Digestive System

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Digestive System
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Digestion

• Digestion is the physical and chemical breakdown
  of food

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Oral cavity Mouth

• Teeth
• Allow for taking in food and chewing
• 32 adult teeth
• 20 baby teeth
• Covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the
  human body

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Salivary glands

• Glands located in the head neck region
• Make saliva
• Moisten food
• Some chemical breakdown of food (especially
  carbohydrates)
• Antibacterial

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Pharynx

• Throat
• Swallowing takes place here
• Eustachian tube (Auditory tube) connects pharynx
  with middle ear

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Esophagus

• Muscular tube that connects pharynx with stomach
• Functions to transport food via peristalsis

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Stomach

• gastr- is stomach
• Located in your abdominal cavity, just under
  ribcage on left side
• Stores and mixes food
• Liquefies food
• Secretes HCl for protein breakdown
• Secretes mucus for protective lining

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Small Intestine

• Small in diameter, not length
• It is over 20 feet long
• Has villi and microvilli
• Has numerous blood vessels

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Small Intestine

• Absorption of food
• Peristalsis

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Pancreas

• Important in digestion although food does not
  pass through the pancreas
• Releases juices into the beginning of the small
  intestine that break down food enzymatically

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Liver

• Although food does not pass through the liver, it
  is important in digestion
• Large organ that lies just below your rib cage on
  the right side
• hepat- means liver

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Liver

• The liver makes bile to help break down fats into
  smaller pieces thus making them easier to digest
• The liver is the major site of detoxification
  with its enormous blood supply
• Liver stores nutrients (e.g. glucose, minerals,
  vitamins
• Central hub of metabolism
• Makes clotting proteins

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Gall bladder

• A small pouch near the liver
• Stores bile

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Large Intestine

• Named for the diameter, not the length
• It is about 5 feet long

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Large Intestine

• Appendix small pouch at the beginning of the
  large intestine no useful function
• Colon most of the large intestine
• Rectum large intestine that enters the pelvic
  cavity
• Anus Sphincter muscles that is the terminal
  opening of the large intestine

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Large Intestine

• Forms and stores waste called feces
• Mucus secretion
• Minor water absorption
• Vitamin K and some B vitamins are made by
  bacteria in the large intestine

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Indigestion

• Abnormal digestion
• Heartburn acid spills upward into the esophagus
  has nothing to do with the heart
• Colic babies sometimes get digestive pain,
  often due to difficult digestion of lactose

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Gastroenteritis

• Vomiting Reverse peristalsis. Complications
  from severe vomiting include dehydration, pH
  changes in body, esophagus, throat, mouth
  irritation
• Diarrhea Increased peristalsis or increased
  water content in feces. Prolonged diarrhea can
  lead to dehydration

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Food Poisoning

• Staphylococcus - Toxins released in high-protein,
  moist and warm foods Acute
• Salmonella - bacteria common in poultry and hogs.
  Gastroenteritis signs. Cooking will kill the
  organism
• Campylobacter - Common in chicken. Killed with
  proper cooking

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Gastric ulcer
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Appendicitis
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Cirrhosis

• Scarring of the liver
• Permanent
• Most common cause is chronic alcohol use

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Eating Disorders

• Anorexia nervosa
• Bulimia

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