Phylum Zygomycetes

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Phylum Zygomycetes Example is bread mold. Only
665 species
Zygomycetes are partners in most ancient type of
mycorrhizae.
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Phylum Ascomycetes, spores in sacs, 30,000
species. Nectria perithecia A species in this
genus causes Beech Bark Disease
http//botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/332/Ascomycota
/
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Black knot of cherry is caused by an Ascomycete
fungus.
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Morels are ascomycete fungi
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Basidiomycetes carry spores on clubs 16,000
species Agaricus sylvicola
http//botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/332/Basidiomyc
ota/Hymenomycetes/Agaricales/
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Amanita muscaria
http//botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/332/Basidiomyc
ota/Hymenomycetes/Agaricales/
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Pleurotus dryinus
http//botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/332/Basidiomyc
ota/Hymenomycetes/Agaricales/
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Go to Tom Volks website for pictures
of Ganoderma (shelf fungus) Fomes fomentarius
(carried by the ice man) Cladonia cristatella
(lichen forming fungus) Tuber gibbosum (important
mycorrhizal fungus) http//botit.botany.wisc.ed
u/toms_fungi/
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Douglas fir and White pine seedlings with
without mycorrhizae
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Review of Mycorrhizal Types
Type Morphology Fungus Plants Major Benefits
Endo- Vesicles- Arbuscles In cell walls Zygos 80 of all Inorganic P
Ecto- Btw cells. Mantle/sheath Basidios Ascos High-lat woodies Organic N, P H2O
Ericoid Proliferate inside of cell walls membrane envelopes hyphae. Ascos Some Ericaceae Organic N, P
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Endomycorrhizae-- ancient, widespread, and
non-specific
Colonization of a root by an endomycorrhizal
fungus. Note hyphae, arbuscules and vesicles.
(see Fig 21 in Brundrett et al. 1985 Can. J. Bot
63 184)
A stained arbuscule of Glomus mosseae in a leek
root cell (a superb photomicrograph by Mark
Brundrett - see Fig 17 in Brundrett et al. 1984
Can. J. Bot. 62 2128)
A leek root packed with vesicles of its
endomycorrhizal fungal partner.
These structures in the "roots" of early land
plants fossilized in the Rhynie Chert (350 MYBP)
are regarded as vesicles of an early
endomycorrhizal fungus.
http//www.mycolog.com/chapter17.htm
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Ectomycorrhizae
Ectomycorrhizas of Laccaria bicolor with
Populus tremuloides.
http//www.mycolog.com/chapter17.htm
Section of outer layers of an ectomycorrhizal
root of Pinus strobus, showing some of the mantle
and the Hartig net - the latter formed by hyphae
of the mycobiont, Pisolithus tinctorius,
penetrating between the cortical cells of the
root.
Transverse section of an ectomycorrhiza of
Pseudotsuga menziesii with Rhizopogon colossus
showing the fungal mantle (brown in this example).
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Ericoid mycorrhizae help ericaceous plants
survive on sites with slow decomposition (bogs,
arctic, sand, etc.)
Ericoid mycorrhiza of salal, Gaultheria shallon.
Dark blobs are masses of fungal hyphae in
cortical cells of root. Hyphae up to 80 of mass
of root, but do not penetrate cell membrane.