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Conceptual framework

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Title: Conceptual framework


1
Conceptual framework
  • Stefano Tarantola

2
challenges
  • Three crucial challenges for the scientific
    community to establish a theoretical framewirk of
    good quality
  • 1) check the feasibility of the effect of the
    proposed framework in relation to different
    dimensions (technical, economic, social,
    political, cultural) and different scales from
    local (technical coefficients), to large (trend
    analysis and benchmarks to compare trajectories
    of development)

3
challenges
  • 2) address several legitimate (and often
    contrasting) perspectives found among the
    stakeholders on how to structure the problem
  • 3) handle in a credible way the unavoidable
    degree of uncertainty (or genuine ignorance)
    associated to any multi-scale, multi-dimensional
    analysis of complex systems
  • (Giampietro et al, 2004)

4
The challenge
  • To integrate a broad set of (probably
    conflicting) points of view
  • And reduce the complexity in a measurable form
  • Example non-measurable issues (eg
    sustainability) need to be replaced by
    intermediate objectives whose achievement can be
    observed and measured.

5
  • essential aspect for the use of a composite
    indicator is
  • the existence of a community of peers
    (individuals, regions, countries) willing to
    accept the composite indicator as common
    yardstick and based on their mutual acceptance of
    the theoretical framework.

6
  • However good is the scientific basis for a given
    composite indicator, its acceptance relies on
    negotiation

7
Two examples
  • Innovation index 2005
  • e-business index for eEurope 2005 and for i2010

8
Framework for innovation
  • Innovation is identified as the process leading
    to the adoption and diffusion of new
    technologies, aimed at creating new processes,
    products and services.
  • Adoption represents the final stage of an
    invention, diffusion focuses on the supply of new
    goods and services to the consumer.
  • In this context, Innovation is the mean to
    achieve competitiveness in the framework of the
    revised Lisbon agenda.

9
Framework for innovation (2)
  • The general framework, the choice of the
    conceptual groups and the selection of the
    indicators have been carried out in consultation
    with a panel of experts from different Member
    States the GSO Group of Senior Officials

10
Framework for innovation (3)
  • The Summary Innovation Index is composed of two
    main groups, Innovation Input and Innovation
    Output.
  • The relevant elements of innovation Input are
    captured by three sub-groups of indicators

11
Framework for innovation (4)
  • The relevant elements of innovation Input are
    captured by three sub-groups of indicators
  • Innovation drivers, to measure the structural
    conditions required for innovation potential
  • Knowledge creation, to measure the investments on
    human factors and on RD activities, considered
    as the key elements for a successful
    knowledge-based economy
  • Innovation entrepreneurship, to measure the
    efforts towards innovation at the microeconomic
    level

12
Framework for innovation (5)
  • The relevant elements of innovation Output are
    captured by two sub-groups of indicators
  • Application, to measure the performance,
    expressed in terms of labour and business
    activities, and their value added in innovative
    sectors
  • Intellectual property, to measure the achieved
    results in terms of successful know how,
    especially referred to high-tech sectors.

13
Framework for innovation (6)
  • The choice of the indicators for the description
    of the phenomenon of innovation has been based on
    two main criteria
  • Policy relevance, with the aim of identifying
    indicators that are meaningful for decisional
    processes and reflective of the political
    orientations (i.e. Lisbon objectives)
  • Conceptual resonance in respect to the phenomenon
    object of study in other words ability of the
    formalised model to represent the issue.

14
Selection of indicators
  • Redundancy when 2 indicators are found to be
    redundant, which means that they give the same
    information, it is recommended to select only
    one.
  • Political impact when 2 indicators are highly
    correlated and convey strong political messages,
    they can be both included in the final list.
  • Availability indicators which prove to be
    available for a large number of countries, and
    which can be extracted from regularly updated
    databases are recommended.
  • First comer privilege when two indicators are
    redundant, it is recommended to select the one
    that was already included in the EIS 2004.

15
  • Second example e-business index for eEurope 2005
    and for i2010

16
Framework for e-business
  • Aim definition and calculation of a composite
    indicator to monitor country progress in the
    implementation of the e-Europe 2005 Action
    Plan...
  • The Council Resolution in 2003 provided a list of
    the component indicators. Example of a lacking
    conceptual framework

17
(No Transcript)
18
Framework for e-business
  • The list of component indicators adopted by the
    Council is not well structured partially
    overlapping of the category Adoption and Use.
    Some experts have criticised the composition of
    the list
  • Some dimensions are missing like eg. connection
    costs, firm management by ICT. Human capital is
    under-represented
  • Member States have always expressed skepticism
    about this index
  • A modification of the composition of the list
    would have requires negotiations with the Council
    (impossible!)

19
Framework for e-business
  • A new conceptual framework for e-business has now
    to be established for i2010 European Information
    Society 2010 (ICT phenomena have quick dynamics)
  • Negotiations with task forces and working groups
    of policy makers have been (and will be) carried
    out in various areas of information society and
    in various sectors of enterprises (e-business
    W_at_tch)

20
Framework for e-business
  • Preliminary actions
  • Consultations with stakeholders for the
    definition of the Information society strategy up
    to 2010 ? Commission Communication on challenges
  • A survey has been carried out by Eurostat among
    policy makers in order to identify core
    indicators for e-business in 2010

21
Framework for e-business
  • Key policy guidance issue is the revised Lisbon
    process, with a set of guidelines ( COM (2005)
    141 final, 12.4.2005)
  • 1. encourage the widespread use of ICT in public
    services, SMEs and households
  • 2. fix the necessary framework for the related
    changes in the organisation of work in the
    economy
  • 3. promote a strong European industrial presence
    in the key segments of ICT
  • 4. encourage the development of strong ICT and
    content industries, and well functioning markets
  • 5. ensure the security of networks and
    information, as well as convergence and
    interoperability in order to establish an
    information area without frontiers
  • 6. encourage the deployment of broad band
    networks

22
Framework for e-business
  • E-business Capability of a company to engage in
    electronic transactions with the objective of
    increasing business competitiveness
  • Adoption efforts made by companies to invest in
    e-business and efforts made by countries to
    remove barriers
  • Use The concrete use of e-business tools by
    companies
  • Impacts the perceived impacts on the economy due
    to the change in working practices induced by
    e-business.

23
General scheme
efficiency
Adoption (efforts, investments)
efficiency
  • Investments of the company
  • Network presence within enterprises (intranet,
    extranet, EDI)
  • Security facilities
  • Investments in skills
  • Internet literacy
  • ICT training courses
  • RD for new e-business solutions
  • Low barriers to uptake
  • Connection costs
  • Easy of registering a new business
  • Presence of broadband (wireless technology)

Perceived impact (impacts from use)
Use (use of tools)
  • Business Use
  • High level of basic use
  • Ubiquitous/fair adoption
  • High level of interaction
  • High level of transaction activity
  • Interaction B2B, B2C
  • Banking
  • Orders
  • E-purchases
  • Selling
  • Recruitment on line
  • Impact on commerce spending
  • E-commerce
  • Impact on e-services
  • Services offered
  • Business reporting costs savings
  • perceptions and expectations from company managers

24
Framework for e-business
  • A fourth group Expectations of economic
    operators
  • managers perceptions and actions are major
    drivers of e-business uptake
  • measure the efficiency of changes by comparing
    enterprises expected and perceived impacts

EXPECTED IMPACTS
PERCEIVED IMPACTS
USE
ADOPTION
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