Incineration versus Zero Waste

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Incineration versus Zero Waste

• St. Paul, MN, Nov 14, 2007
• Dr Paul Connett
• Professor Emeritus of Chemistry
• St Lawrence University, Canton, NY
• Paul_at_FluorideALERT.org
• www.FluorideALERT.org

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Air emissions versus fuel(pounds per thousand
kwh)
Leaflet from Xcel Energy
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Air emissions versus fuel(pounds per thousand
kwh)
Leaflet from Xcel Energy
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Air emissions versus fuel(pounds per thousand
kwh)
Leaflet from Xcel Energy
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Air emissions versus fuel(pounds per thousand
kwh)
Leaflet from Xcel Energy
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Air emissions versus fuel(pounds per thousand
kwh)
Leaflet from Xcel Energy
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ECONOMIC COSTS

• Natural Gas Burner for ROCK-TENN
• 11.2 million
• RDF/biomass Burner
• 300 - 500 million ?????

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OUTLINE

• 1. Waste Management the Big Picture
• 2. The arguments against incineration
• 3. Incineration air emissions
• 4. Incineration dioxins
• 5. The alternative to landfills and incinerators

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Waste Management the Big Picture
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• We are living on this planet as if we had another
  one to go to
• We cannot run a throwaway society on a finite
  planet
• We are robbing our own children and grandchildren
  
• This is colonialism in time!
• Landfills BURY the evidence
• Incinerators BURN the evidence
• We need to face the real problem

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Our task is to fight the throwaway ethic
over-consumption
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Not only is over-consumption giving us a local
waste crisis but also
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a Global crisis
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Global warming is the symptom, what is the cause?
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The Global CrisisSince the Industrial
Revolution we have imposed a linear society on a
planet that functions in circles
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A LINEAR SOCIETY
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A LINEAR SOCIETY
Extraction
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A LINEAR SOCIETY
Extraction
Production
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A LINEAR SOCIETY
Extraction
Production
Consumption
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A LINEAR SOCIETY
Extraction
Waste
Production
Consumption
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Advertising/TV
Extraction
Waste
Production
Consumption
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Over-advertisingproducesOver-consumption
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By the time a high school student leaves school,
he or she will have watched over 350,000 TV
commercials. Paul Hawken The Ecology of
Commerce.
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Myth versus Reality

• THE MYTH
• The more you consume the happier you become
• THE REALITY
• The more you consume the fatter you become!

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Modern man!
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The world has enough for everyones needbut not
for everyones greedMahatma Gandhi
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A LINEAR SOCIETY
Extraction of Virgin Materials
Production of Manufactured items
Consumption
Waste
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A LINEAR SOCIETY
ENERGY
Extraction of Virgin Materials
Production of Manufactured items
Consumption
Waste
Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon
dioxide
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ENERGY
Extraction of Virgin Materials
Production of Manufactured items
Consumption
Waste
Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon
dioxide
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ENERGY
ENERGY
Extraction of Virgin Materials
Production of Manufactured items
Consumption
Discarded Materials
Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon
dioxide
Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon
dioxide
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ENERGY
ENERGY
Extraction of Virgin Materials
Production of Manufactured items
Consumption
Discarded Materials
Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon
dioxide
Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon
dioxide
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INCINERATION LANDFILLS
ENERGY
ENERGY
Extraction of Virgin Materials
Production of Manufactured items
Consumption
Discarded Materials
Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon
dioxide
Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon
dioxide
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RECYCLING OF MATERIALS
ENERGY
ENERGY
Extraction of Virgin Materials
Production of Manufactured items
Consumption
Discarded Materials
Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon
dioxide
Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon
dioxide
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REUSE OF OBJECTS
ENERGY
ENERGY
Extraction of Virgin Materials
Production of Manufactured items
Consumption
Discarded Materials
Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon
dioxide
Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon
dioxide
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COMPOSTING
ENERGY
ENERGY
Extraction of Virgin Materials
Production of Manufactured items
Consumption
Discarded Materials
Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon
dioxide
Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon
dioxide
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Waste Management Options and Climate Change. AEA
2002

• Overall, source segregation of MSW, followed by
  recycling (for paper, metals, textiles and
  plastics) and composting/AD (for putrescible
  wastes) gives the lowest net flux of greenhouse
  gases compared to other forms of treatment of
  bulk MSW

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Kg Greenhouse gas/tonne Municipal Waste
Waste Management Options and Climate Change. AEA
2002
Slide from Attilio Tornavacca
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Incineration is a waste of energy!

• 3-4 times more energy can be saved by a
  combination of reuse, recycling and composting
  compared to incineration
• Contact Dr. Jeffrey Morris, jeff.morris_at_zerowaste
  .com

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Energy Comparison Recycling versus incineration
(ICF consulting, 2005)
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2. Arguments against incinerators

• They generate a toxic ash which is poorly handled
• They generate toxic air emissions, which are
  poorly monitored
• They are extremely expensive and a poor
  investment for our children.
• They are very unpopular with the public and
  pushed into communities undemocratically
• Incineration is not sustainable
• There are better alternatives which are

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Incineration is extremely unpopular

• In the US over 300 incinerator proposals defeated
  since 1985
• US has not permitted a new trash incinerator
  since 1995.

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Incineration is a poor investment

• Most of the money spent on incinerators goes into
  complicated machinery and leaves the community,
  whereas
• The money spent on the alternatives goes into
  jobs and stays in the community.

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Think of an incinerator as three boxes
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Think of an incinerator as three boxes
1. The Furnace which Converts 100s of Tons of
trash into Trillions of tiny particles and gases.
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Think of an incinerator as three boxes
1. The Furnace which Converts 100s of Tons of
trash into Trillions of tiny particles and gases.
2. The Air Pollution control devices Which
attempt to capture the tiny particles and some
of the gases
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Think of an incinerator as three boxes
1. The Furnace which Converts 100s of Tons of
trash into Trillions of tiny particles and gases.
3. A depository for the tiny particles captured
(the fly ash) and the bottom ash
2. The Air Pollution control devices Which
attempt to capture the tiny particles and some
of the gases
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For every three tons of trash you get about one
ton of ash
ELECTRICITY
TURBINE
WET SCRUBBER
SECONDARY CHAMBER
DE-NOX
STEAM
FABRIC FILTER
TEMP lt 200oC
CHUTE
BOILER
SEMI- DRY SCRUBBER
Ca(OH) 2
SUSPENSION
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
GRATES
AMMONIA INJECTION
TRASH
FLY ASH
BOTTOM ASH
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Ash management

• In Germany Switzerland fly ash put into nylon
  bags and placed in salt mines
• In Japan some incinerators vitrify the ash
• In the Netherlands they put the fly ash into
  asphalt and the bottom ash into road bed
• In Denmark
• They send all the ash to Norway
• In the US the EPA allows the bottom ash and fly
  ash to be mixed together before testing

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3. Incineration air emissions
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AIR EMISSIONS
CO2 H2O
ACID GASES HCI, HF, SO2 NOx
TOXIC METALS Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr etc
NEW COMPOUNDS PCBs PCDDs (DIOXINS) PCDFs
(FURANS) ETC
NANO PARTICLES
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Catalytic oxidizers
Brominated/chlorinated dioxins and furans
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
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Incineration is not sustainable

• It wastes material resources
• It wastes energy
• It wastes the opportunity to fight global warming
  and the many other impacts of extracting and
  processing virgin materials

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Incineration nanoparticles

• Both morbidity and mortality in large cities can
  be related to particulate matter (PM) (from
  traffic, power stations and industry)
• As the particles get smaller the relationship
  gets stronger
• A modern incinerator converts hundreds or
  thousands of tons of trash each day into
  trillions of nanoparticles
• These nanoparticles are the most dangerous of any
  combustion source

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Incineration nanoparticles

• Nanoparticles from incinerators contain
• neurotoxic metals,
• stabilized free radicals
• thousands of newly synthesized compounds
  (including PCBs, dioxins and furans).
• Any toxic element used in commerce has the
  potential to end up in nanoparticles produced by
  incinerators

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The dangers of nanoparticles

• Nanoparticles are not efficiently captured by air
  pollution control devices,
• travel long distances,
• penetrate deep into the lungs

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Nano Pathology

• Nano particles can easily cross the cell
  membranes of every tissue
• Including the blood brain barrier and the nuclear
  membrane
• Nanoparticles can carry neurotoxic metals into
  the brain

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Aggregati di Piombo, Bario, Cromo, Ferro e
Silicio in Cervello.
www.stefanomontanari.net
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Nano Pathology

• Nanoparticles can carry stabilized free radicals
  (which cause oxidative stress - inflammation -
  many degenerative diseases) into every tissue in
  the body
• also dioxins and furans

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Free Radical Attack
Aus Free Radicals Randox Ltd.
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4. Dioxins and Incineration
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Dioxins - major health concerns

• Dioxins accumulate in animal fat. One liter of
  cows milk gives the same dose of dioxin as
  breathing air next to the cows for EIGHT MONTHS
  (Connett and Webster, 1987).
• In one day a grazing cow puts as much dioxin into
  its body as a human being would get in 14 years
  of breathing (McLachlan, 1995)!
• Dioxins steadily accumulate in human body fat.
  The man cannot get rid of them BUT A woman can
• by having a baby!
• Thus the highest dose of dioxin goes to the fetus
  and then to the new born infant via breastfeeding

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Dioxins interfere with fetal and infant devlopment

• Dioxins act like fat soluble hormones
• Disrupt at least six different hormonal systems
  male and female sex hormones thyroid hormones
  insulin gastrin and gluocorticoid.
• Linda S. Birnbaum (Health Effects Research
  Laboratory, US EPA) Developmental Effects of
  Dioxins Environmental Health Perspectives, 103
  89-94, 1995

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Effects of dioxins on thyroid function of new
born babies

• H.J. Pluim et al., The Lancet, May 23, 1992.
  (Volume 339, 1303)
• Examined 38 new born babies, divided them into 2
  groups
• Low-exposed (mothers had average 18.6 ppt dioxins
  in milk fat, range 8.7 - 28)
• High-exposed (mothers had average 37.5 ppt
  dioxins in milk fat, range 29 - 63)

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Effect of Dioxins on Neonatal Thyroid Function
after Low-exposure and High-exposure at various
ages
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Our Stolen FutureHow Man-made Chemicals are
Threatening our Fertility, Intelligence and
Survival

• Theo Colborn
• John Peterson Myers
• Dianne Dumanoski
• 1994

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IQ and population
Number of Kids With a Specific IQ
100
IQ
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IQ and population
Number of Kids With a Specific IQ
Very Bright
100
IQ
Mentally handicapped
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IQ and population
Number of Kids With a Specific IQ
Very Bright
95 100
IQ
Mentally handicapped
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WE WANT DIOXIN
OUT OF OUR BABIES!
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Institute of Medicine, 2003

• Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds in the Food
  Supply
• Strategies to Decrease Exposure
• July 1, 2003

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Institute of Medicine, 2003

• Fetuses and breastfeeding infants may be at
  particular risk from exposure to dioxin like
  compounds (DLCs) due to their potential to cause
  adverse neurodevelopmental, neurobehavioral, and
  immune system effects in developing systems

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Institute of Medicine, 2003

• The committee recommends that the government
  place a high public health priority on reducing
  DLC intakes by girls and young women in the years
  well before pregnancy is likely to occur.
• (by) Substituting low-fat or skim milk, for whole
  milk, (and) foods lower in animal fat

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WE WANT DIOXIN
OUT OF OUR FOOD!
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Do not build incinerators within 50 km of food
production - particularly grazing animals
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Promoters say that modern incinerators have
solved the dioxin problem, but have they?
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Yang Kim (2004). Characteristics of dioxins and
metals emission from radwaste plasma arc melter
system.  Chemosphere 57 421-428

• When PVC was fed into the high-temperature
  melter, a significant quantity of PCDD/Fs,
  cadmium and lead was emitted.
• Wet scrubbing with rapid quenching, as well as a
  low temperature two-step fine filtration, or both
  of them together cannot effectively control the
  volatile metal species and gas-phase PCDD/Fs.
• The removal of PVC from the feed waste stream
  must also be effective to reduce the emissions of
  the PCDD/Fs, cadmium and lead species.

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While modern incinerators have reduced dioxin
emissionsthere is no real accountabilityin most
countries
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YOU NEED THREE THINGS TO PROTECT THE PUBLIC FROM
TOXIC EMISSIONS.
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YOU NEED THREE THINGS TO PROTECT THE PUBLIC FROM
TOXIC EMISSIONS.
STRONG REGULATIONS
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YOU NEED THREE THINGS TO PROTECT THE PUBLIC FROM
TOXIC EMISSIONS.
STRONG REGULATIONS
ADEQUATE MONITORING
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YOU NEED THREE THINGS TO PROTECT THE PUBLIC FROM
TOXIC EMISSIONS.
STRONG REGULATIONS
ADEQUATE MONITORING
TOUGH ENFORCEMENT
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YOU NEED THREE THINGS TO PROTECT THE PUBLIC FROM
TOXIC EMISSIONS.
STRONG REGULATIONS
ADEQUATE MONITORING
TOUGH ENFORCEMENT
IF ANY LINK IS WEAK THE PUBLIC IS NOT PROTECTED
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Even if we made incineration safe we would never
make it sensible. It simply does not make sense
to spend so much money destroying resources we
should be sharing with the future. (PC)
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Incineration is not sustainable
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DIFFERENT TIMES DIFFERENT QUESTIONS
21st CENTURY RESOURCE MANAGEMENT How do we
handle our discarded resources in ways which do
not deprive future generations of some, if not
all, of their value ?
20th CENTURY WASTE MANAGEMENT How do we get
rid of our waste efficiently with minimum damage
to our health and the environment ?
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Incineration Perfecting a bad idea

• Our task in the 21st Century is not to find
  better ways to destroy discarded materials
• But to stop making packaging and products that
  have to be destroyed!

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5. The Sustainable Alternative to landfills and
incineration the ZERO WASTE 2020 strategy
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Zero Waste 2020

• No to incinerators
• No to landfills
• No to a throwaway society
• Yes to a sustainable society
• Zero Waste is an idealistic goal, but
• Zero Waste 2020 puts it into a realistic
  timeframe
• Zero Waste is a new direction
• Its moving from the back end of waste disposal
• to the front end of resource management and
  industrial design for sustainability

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Waste is not a technical problem but

• a problem of
• organization,
• education and
• industrial design

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To achieve Zero Waste

• We need three things
• INDUSTRIAL RESPONSIBILITY (at the front end)
• COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY (at the back end)
• 3) GOOD LEADERSHIP (in both places)

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Industrial Responsibility

• 1. Design for sustainability
• 2. Clean production
• 3. Extended Producer Responsibility

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Extended Producer Responsibilty - packaging

• The Ontario (Canada) Beer industry has been
  using refillable glass bottles for 50 years
• 98 recovered
• Each bottle reused 18 times
• It saves the company money
• 2000 jobs in collection and cleaning
• No cost to municipality

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Extended Producer Responsibilty - products

• XEROX CORPORATION EUROPE
• Recovers copying machines from 16 different
  countries
• Takes them to huge warehouses in the Netherlands,
  where the machines are stripped down for parts
  and materials
• 95 of materials recovered for reuse or
  recycling!
• This is saving Xerox 76 millions a year!!

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Solid waste is the visible face of inefficiency!
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For more examples of Industrial Responsibility

• Contact Gary Liss at gary_at_garyliss.com
• For more information on EPR initiatives contact
  Bill Sheehan at
• Bill_at_productpolicy.org

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COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY

• Community responsibility begins with Source
  Separation
• One container for compostables (i.e.the organic
  fraction)
• One (or more) containers for the recyclables
• One container for the residuals

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1
2
3
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1
2
3
Composting Facility
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Slides from Enzo Favoino
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Composting Facility for San Francisco
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1
2
3
Composting Facility
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1
2
3
Composting Facility
Materials Recovery Facility
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MATERIALS RECOVERY FACIILITY
at Pier 96
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1
2
3
Composting Facility
Materials Recovery Facility
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We have to minimize what goes into container 3 -
the residuals
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1
2
3
Composting Facility
Materials Recovery Facility
Reuse Repair
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1
2
3
Composting Facility
Materials Recovery Facility
Reuse Repair
Deconstruction
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Burlington, Vermont

• Recycle North (27 employees, gross income over
  700,000) offers an excellent model of reuse,
  repair, job training and deconstruction - see
  video.
• www.recyclenorth.org
• See also Urban Ore, Berkeley
• Revolve, Canberra, Australia
• Waste Wise, Georgetown, Ontario
• EcoCycle, Boulder, Colorado
• Eureka Recycling, St. Paul, MN

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1
2
Community Initiatives to Reduce waste
3
Composting Facility
Materials Recovery Facility
Reuse Repair
Deconstruction
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Italy

• A supermarket chain near Florence is providing
  dispensers which allow customers to refill
  shampoo and detergent bottles
• Others wine, water and milk

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Alcune iniziative italiane per la riduzione
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• Un pizzico di creatività a monte può far
  risparmiare milioni a valle

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Ireland

• Has a 15 cent tax on plastic shopping bags -
  reduced use by over 90 in one year
• 80 towns in Australia have banned plastic
  shopping bags completely

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1
2
Community Initiatives to Reduce waste
3
Composting Facility
Materials Recovery Facility
Residuals ?
Reuse Repair
Deconstruction
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The residual fraction is the key difference
between incineration and the Zero Waste strategy

• Incineration attempts to make the residuals
  disappear
• Zero Waste 2020 needs to make the residuals VERY
  VISIBLE, because
• Residual Fraction bad industrial design and
  poor purchasing decisions
• We need better industrial design, community
  organization and individual responsibility to
  move towards sustainability

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The Key Step Forward
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RESIDUAL SCREENING FACILITY
Operating in Nova Scotia
DIRTY ORGANIC FRACTION
MORE TOXICS
MORE RECYCLABLES
BIOLOGICAL STABILIZATION
INTERIM LANDFILL
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What we need
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RESIDUAL SCREENING FACILITY
Operating in Nova Scotia
DIRTY ORGANIC FRACTION
MORE TOXICS
MORE RECYCLABLES
BIOLOGICAL STABILIZATION
INTERIM LANDFILL
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RESIDUAL SCREENING RESEARCH FACILITY
DIRTY ORGANIC FRACTION
MORE TOXICS
MORE RECYCLABLES
NON-TOXIC, NON-BIODEGRADABLE FRACTION
BIOLOGICAL STABILIZATION
RESEARCH CENTER
INTERIM LANDFILL
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RESIDUAL SCREENING RESEARCH FACILITY
NON-RECYCABLE MATERIALS
Local University
Or Technical College
RESEARCH CENTER
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RESEARCH CENTER

• Improve capture rate of reusables, recyclables
  and clean compostables (Captain Garbage - make it
  fun!)
• Recommend waste avoidance strategies for local
  businesses
• Develop some local uses for some materials
• Recommend better industrial designs to industry
  on packaging etc
• Develop alternatives to some of the toxics in
  products (batteries, paint, solvents etc)

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1
2
Community Initiatives to Reduce waste
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Composting Facility
Materials Recovery Facility
Residual Screening Reseach Facility
Reuse Repair
Deconstruction
Household toxics
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The Residual Screening Research Facility

• Is the key link between Community Responsibility
  and Industrial Responsibility

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Networking for Sustainability

• Need a network of local research centers linked
  to state, regional and federal research
  institutes working on a SUSTAINABLE FUTURE

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WITH INCINERATION

• WE CONVERT 3 TONS OF TRASH
• into
• 1 ton of ASH
• That nobody wants!

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WITH THE ZERO WASTE 2020 STRATEGY

• WE CONVERT 3 TONS OF TRASH
• into
• 1 ton of compostables
• 1 ton of recyclables
• and
• 1 ton of EDUCATION!

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The Message to Industry

• If we cant reuse it, recycle it or compost it,
• Industry shouldnt be making it and
• we shouldnt be buying it!!!

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Another three reasons why ZW 2020 is better than
incineration

• Jobs!
• Jobs !!
• Jobs !!!

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Nova Scotia

• 50 diversion in 5 years (Halifax 60)
• 1000 jobs created collecting and treating
  discarded materials
• Another 2000 jobs created in the industries
  handling the collected material
• Nearly all the separated materials are re-used in
  Nova Scotias own industries.

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Zero waste Initiatives around the world

• www.GRRN.org
• www.ZWIA.org
• www.CRRA.org
• www.ecocycle.org

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Canberra, Australia

• Passed law No Waste by 2010
• Currently over 70 diversion
• Setting up a Resource Recovery Park to locate
  all the industries which can make products out of
  separated materials

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Ontario

• The city of Markham (north of Toronto) has
  diverted 70 from landfill in 2 years.
• Contact Councillor Erin Shapiro
• eshapero_at_markam.ca
• www.Markham.ca

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Prince Edward Island, Canada

• Whole island has door to door collection of
  recyclables and compostables

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New Zealand

• Over 50 of communities have declared a Zero
  Waste strategy

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San Francisco

• Population 850,000
• Very little space
• 50 waste diverted by 2000
• 63 waste diverted by 2004
• 75 waste diverted by 2010 (goal)
• 100 (or very close!) by 2020 Zero Waste

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The Fantastic 3
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ALL FOOD SCRAPS, YARD TRIMMINGS AND COMPOSTABLE
PAPER GO IN THE GREEN CART
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The source separated organics go to a composting
faciolity
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THE COMPOST IS SOLD TO LOCAL FARMERS
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THE FOOD PRODUCED GOES BACK TO SAN FRANCISCO
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ALL BOTTLES, CANS AND RECYCLABLE PAPER GO IN THE
BLUE CART
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MATERIALS RECOVERY FACIILITY
at Pier 96
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Italy

• Italy has pioneered new door to door collection
  systems to maximize the collection of clean
  organic material
• Important work done by Enzo Favorino from the
  Agricultural School in the Parco Monza, near
  Milan.

153
Comunità in Lazio che hanno riciclato più del 50
dei rifiuti attraverso il sistema di raccolta
porta-a-porta in un solo anno!
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Italy

• Over 600 communities in Italy are achieving over
  50 diversion using door to door collection
  systems
• In the North, Novara - (population 100,000) at
  70 diversion in 18 months
• In the South, Near Salerno 4 communities over 70

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Italy

• The Treviso region - 22 communities averaging 76
  diversion

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• RISULTATI QUANTITATIVI
• AUMENTO RACCOLTA DIFFERENZIATA

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RISULTATI QUANTITATIVI AUMENTO RACCOLTA
DIFFERENZIATA
158

• DIFFERENZIATA COSTA DI PIU?

Costi di gestione senza raccolta
differenziata Costi di gestione con raccolta
differenziata
159

• La gestione dei rifiuti
• nei Comuni del Consorzio Priula
• Paolo Contò
• Consorzio Intercomunale Priula - Villorba (TV)
• consorzio_at_priula.it

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VIDEOS

• On the Road to Zero Waste
• Part 1 Nova Scotia, Canada
• Part 2 Burlington, Vermont, US
• Part 3 Canberra, Australia
• Part 4 San Francisco
• ZERO WASTE Idealistic Dream or Realistic Goal?

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GOOD LEADERSHIP
We need leaders with Big vision imagination and
WHO ARE NOT BORING!
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HUMAN BORINGS

• Have no imagination
• have no vision
• have no sense of humor
• are obsessively tidy
• confuse being clever with being wise
• have more faith in machines than people
• believe science and technology can fix every
  problem
• believe man is the centre of the universe
• And a womans place is in the kitchen!

163
Boring experts think with the wrong end of their
bodies !
164
A BACK END THINKER
1. A CUP 2. A BUCKET 3. A FOOT PUMP 4. AN
ELECTRIC PUMP
165
A FRONT END THINKER
166
The waste problem

• Is too important to be left to waste experts
• We need all sectors involved if we are to move
  towards a sustainable society
• As far as sustainability is concerned the waste
  problem is a fabulous place to start

167
Education
Sustainable agriculture
Zero Waste 2020
Architecture
Industrial Design Labor Unions
Sustainable Energy
Community development
Sustainable Economic Development
168
When you build an incinerator, you are
advertising to the world the you are not clever
enough - either politically or technically - to
recover your discarded resources
169
When you build an incinerator, you are
advertising to the world the you are not clever
enough - either politically or technically - to
recover your discarded resources
THIS COMMUNITY IS NOT READY FOR THE DEMANDS OF
THE 21ST CENTURY.
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TAX PAYERS DOLLARS
JOBS ENERGY SMALL BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
FLEXIBILITY VISION RESOURCES
IMAGINATION CREATIVITY
COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY
INDUSTRIAL
RESPONSIBILITY SUSTAINABILITY
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Three final messages

• To Citizens
• Dont let the experts take your common sense
  away
• To Politicians
• Put your faith back in people - stop trying to
  solve all your problems with overpaid consultants
  and magic machines
• To Activists
• Have Fun!

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Dio ricicla, il diavolo brucia
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The Battle Hymn of Garbage

• (Chorus)
• We dont want incineration
• We dont want incineration
• We dont want incineration
• We know theres a better way!

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The Battle Hymn of Garbage

• While we recognize our landfills
• All are swelling with the waste
• This doesnt justify
• A bad decision made in haste!
• Let us put our heads together
• So the problem may be faced
• And we must do it now!

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The Battle Hymn of Garbage

• (Chorus)
• We dont want incineration
• We dont want incineration
• We dont want incineration
• We know theres a better way!

176
The Battle Hymn of Garbage

• Mine eyes have seen the garbage
• Thats a smoldering on the grate
• We must stop incineration
• Before it is too late
• Unless we wish the dangers
• We had better separate
• And we must do it now!

177
The Battle Hymn of Garbage

• (Chorus)
• We dont want incineration
• We dont want incineration
• We dont want incineration
• We know theres a better way!