of
Understanding.
1990
2000
1980
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The Second Generation Enhancement
2003, first EDGE networks went live
2000, first commercial GPRS was launched
1990
2000
1980
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The Third Generation
3G
2001, Japan launched the first WCDMA system
2000, SK Telecom in Korea launched the first
CDMA2000 system
1990
2000
1980
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The Third Generation Enhancement
Telstra today super-charged the speeds on its
Next G network from 3.6Mbps to 14.4Mbps and
boosted the cell range up to 200km for more than
40 rural and coastal sites, making Telstra's Next
G network easily the fastest and geographically
biggest national wireless network in the world.
Telstra Media Press 15 Feb 2007
As of March 2007, over 100 HSDPA networks have
commercially launched mobile broadband services
in 54 countries.
1990
2000
1980
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Data Rate
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In the past, it took some 10 years for each
generation to come to market.
How about the future?
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Super 3G
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Market and Technology Trends
  • The need for broadband mobile communications is
    growing as well as in fixed networks.
  • All-IP wireless architecture has emerged as the
    most preferred platform for beyond 3G wireless
    communications. And the design of a future
    wireless air interface has to take into account
    the fact that the dominant load will be
    high-speed burst-type traffic. New interface is
    required.
  • The RD for new radio technologies are
    progressing.

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The Mission of Super 3G
  • To provide not only improved data rate, capacity
    and coverage, but also reduced latency and cost.
  • To evolve towards a wider transmission bandwidth
    and packet-optimized network.
  • To keep a highly competitive position in the
    world telecom market for a long term. (HSDPA will
    only be competitive for a mid-term evolution)
  • To provide a smooth migration path towards 4G.

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Spectrum Deployment Requirement
  • Should include an evolution towards wider
    bandwidth than 5 MHz considering a desire for
    higher data rates
  • Support 5 MHz bandwidth or less to allow more
    flexibility in whichever frequency bands the
    system may be deployed
  • Co-existence and co-location with GERAN/3G on
    adjacent channels
  • Co-existence and co-location between operators
    on adjacent channels
  • Co-existence on overlapping and/or adjacent
    spectrum at country borders.

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Spectrum Flexibility
  • Shall support bandwidth up to 20 MHz.
  • Shall operate in different size of spectrum
    allocation including 1.25 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10
    MHz, 15 MHz and 20 MHz in both the uplink and the
    downlink. (More flexible in whichever frequency
    bands the system may be deployed.)
  • Operation in paired and unpaired spectrum shall
    be supported.

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Data Rate Requirement
  • Support DL peak data rate at 100Mbps (20MHz)
  • Support UL peak data rate at 50Mbps (20MHz)
  • Scaled linearly according to the spectrum
    allocation

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Radio Access Technology OFDM
  • The technique of Orthogonal Frequency Division
    Multiplexing (OFDM) is based on well-known
    technique of Frequency Division Multiplexing
    (FDM).
  • In FDM different streams of information are
    mapped onto separate parallel frequency channels.
    Each FDM channel is separated form the others by
    a frequency guard band to reduce interference
    between adjacent channels.

f
f1
f2
f3
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Difference between OFDM and FDM
  • Sub-carriers are orthogonal to each other
  • A guard time may be added to each symbols to
    combat the channel delay spread
  • high frequency efficiency

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The Use of IFFT in Generating OFDM Signal
  • Frequency domain input are carried onto
    individual sub-carriers
  • Each sub-carrier has exactly an integer number
    of cycles in the symbol interval

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Facts
  • The basic idea of OFDM was introduced and
    patented in the mid 60s by Chang.
  • Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,
    U.S. Patent 3,488,455, filed 1966, issued Jan
    1970.
  • The use of IDFT and DFT for the FDM system can
    be dated back to 1970s.
  • Data transmission by frequency-division
    multiplexing using the discrete Fourier
    transforms, IEEE Trans on Communications,
    COM-19(5)628-634, October 1971

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OFDM Signal
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OFDM Signal
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Frame Structure
f
1.25MHz, 2.5MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz
Sub-carrier spacing 15kHz (76 occupied
sub-carriers _at_ 1.25MHz)
f
Narrow band interference
slot
0.5ms
t
TTI
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Link Level Adaptation
  • The quality of the signal received by a UE
    depends on many factors
  • To improve the system capacity and coverage
    reliability, the signal transmitted to and by a
    user is modified according to signal quality
    variation
  • CDMA systems uses fast power control as link
    adaptation
  • AMC offered an alternative method for link
    adaptation (was successfully used in HSDPA)

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Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)
  • How does AMC work?
  • The power of the transmitted signal is held
    constant over a frame interval
  • The modulation and coding format is changed to
    match the current received signal quality or
    channel conditions
  • User close to the Node B are typically assigned
    higher order modulation with higher code rates
    (e.g. 64 QAM with R3/4 turbo codes)
  • The modulation-order and/or code rate will
    normally decrease as the distance from Node B
    increases
  • Possibly different modulation and coding schemes
    will be used for different resource blocks
  • AMC provides the flexibility to match the
    modulation-coding scheme to the average channel
    conditions for each user

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7 Level MCS
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Performance
  • Case 1 Full 7-MCS
  • Case 2 5-MCS without QPSK R1/4, 8PSK R3/4

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Challenges
  • The performance of AMC is vulnerable to the
    radio channel measurements
  • The measurement cycle may not follow the usual
    channel variation due to fast channel fading
  • The measurements are not error free
  • May result in wrong decision for modulation and
    coding selection.
  • Advanced CQI estimation and reporting procedures
    is required (e.g. adaptive reporting cycle)

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MIMO
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Channel Model Overview Multi-path
Received signal
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Channel Model Overview Fading
Each tap will have an amplitude, a phase and a
delay
  • When the speed of the mobile is very high, we
    will suffer from a large Doppler spread

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Channel Model Needed for a Higher Bandwidth
  • We have a very well developed channel model for
    3G.
  • The model is originally designed for a 5 MHz
    bandwidth (not suitable for the Super 3G)
  • In order to evaluate the DL performance, a
    spatial channel model is required

Frequency correlation for sub-urban macro
scenario
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Performance Evaluation
Old 5 MHz channel
New channel
QPSK with 1/3 turbo
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Performance Evaluation
Old 5 MHz channel
New channel
QPSK with 2/3 turbo
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Mobility Requirement
  • The network should be optimized for low mobile
    speed from 0 to 15 km/h
  • Higher mobile speed between 15 and 120 km/h
    should be supported with high performance
  • Mobility across the cellular network shall be
    maintained at speeds from 120 km/h to 350 km/h

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Industry News
A group of world leading telecom technology
manufacturers and network operators comprised of
Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson, France Telecom/Orange,
Nokia, Nokia Siemens Networks, Nortel, T-Mobile,
and Vodafone have announced a joint initiative
aimed at driving forward the realisation of the
next-generation of high performance mobile
broadband networks.
03 May 2007 Nokia Press Releases
  • To demonstrate the potential
  • Tests includes radio transmission performance
    tests, early interoperability tests, field tests
    and full customer trials
  • Joint activities will commence in May 2007, and
    are expected to run for a period of 18-24 months

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4G
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Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF)
  • To contribute to the vision of the wireless world
  • To develop and maintain a consistent vision of
    the wireless world
  • Based on recent contributions to Wireless World
    Research Forum and White Papers from Working
    Groups and Special Interest Groups the new Book
    of Visions 2006 was published in April 2006 by
    WILEY.

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Vision for 4G
  • The definition of 4G is still not clear, but
    will probably consists of two aspects.
  • High data rates which shall provide 100Mbps for
    high mobility and 1 Gbps for low mobility.
    (100MHz bandwidth possibly)
  • Open architecture which stresses seamless
    service provisioning across a multitude of
    wireless systems as being an important feature of
    future generation systems

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Korea
Samsung Electronics Co. plans to demonstrate
today fourth-generation wireless phone technology
capable of exchanging signals much faster than
most fixed-line broadband services, such as
digital subscriber line and cable.
The 4G technology to be demonstrated will take
several more years to become commercially viable.
But Samsung says it has created mobile
transmitters and receivers that can exchange data
at 100 megabits a second in a vehicle moving as
fast as 37 miles an hour.
The Korean company also will demonstrate today
another system that can exchange data via a
wireless connection 10 times faster than that, or
at one gigabit a second, at a fixed point.
31 Aug 2006 The Wall Street Journal
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China
Third-generation (3G) telephony is not available
on the Chinese mainland yet but subscribers in
one city district can now go beyond where no one
has ever gone.
The world's first fourth-generation (4G) mobile
communication system was officially launched
yesterday in Shanghai's Changning District after
a field trial was conducted in October.
The home-grown 4G system provides speeds of up to
100 mbps in wireless transmission of data and
images many times faster than that of current
mobile technology.
29 Jan 2007 China Daily
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Japan
NTT DoCoMo, Inc. announced that it achieved a
maximum packet transmission rate of approximately
5Gbps in the downlink using 100MHz frequency
bandwidth to a mobile station moving at 10km/h.
The field experiment of fourth-generation (4G)
radio access took place in Yokosuka, Kanagawa
Prefecture on December 25, 2006.
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Questions ?
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