World Bank Group

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World Bank Group

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Our Vision

• to become a Knowledge Bank that spurs the
  knowledge revolution in developing countries and
  acts as a catalyst for creating, sharing, and
  applying cutting edge knowledge necessary for
  poverty reduction and economic development

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Why focus on Knowledge?

• The knowledge revolution offers an opportunity
  to redraw the global economy by
• enhancing competitiveness
• offering new opportunities for economic growth
  and jobs
• better access to basic services
• increasing returns on investments in education
  and health
• empowerment of local communities and poor people

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The Four Pillars

• I. Supporting an enabling environment
• II. Expanding access
• III. Building human capacity
• IV. Supporting research, networking and
  communities of practice

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How These Programs Fit Together

• Supporting an
• enabling
• environment
• (Samia)
• Expanding
• Access (Samia)

• Global ICT Department
• InfoDev
• World Bank and IFC lending for ICT infrastructure

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How These Programs Fit Together (cont.)

• Education portfolio
• African Virtual University
• Global Development Learning Network
• World Links for Development
• Development Gateway
• Global Development Network
• Knowledge Sharing

• Building Capacity
• (Harry,
• Katherine)
• Supporting research, networking and communities
  of practice
• (Bruno)

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ICT and Development

• Is ICT relevant to poverty alleviation?
• Access offers major economic opportunities and
  potential for empowerment
• ICT enhances the quality, efficiency,
  transparency of public service provision
• Exclusion an economic and social burden

• Growth of ICT impressive in LDCs but digital
  divide has emerged, building on existing
  societal disparities

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ICT and Development

• Is there a role for the Public Sector?
• Privatization, strong regulation, competitive
  markets could double No. lines in poorer markets
  in Africa
• Reforms require passing (and enforcing) enabling
  legislation, and innovating in business landscape
• Regulatory agencies need competence and
  credibility
• The market, unassisted, will not provide a
  sufficient level of access today.

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ICT and Development

• Is there a role for the WBG?
• WB catalytic support of policy reform,
  liberalization and regulation (WB involved in
  more than 60 out of 80 telecom reform programs
  worldwide)
• WB support for universal access, E-applications
  in sectors (distance learning, e-government)
• IFC focus on support of alternative national,
  regional and local service providers
• MIGA support for expansion of mobile networks

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Past Performance and New Challenges

• One of the best performing sectors in the Banks
  Portfolio

• WBG development impact dramatically increased
• WB TA to Peru in 1993 (50m) Sector Inv.
  increased from 29m (1993) to 2100 (1998)
• IFC mobilization rate 9.3 of outside private
  financing for each dollar of IFC funding

The Bank Groups Experience in Information
Infrastructure, OED-OEG Report (2000)
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Past Performance and New Challenges

• IT lending in over 80 of projects (average 1.0B
  a year) but need best practices, awareness of
  opportunities.
• About 10 Global Special initiatives infoDev,
  World Links for Development, Global Knowledge
  Partnership, etc.
• Bridging Digital Divide

WB Sectors withICT Components
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42
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11
11
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Public Sector Mgmt.
Transportation
Agriculture
Education
Popultn, Hlth Nutn
Others
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Defining the Digital Divide
Share of low and lower- middle income countries
(LMICs)
Jan. 2000
Jan. 1995
18
28
Telephone main lines
5
14
Mobile subscribers
1.1
7.6
Estimated Internet Users

Source ITU World Telecommunication Indicators
Database
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One of many development divides
User distribution, by income group, Jan 2000
490
912
280
6 billion
million
million
million
100
High income
15
90
Upper
-
mid income
80
58
70
Lower
-
mid income
69
60
82
50
Low income
40
30
20
10
0
Mobile
Telephone
Population
users
lines
Source
ITU World Telecommunication Indicators Database.
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Internet Divergence
Number of Internet users, millions
Developed
Developing
Source ITU.
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International Internet Bandwidth
0.4
Gbps
USA /
Canada
56
Gbps
Gbps
18
0.5
Asia /
Europe
Gbps
Pacific
3
Gbps
Gbps
0.2
Latin
Africa
America
0.1
Gbps
Note
Gbps
Gigabits (1000 Mb) per second.
Source ITU adapted from
TeleGeography
.
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Shedding different lights at a complex set of
issues
Missing Link (Maitland Report)
Global Information Infrastructure
Digital Divide
Empowerment
Knowledge
Content
Applications
Regulatory aspects
Infrastructure
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
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Internet use and development
Revenues
Commerce
Content
Infrastructure
Services
Community
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
U.S.
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
MIDCs
Note A time shift perspective does not account
for accelerated technology adaptation
Source SoftBank
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Bridging Divides

• Access
• Know-how
• Content

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Strategic Directions

• Broadening and Deepening Sector and Institutional
  Reforms
• Developing Information Infrastructure
• Supporting ICT Applications
• Building ICT skills and Capacity

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Broadening Sector Reform

• Broadening focus across all ICT Components
  including new areas (Internet applications such
  as E-government and Ecommerce), convergence and
  previously overlooked sectors (postal, creative
  industries)
• Creating and enabling environment for e-commerce
  and e-government
• Strengthening Regulatory institutions to ensure
  capacity and credibility to implement sector
  reform
• Completing sector reform in countries that have
  not undergone basic market restructuring with new
  approached based on technological convergence

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Developing Information Infrastructure

• Extending Access beyond the market with WB
  support for innovative solutions such as
  public/private co-financing, universal access
  Funds community centered development
  (Telecenters) innovative solutions
• Exploiting synergies with other rural
  infrastructure projects across sectors.
• Investment branch (IFC) will focus on new
  entrants rather than incumbent operators and will
  increase investments in content and applications,
  including Internet
• infoDev e-readiness assessments of 40 countries

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Supporting ICT Applications

• Sectoral applications of ICT in areas such as
  health, education, public sector management and
  social services
• Strategic info. systems for finance, tax,
  education, health with a move towards use of the
  Internet
• WB lending projects have, on average an ICT
  component of 8 Millions.
• Focus on Change management, training and
  retooling clients counterparts.

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Building ICT skills and Capacity

• New trend triggered by global shortage of
  technicians and IT specialists
• Identifying needs for building ICT human capacity
• Advising governments and entrepreneurs on
  developing new information industries such as
  software exports, Application development and
  hosting, remote network management, call centers.
• Lending to Education in ICT in higher education
  projects
• Investing in private ICT training institutes from
  developing nations
• Supporting public-private partnerships for
  technical skills education and skills transfer

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Prioritization

• Countries Falling Behind
• Have not made progress toward sector reform
• Have begun reform, but costly universal access
• Hard to attract private investment
• Countries Best Placed to Benefit from Internet
  Revolution

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How much time left to ...

• build infrastructure ?
• train people ?
• establish trust ?
• provide a proper legal regulatory environment?

Partnerships as shortcuts
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Framework

• Building Capacity through the Education
  Portfolio
• Building the Knowledge Economy
• Higher Education in the New Economy
• Continuous and Lifelong Learning

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Potential Benefits of Incorporating ICTs in
Education

• Increased access to learning opportunities
• Improved quality of education
• Strengthened education management systems
• Shared knowledge

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Skilled Labor Force that can Create and Use
Knowledge

• Knowledge creates increasing returns, economic
  growth
• Technological revolution puts a premium on
  skilled workers
• Continuous learning becoming a necessity

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Objectives and Applications

• Access to technology
• Access to education
• Improve system
• Quality

• Computers in classrooms, curriculum, networking
  skills (Turkey)
• Distance learning, virtual schools (Brazil,
  Romania, Ghana)
• MIS (Lebanon)
• Classroom processes, teachers, curriculum
  revisions (India)

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Remaining Challenge

• Technology to transform education

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World Bank Education Work

• Education portfolio (lending and analytical)
  supports building of human capital
• 76 of new education projects include technology
  component (40 of new dollar lending)
• Distance education greatest proportion 57

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Technology in Education Lending
millions
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
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Technology in Education Projects(selected
examples)

• Turkey Computers and connectivity
• Brazil Virtual teacher certification
• Romania Distance learning for continuing
  education
• Ghana Radio broadcasting
• Jordan IT infrastructure for higher education

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IFC Invests in On-line Education

• egurucool.com
• Escola_at_24horas.com

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Messages

• Knowledge Economy
• Distance Education
• Partnership
• Next
• Enabling the Environment with Special Initiatives

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African Virtual University
To bridge the digital divide and knowledge
gap between Africa and the rest of the world by
dramatically increasing access to global
educational resources in Africa.
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AVU Academic Model
Lectures via satellite (live or taped)
AVU Site
Content Providers Worldwide
Local Learner Support
Students
Student interaction via phone and/or email
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AVU Capacity Building Activities

• Encourage research and use of ICT in African
  institutions
• Strengthen university libraries through AVUs
  digital library
• Foster shared use by students of AVU
  web-based resources
• Facilitate communication and linkages among
  academics and students in various parts of Africa
  and globally

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Results of the Pilot Phase 1997-1999

• Over 14,000 students have taken full semester
  courses in the sciences
• 3,500 seminar participants
• Web site now receives over 80,000 hits a day
• 10,000 AVU e-mail accounts are active
• Digital library with 1,100 journals

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AVU Transition

• AVU legally established in Nairobi with elected
  Board
• Financial backing from Dfid (U.K.), CIDA
  (Canada), Carnegie Foundation, World Bank
• Now undertaking international search for CEO and
  key staff

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Global Development Learning Network
To improve the development process by using
Distance Learning to connect development decision
makers to a global knowledge exchange.
Linking the World Through Learning
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Global Development Learning Network

via Distance Learning Centers (DLCs)
Courses Videoconference sessions complemented by
electronic learning and online collaboration
Videoconference Seminars
Computer-based Courses
Global Dialogues
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The Technologies
Global Development Learning Network

• Satellite Communications
• Videoconferencing
• Broadcast TV
• Broadband Internet
• E-Mail
• Video
• CD-ROM
• Face-to-Face
• Print
• Telephone/Fax

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Distance Learning Centers

• Global Network of Distance Learning Centers
  (DLCs)
• 6 Latin America
• 7 Africa
• 4 Asia
• 4 Europe
• 1 North America

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Target Audiences
Global Development Learning Network

• Decision makers in
• Government local, regional, national
• Para-government Agencies
• NGOs
• Academia
• Civil Society civic associations, teachers,
  journalists, others
• Private Sector

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GDLN Strategic Approach

• Reach wider audiences
• Offer content from a wide range of sources
• Reach a critical mass of participants to effect
  change
• Extend the reach of existing knowledge and
  learning institutions
• Network of networks

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GDLN Today

• Distance Learning Centers
• 22 today
• 50 by mid 2002
• Program Partners -- 60
• Project Partners expanding the network
• Learners -- from 40,000 to 150,000 by mid 2002
  (330,000 participant days)
• All connected via telecommunications networks

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GDLN Impacts So Far
Global Development Learning Network

• Increased knowledge sharing and improved
  decision-making through interactive learning
  (HIV/AIDS, education, ICT training)
• Enhanced country-to-country exchanges among
  experts, peers, and practitioners
• More cost-effective course delivery
• But we have a lot to learn about distance
• learning for development professionals.

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Global Development Learning Network
Opportunities for Partnership

• Provide programs that draw on development
• knowledge and experience
• Support DLCs in their own program
• development
• Set up distance learning centers
• Support GDLN Central Operations
• Network of networks tremendous outreach
  potential

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Knowledge Sharing Networks
 
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Main Dimensions

• knowledge communities, essentially networks of
  people with
• similar interests     
• culture shift from individualistic to team
  orientated and
• based on knowledge sharing
• knowledge management system, to capture,
  organize, and
• disseminate knowledge relevant to the Banks
  business, using new technologies

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Business Case

• Business survival requires sharing knowledge
• - speed faster cycle times
• - quality better quality service
• - innovation new approaches to poverty
  reduction
• Lending cannot achieve the mission of poverty
  reduction
• - knowledge sharing brings new actors
• - access to development know-how could change
  the equation

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Communities of practices

• collections of good practice, know-how,
  statistics
• dissemination to staff, partners, clients
• seminar, workshops, clinic, advice to Task Teams
• (Technology enables sharing E-Mail, Activity
  Rooms,
• Intranet, Web, Video Conferences, Distance
  Learning)

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- Open to new ideas and continuous learning -
Shares own knowledge, learns from others, and
applies knowledge in daily work - Builds
partnerships for learning and knowledge sharing.
Changing the culture
Annual personnel evaluation
- Awards for team work - Expos/Fairs, Innovation
Marketplace - Stories underlying desired behavior

• Informal
• reward recognition

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Knowledge Networks in the Bank
K
Engagement Information
Dialogue Space
Development Statistics
External Access
Directory of Expertise
Help Desk
KS On-line
Six Regions- country information- macro data
Six Networks- 16 sectors- 100 thematic groups
Enabling Technology
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Knowledge Networks in the Bank
KS Practice
University of Toronto
Retired
ECA Region
MNA Region
DEC
Indonesiafield office
Tax policy and administration thematic group
Public expenditure review Mission Madagascar
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• A new World Bank knowledge sharing initiative
• in collaboration with public and private partners
  organizations to create an online global portal
  on development issues and 50 country level
  portals
• over the next three years.

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• - Solve development problems by sharing
  high-quality information from local, national and
  global sources, tailored to users needs by topic
  and community, quickly and easily.
• - A platform to facilitate the establishment of
  common standards for the exchange of information
  among the development community
• - Expanded opportunities for building and sharing
  knowledge and experience in and among developing
  countries

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Partnerships

• - core of the Gateway business model
• - public and private sector organizations, and
  civil society collaborators
• - partner organizations are a key element in
  content development and quality assurance
• - partners provide technology support (SAP)
• Financial support

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Local Solutions to Local Problems

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What is the GDN?

- electronic venue for dialogue and knowledge
sharing on key issues and challenges facing the
development community - particular emphasis on
learning from those tackling these challenges in
their daily lives - discussions, sponsored by the
Bank or partners, are open to the public through
email and the Web
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Economic Education Research Consortium
Partnerships

Economic Education Research Consortium
Center for Economic Research
Economic Research Forum
South Asian Network of Economic Institutes
South Asian Network of Economic Institutes
Latin American and Caribbean Economic
Association
Economic Research Forum
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Education Knowledge Network

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Local Governments Network

www.ayudaurbana.com (interactive web-based tool
for municipal management)
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