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Title: UCLA Advanced Accelerator Program (excluding PWFA@FFTB)


1
UCLA Advanced Accelerator Program (excluding
PWFA_at_FFTB)
  • J. Rosenzweig
  • Representing D. Cline, C. Joshi, W. Mori, C.
    Pellegrini
  • HEPAP AARD Subpanel
  • Palo Alto, December 21, 2005

2
UCLA Plasma Accelerator Group
Joshi/Mori Group
Staff
Students
Students

3
Goals of the Plasma Accelerator (Joshi-Mori)
Group _at_ UCLA
  1. Source of new ideas and techniques for plasma
    based accelerationLong Range
  2. Vigorous in-house experimental program on
    advanced accelerator researchLong Range
  3. Plasma wakefield scheme as an afterburner for
    linear collidermedium range
  4. Massively parallel computations for advanced
    accelerator researchmedium range
  5. Train students and postdocs

4
Statistical Data
  • Funding DOE-HEP _at_ 1 million/yr average since
    1987
  • SciDAC 170 K /year Theory and
    Simulations
  • NSF 150 K/year
  • Facilities Neptune _at_ UCLA, 1998 - present
  • FFTB _at_ SLAC, 1999 - present
  • SABER _at_ SLAC, as soon as it is built
  • Users at Neptune Joshi, Rosenzweig, Pellegrini,
    Muggli,
  • Katsouleas

5
1. Source of New Ideas
  • Plasma Beat Wave Accelerator (PBWA)
  • Plasma Wakefield Accelerator (PWFA)
  • Laser Wakefield Accelerator (LWFA)
  • Plasma and E.M. Wigglers for FELs
  • Tunable Radiation Generation Using Ionizations
    Fronts
  • Plasma Lenses for Focusing particle Beams
  • Cherenkov Radiation from Plasmas

6
In-house Experimental Program on Plasma
Acceleration Highlights (I)
2.
PBWA Everett et. al., Nature 368, 527 (1994)
  • First demonstration of acceleration
  • at gt 1 GeV/m in plasma
  • Energy gain exceeded the trapping
  • energy

Plasma Lens Hairapetian et al., PRL 72, 2403
(1994)
  • Focusing of a 5 MeV electron beam
  • by a factor of two using an overdense
  • plasma lens
  • Time dependent focusing demonstrated

7
In-house Experimental Program on Plasma
Acceleration Highlights (II)
2.
Self Modulated LWFA Modena et. al., Nature 377,
606 (1995)
  • Raman Forward Scattering shown to
  • be capable of accelerating electrons
  • nC of charge, self-trapped and
  • accelerated in a gas jet experiment

Relativistic Guiding Clayton et. al., PRL 81, 100
(1998)
  • Relativistic guiding of a 20 TW laser
  • over 20 Rayleigh lengths shown
  • A relativistic plasma wave was
  • shown to reside inside the self-
  • guided channel

8
In-house Experimental Program on Plasma
Acceleration Highlights (III)
2.
Breaking the 100 MeV barrier Gordon et al., PRL
80, 2133 (1998)
  • Greater than 100 MeV energy gain
  • in plasmas seen for the first time
  • Energy gain greater than linear
  • dephasing limit

Second Generation PBWA Expts Tochitsky et al.,
PRL 92, 095004 (2004)
  • Second generation Plasma Beat
  • Wave Accelerator experiment in
  • Neptune shows injected 12 MeV
  • particles gaining energy out to 50 MeV

9
3.
UCLA Program at SLAC UCLA/USC/SLAC
Collaboration
  1. 15 GeV acceleration in 30 cm plasma (Length
    Scaling of Energy Gain)
  2. E164X breaks GeV barrier, Hogan et al., PRL 95,
    054802 (2005)
  3. Matched beam propagation leads to first
    acceleration, Muggli et al., PRL 93, 014802
    (2004)
  4. Positron acceleration by plasma, Blue et al., PRL
    90, 214801 (2003)
  5. Positron focusing of plasma column, Hogan et al.,
    PRL 90, 205002 (2003)
  6. Betatron x-ray emission using plasma, Wang et
    al., PRL 88, 135004 (2002)
  7. Plasma as a thick focusing optic, Clayton et al.,
    PRL 88, 154801 (2002)
  8. Refraction of Electron Beam, Muggli et al.,
    Nature 411, 43 (2001)

Talk by R. Siemann at this meeting
10
MASSIVELY PARALLEL COMPUTATIONS IN AID OF PLASMA
ACCELERATION RESEARCH
4.
  • OSIRIS (Full PIC)
  • Moving window, parallel
  • Dynamic load balancing
  • Field and Impact Ionization
  • Successfully applied to full 3D modeling of LWFA
    and PWFA experiments
  • QuickPIC
  • Highly efficient quasi-static model for
    beam-
  • driven plasma accelerators
  • Fully parallel with dynamic load balancing
  • Ponderomotive guiding center envelope
  • models for laser driven
  • ADK model for field ionization
  • At least100x faster than full PIC

11
PH.D STUDENTS TRAINED IN PAST FIVE YEARS
5.
Advisor
  • Brian Duda, 2000 Mori
  • Shuoqin Wang, 2002 Joshi
  • Brent Blue, 2003 Joshi
  • Catalin Filip, 2003 Joshi
  • Ritesh Narang, 2003 Joshi
  • Chengkun Huang, 2005 Mori

Over 25 Ph.Ds granted since groups
inception. Faculty placed at USC, UCLA, U.
Michigan/Nebraska, Florida AM, CalState, U.
Osaka
5 Student Awards including two Best Ph.D. Thesis
Awards
12
Advanced Accelerator Physics at UCLA Physics
AstronomyCline Group The Cline group was the
first experimental advanced accelerator group in
the UCLA Physics Dept., formed initially at U.
Wisconsin
  • Members of the group D. Cline, A. Garren, Y.
    Fukui, K. Lee, F. Zhou, X. Yang, L. Shao (PhD
    Student) and undergraduate students at UCLA
  • Key collaborators H. Kirk (BNL), M. Ross (SLAC)
    W. Kimura (STI), V. Yakimenko, I. Pogorelsky
    (BNL/ATF), Y. Ho and Q. Kang (Fudon University)
  •  Muon Collider Collaborators ILC University
    Research Program, ATF/BNL Faculty
  • Goals of team
  • Training of PhD students and postdoctoral people
  • The study and design of beam cooling and muon
    colliders/neutrino factories
  • Development of beam monitors for the ILC
  • Advanced accelerator concepts at the BNL ATF

13
Activities of the Cline Advanced Accelerator Team
  •  
  • (1) Training of PhD Students
  •  
  • This group has trained 15 PhD or MS students.
    Pre-history at Univ. Wisconsin included D.
    Larson, J. Rosenzweig, X. Wang more recently P.
    He has joined BNL staff
  •  
  • (2) Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory
  •  
  • The modern development of the muon collider was
    started by this group in 1992 with a meeting in
    Napa, California. During the 1990s we held five
    key conferences and muon collider collaboration
    meetings.
  •  
  • Current work
  • - The fiber tracker for MICE cooling experiments
  •      - The study of various ring coolers for
    muon colliders
  • - The design of a special muon collider to
    study Higgs bosons that could be
    discovered at the LHC (A, H Higgs)

14
Ring Coolers and Muon Colliders/Higgs Factories
  •  David B. Cline
  •  Center for Advanced Accelerators, Department of
    Physics Astronomy, University of California,
    Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
  •   We describe the progress in the simulation of
    6D cooling of ? beams for use in neutrino
    factories and muon beam colliders. We concentrate
    on the final cooling needed to reach the
    emmittance required for a SUSY Higgs factory
    using high-pressure gas ring coolers and Li lens
    ring coolers.

Figure 1. Recent concept for a ??- collider
Higgs factory.
15
Laser acceleration at BNL ATF
Demonstration of High-Trapping Efficiency and
Narrow Energy Spread in a Laser-Driven
Accelerator   W.D. Kimura, et al., Physical
Review Letters, 2003   Laser-driven electron
accelerators (laser linacs) offer the potential
for enabling much more economical and compact
devices. However, the development of practical
and efficient laser linacs requires accelerating
a large ensemble of electons together
(trapping) while keeping their energy spread
small. This has never been realized before for
any laser acceleration system. We present here
the first demonstration of a high-trapping
efficiency and narrow energy spread via laser
acceleration. Trapping efficiencies of up to 80
and energy spreads down to 0.36 (1?) were
demonstrated.
Staging, low energy spread demonstrated
16
Next generation advanced accelerator scheme
Vacuum laser acceleration
17
ODR (Optical Diffraction Radiation) Beam Size
Detector at SLAC FFTB Experiment in support of
ILC diagnostic development  
18
Rosenzweig-Pellegrini Groupthe Particle Beam
Physics Lab (PBPL)
  • Group built upon three research thrusts
  • Strong connections between all areas
  • Common themes multi-disciplinary, high energy
    density (relativistic) interactions, ultra-fast
    systems
  • Basic beam physics and technology underpins other
    two areas

Advanced accelerators
Advanced light sources
High brightness electron beams
19
Aspects of Research Program
Cutting-edge experiments
Advanced technology
Education
Simulation and advanced computing
Basic theory
  • Scientific disciplines touched upon include
  • Beam-plasma interaction beam material
    interaction
  • Collective beam effects, nonlinear beam dynamics
  • Beam-radiation interaction instabilities
  • Device physics high power microwaves, lasers,
    THz
  • Ultra-fast measurements

20
Group statistics
  • Population
  • Faculty 2 (new hires coming)
  • Profession researchers 2
  • Technical staff 5
  • Graduate students 7
  • Undergraduates 4-6
  • Financial support (must be diverse!)
  • DoE HEP 780k/yr (70 Neptune, 30 off-campus)
  • Other 650k/yr
  • DoE BESLCLS NSF LLNL/UC foreign partners,
    industrial partners

21
UCLA PBPL collaborators
  • UCLA EE dept.
  • PBWA high brightness beam studies, sub-ps beams
    IFEL acceleration laser-structure acceleration
  • SLAC
  • ORION/E163 LCLS FEL physics RF techniques
  • BNL ATF
  • fsec compression, CSR FEL physics RF gun
    development
  • FNAL (recently inactive)
  • A0/TESLA injector Plasma wakefield and lens
    experiments
  • LLNL
  • Inverse Compton scattering basic beam physics,
    velocity bunching, micro-focusing
  • INFN/Roma/Frascati/Milano
  • Electron sources beam dynamics ultra-fast
    measurements
  • Past collab. LANL, ANL AWA, Tel Aviv Univ.

Students are exposed to national lab and
university collaborators throughout education
Two way pipeline for sharing expertise one-way
pipeline for future employment
22
PBPL Experimental Facilities
  • State-of-the-art accelerator/laser labs
  • Neptune Advanced Accelerator Lab
  • MARS 2-frequency TW CO2 laser (Joshi)
  • Cutting edge photoinjector complex
  • PEGASUS Radiation Lab
  • Off-campus (PBPL aided in construction)
  • BNL ATF
  • SLAC ORION FFTB
  • LLNL PLEIADES/FINDER
  • INFN/LNF SPARC

Pegasus lab at UCLA
23
Education
  • Graduate course yearly Physics 250
  • Introduction and special topics
  • Strong USPAS attendance
  • Also involved as regular lecturers
  • Undergrad. course Physics 150
  • Led to text Fundamentals of Beam Physics (Oxford,
    2003)
  • Unified treatment of charged particle and laser
    beams
  • Research!
  • Most projects student-centered
  • Hands-on all aspects of research
  • Thesis projects aimed a PRL level
  • gt90 refereed publications (gt70 PR)

24
PBPL graduates now spread throughout accelerator
community
  • David Robin (CP). Accelerator Physics Group
    Leader at ALS
  • Spencer Hartman (CP). Director, Raytheon
    microwave defense
  • Gil Travish (JR). UCLA PBPL, associate researcher
  • Andrei Terebilo (CP). SSRL scientist, SPEAR 3
  • Nick Barov (JR). Far-Tech, SBIR accelerator
    technology firm
  • Mark Hogan (CP). SLAC ARDB scientist
  • Eric Colby (JR). Panofsky Fellow, SLAC ARDB
    scientist
  • Aaron Tremaine (JR). LLNL scientist, PLEIADES
    Compton source
  • Xiadong Ding (CP). Titan, medical linacs
  • Scott Anderson (JR). LLNL scientist, PLEIADES
    Compton source
  • Alex Murokh (JR). RadiaBeam, SBIR accelerator
    technology firm
  • Pietro Musumeci (CP). Univ. Roma, SPARC FEL
    project
  • Matthew Thompson (JR). LLNL post-doc, advanced
    accelerators/X-rays
  • Kip Bishofberger (JR). LANL post-doc, high
    brightness beams
  • 2006 Joel England (JR), Gerard Andonian (JR),
    Jay Lim (JR)
  • PBPL post-docs SLAC/ANL/LLNL (5), Industry (1)
    Univ. (3) , Foreign (1)

25
Backbone of PBPL research advanced technology
  • Connects advanced accelerators to conventional
    community
  • Designed and built in-house
  • Design codes (students, engineers)
  • World-class shop
  • RF structures
  • 1.6 cell RF photocathode gun
  • Advanced RF accelerating structures
  • RF deflector for fs beam measurements
  • Magnetic devices
  • Linear, nonlinear beam optics, bends
  • Permanent magnet undulators, quads

26
Diverse theoretical contributions
  • Space-charge dominated beams
  • Emittance compensation, chicane pulse
    compression, velocity bunching
  • Plasma wakefields
  • Blowout regime, matching, ion collapse
  • FEL, Compton scattering
  • SASE, spiking, QFEL, TW undulator
  • Radiative effects in beams
  • CSR, CTR microbunching, diamag. fields
  • Dielectric accelerating structures
  • Slab symmetric laser-excitation, ultra-high field
    wakes

Ion collapse in PWFA afterburner scenario
J.B. Rosenzweig, et al., PRL 95, 195002 (2005)
27
Recent Experimental Results I Neptune IFEL
  • 0.5 TW 10 ?m laser
  • Highest recorded IFEL acceleration
  • 15 MeV beam accelerated to over 35 MeV in 25 cm
  • First observation of higher harmonic IFEL
    interaction

P. Musumeci, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 154801
(2005)
Energy analysis of Neptune IFEL experiment
28
Recent Experimental Results II Compton
scattering _at_ LLNL
  • Applications to
  • Polarized positron
  • ??? collider
  • 300 fs beams from velocity bunching
  • Focusing from PMQ ultra-strong final focus
  • Ultra-high peak brightness X-rays used in
    diffraction studies
  • Next stage (nonlinear Compton) at Neptune

D. J. Gibson, et al.,, Phys. Plasmas, 11 2857
(2004)
29
Recent Experimental Results III beam-plasma
interaction
  • Experiments at FNAL A0 lab
  • Beam stopped in PWFA blowout expt
  • 12 MeV in 8 cm
  • Underdense plasma lens (nbgtnp)
  • Very low aberration
  • Asymmetric beams (LC scenario)

30
Recent Experimental Results IV Compression and
Coherent Radiation
  • 13 MeV experiments at Neptune
  • transverse phase space bifurcation
  • Velocity field dominant
  • 70 MeV BNL ATF expts now underway
  • lt100 fs beams
  • Coherent edge radiation
  • Phase space distortions from acceleration fields

S.G. Anderson, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 91,
074803 (2003).
31
Recent Experimental Results V Ultra-broad
spectrum SASE FEL
  • Bandwidth of up to 15 observed at high gain
  • Start-to-end simulations give details of
    microscopic physics
  • Red-shifting of off-axis modes dominant

Ultra-wide measured bandwidth at VISA II
Output of start-to-end simulations of VISA II
32
Recent Experimental Results VI High Gradient
Dielectric Wakes
  • FFTB ultra-short beam, 100 ?m aperture tube over
    10 GV/m
  • Initial run gave breakdown threshold
  • 4 GV/m surface field
  • 2 GV/m
  • Damage post-mortem ongoing

Ez from OOPIC simulation of hollow dielectric
tube (OOPIC)
View end of dielectric tube frames sorted by
increasing peak current
Ez lineout on-axis
33
Conclusions
  • UCLA represents a major resource in the national
    accelerator RD program
  • Valued collaborator with natl labs
  • Leadership in
  • Advanced concepts, ideas for future
  • Computational physics
  • Technologies
  • Experiments
  • Education - development of future leaders
  • Synergy between beams, HEP, light sources
  • Hands on and multi-disciplinary program is very
    attractive to students
  • Lets keep going!
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