Helicobacter pylori

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Vibrio cholera
Helicobacter pylori
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Campylobacter jejuni C. coli Morphology
Identification Gram negative comma, S shapes
motile with one polar flagellum. Culture and
Cultural Characteristics Microaerophilic, grow at
42c, Skirrows medium. Pathogenesis
Pathology Clinical Findings Diagnostic Laboratory
Tests C. Fetus Other Campylobacters Helicobacter
pylori Gram negative rods motile with multiple
polar flagella, microaerophilic, oxidase
positive. Media Skirrows, chocolate
agar. Pathogenesis Pathology Clinical
Findings Diagnostic Laboratory Tests Immunity Trea
tment Epidemiology
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Haemophilus,Bordetella, Brucella Group of
small gram negative rods that require enriched
media, usually containing blood or its
derivatives, for isolation. 1- Haemophilus
influenzae Morphology and Identification Short
1.5um capsulated coccobacilli and short
rods. Culture Growth Characteristics X V
factors. Chocolate agar. Antigenic
Structure Pathogenesis Clinical
Findings Diagnostic Laboratory Tests A-
Specimens B- Direct Identification C-
Culture Immunity Treatment / Epidemiology,
Prevention, Control.
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Haemophilus aegyptius H. Aphrophilus H.
Ducreyi Causes chancroid(soft chancer) The
Bordetellae Several species Bordetella
pertussis Morphology and Identification Pathogenes
is and Pathology Clinical Findings Diagnostic
Laboratory Tests Immunity Treatment /
Prevention, Epidemiology Control. B.
Parapertussis B. bronchoseptica
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The Brucellae Obligate parasites of animals
and humans and characteristically located
intracellularly. Morphologically and
Identification Short rods and coccobacilli gram
negative 1.2 um in length. Culture Cultural
Characteristics Pathogenesis and
Pathology Clinical Findings Diagnostic Laboratory
Tests A- Specimens B- Culture C-
Serology Immunity Treatment Epidemiology Preventio
n , Control
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Yersinia, Francisella, Pasteurella
Yersinia Pestis Morphology Identification Gram
negative rods with bipolar staining with special
stains. Pathogenesis and Pathology Clinical
Findings Diagnostic Laboratory Tests Treatment /
Epidemiology Control Yersinia enterocolitica
Y. pseudotuberculosis Francisella
tularemia Tularemia Paateurella P. multocida
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Infections Caused by Anaerobic Bacteria
The infections are usually polymicrobial caused
by anaerobic, aerobes and facultative anaerobes.
Anaerobic bacteria are present as normal flora on
the skin and mucosal surfaces and in high
concentration in the mouth and gastrointestinal
tract. Infection occurs when contamintion of
normal sterile body sites with aerobic and
anaerobic bacteria occurs Physiology Growth
Conditions of Anaerobic Bacteria. Anaerobic
Bacteria in Human Infections. Gram Negative
anaerobes A- Gram Negative Bacilli 1-
Bacteroides 2- Prevotella 3- Porphyromonas 4-
Fusobacteria B- Gram-Negative Cocci Veilonella
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Bacteroids
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Anaerobic Bacteria
Gram-Positive Anaerobes A- Gram-Positive
Bacilli 1- Actinomyces

• 2- Lactobacillus
• 2- Propionibacterium
• 4- Eubacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Arachenia
• 5- Clostridium
• B- Gram-Positive Cocci
• Peptostreptococcus
• Pathogenesis of Anaerobic Infections
• Polymicrobial Nature of Anaerobic Infections
• Diagnosis of Anaerobic Infections
• Treatment of Anaerobic Infections

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Legionella Unusual Bacterial Pathogens
Legionella Pneumophilia Morphology
Identification Gram negative fastidious rods
0.5-1 um wide 2-50 um long, poorly stained by
gram stain. Culture and Cultural
Characteristics Pathology And Pathogenesis Clinica
l Findings Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment /
Epidemiology Control Bacteria That Cause
Vaginosis Gardenella vaginalis Mobiluncus Streptob
acillus moniliformis Bartonella bacilliformis, B-
henselae, B. Quintana. Calymatobacterium(Donovania
) granulomatis Whipples Disease
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Mycobacteria
Rod-shaped aerobic bacteria, not stained by gram
stain Three species cause tuberculosis in
human Mycobacterium tuberculosis M. Bovis M.
Africanum Mycobacterium tuberculosis Morphology
and Identification Thin straight rods o.4x3
um Culture Growth Characteristics Pathogenesis
Pathology Primary Infection Reaction Types of
Tuberculosis. Immunity Hypersensitivity. Clinica
l Findings Tuberculin Test Diagnostic Laboratory
Tests. Treatment. Epidemiology/ Prevention
Control
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Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC or MAI)
Other Mycobacteria Mycobacterium
laprae Discovered by Hansen in 1873. Clinical
Findings Lepromatous type. Tuberculoid
type. Diagnosis. Treatment. Epidemiology. Preventi
on Control.
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Spirochetes Other Spiral Microorganisms Large
heterogeneous group of spiral motile bacteria.
Two families 1- Spirochaetaceae Three free
living genera. 2- Treponemataceae Three human
pathogens Treponema, Borrelia,
Leptospira. Treponema pallidum Morphology
Identification Slender spirals o.2um wide
5-15um length. Motile. Culture Growth
Characteristics Pathogenesis, Pathology,
Clinical Findings A- Acquired Syphilis
Primary, secondary, tertiary. B- Congenital
Syphilis Diagnostic Laboratory Tests A-
Specimens B- Darkfield examination C-
Immunofluorescence D- Serology
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Primary syphilis
Secondary syphilis
Papules
Tertiary syphilis
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Congenital syphilisI. Early
Runny nose (rhinitis) known as snuffles, a
macular rash and
mucus patches
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Hutchinson's teeth - peg-shaped upper incisors
Frontal bosses and saddle nose
Late congenital syphilis Gumma - thin, atrophic
scar from a previous gumma
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T. pallidum
1- Nontreponemal antigen tests A- VDRL, RPR B-
Complement fixation test(Wassermann, Kolmer). 2-
Treponemal antibody tests. A- Fluorescent
treponemal antibody. B- Hemagglutination
test. Immunity Treatment Epidemiology /
Prevention, Control. Diseases Related to
Syphilis Bejel Yaws Pinta Rabbit Syphilis
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Borrelia recurrentis - Relapsing fever
Morphology Identification Irregular spirals
10-30 um long o.3 um wide. Culture Pathology,
Pathogenesis, Clinical Findings Diagnostic
Laboratory Tests Treatment/ prevention,
epidemiology Control. Leptospira Morphology
Identification Culture Pathogenesis, Clinical
Findings Diagnostic Laboratory Tests. Treatment/
prevention, epidemiology Control.
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Mycoplasmas Cell-Wall-Defective Bacteria

• Mycoplamas
• gt150 species. At least 15 are of human origin.
  Four are oif primary importance.
• Morphology Identification
• Culture Growth Characteristics
• Mycoplasmal Infection
• Diagnostic Laboratory Tests.
• Treatment
• Treatment/ prevention, epidemiology Control.
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae Atypical pneumonia
• Pathogenesis Clinical Findings
• Laboratory tests
• Treatment/ prevention, epidemiology Control.
• M. Hominis
• Ureaplasma urealyticum
• M. Genitalium
• L forms

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Rickettsial Diseases
Rickettsiae are pleomorphic obligate
intracellular coccobacilli, short rods(o.3x1-2
um)or cocci(o.3 um in diameter). Are not stained
by gram stain but are visible under the light
microscope using Giemsa stain or other stains.
Rickettsiae can be cultured in living tissue
only. Yolk sac of embryonated chick eggs and
tissue culture. Mode of Transmission of
Rickettsial Diseases All rickettsiae need an
arthropod vector for their transmission except Q
fever. Clinical Findings Rickettsial infections
are characterized by fever, headache, malaise,
prostration, skin rash, and enlargement of spleen
and liver. However, no skin lesions in Q
fever. A- Typhus Group 1- Epidemic typhus 2-
Endemic typhus B - Spotted fever Group C- Scrub
typhus D- Q Fever Treatment Epidemiology
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Chlamydiae
Small cells o.3 um in diameter, obligate
intrcellular parasites as they lack mechanisms
for the production of metabolic energy which is
provided by the host. Their cell wall resemble
that of gram negative bacteria. Classification Thr
ee species 1- Chlamydia trachomatis A-
Trachoma B- Genital Infection Inclusion
Conjunctivitis. C- Respiratory Tract Infection D-
lymphogranuloma venereum 2- C. pneumoniae
Respiratory Infections. 3- C. psittaci
psittacosis(Ornithosis).
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