Identification and Location Services ILS

1
Identification and Location Services (ILS)

• Mark L. Younge P.E.
• ATIS GSC Delegation

2
Identification and Location Services (ILS)

• Overview
• Location Based Services (LBS)
• Wireless Emergency Services (WES)
• Technology Architecture
• Positioning Technologies
• ILS Standards Specifications

3
Identification and Location Services (ILS)

• Definition
• ILS is a suite of wireless mobility services
  aimed at providing the location and other
  information of a mobile subscriber (target) to an
  ILS subscriber(s) (client) to provide and/or
  augment commercial and public services.
• Note the ILS subscriber may also be the ILS
  client
• Why ILS
• Because you have to (Regulatory Mandate)
• Competitive differentiation by providing highly
  personalized services based on the location and
  preferences of the subscriber and client
• ILS Components
• Location Based Services/Applications (LBS)
• Technology Architecture

4
Location Based Services

• Location based information
• Personalized push/pull information services based
  on subscribers proximity to certain locations
  (e.g. Restaurants, retail stores, movie theaters,
  etc.)
• Location sensitive billing
• Rate plans based on proximity to home or work
• Emergency services
• The subscribers position is given to public
  service in order to dispatch on site emergency
  assistance (e.g. medical, fire, rescue, etc.)
• Tracking
• Monitoring the location and route of the
  subscriber in real time (e.g. transportation,
  security, surveillance, etc.)

5
Wireless Emergency Services (WES)

• US Mandate for WES
• Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Order
  94-102 requires
• Phase 0, October 1, 1997 - All 911 calls to be
  delivered to Public Safety Answer Points (PSAP)
  including non-initialized mobile devices
• Phase I, April 1, 1998 - Provide a call back
  number and location data to PSAP
• Phase II October 1, 2001 - Provide caller
  location within 125 meters 67 of the time based
  on a root mean square (RMS) average
• Phase II (to be phased in over a 4 year period)
• Handset based - 50 meters 67 of the time, 150
  meters 95 of the time
• Network based - 100 meters 67 of the time, 300
  meters 95 of the time
• Hybrid - 50 meters 67 of the time, 150 meters
  95 of the time

22/11/2009
6
LBS Technology Architecture

• Positioning
• Probabilistic determination of spatial
  coordinates of a target
• Geographic Information Systems
• Tools to provision and administer base map data
  such as man made structures (streets, buildings)
  and terrain (mountains, rivers)
• Manage point-of-interest data such as location of
  gas stations, restaurants, nightclubs, etc.
• Information about the radio frequency
  characteristics of the mobile network
• Location Management Function
• Processes positioning and GIS data on behalf of
  LBS applications
• Gateway and mediator between positioning
  equipment and LBS infrastructure

7
Positioning Methods

• Network-based Mobile Positioning Technology -
  Position of target determined in the mobile
  network
• Mobility signaling information
• Position Determination Equipment/Location
  Management Unit (PDE/LMU)
• Handset-based Mobile Positioning Technology -
  Position of target determined by terminal
• Global Positioning System
• MAP and radio propagation data processed by a
  positioning algorithm in the terminal

8
Network-based Mobile Positioning

• SS7/Mobile IN Technologies for Positioning -
  leverage the SS7 and IN network to obtain
  location, especially for mid-call/session
  position updates
• SS7 message may contain the cell of origin (COO)
  or cell ID of the corresponding cell site
  currently serving the user
• GSM MAP Any Time Interrogation (ATI)
• ANSI-41 Position Request (PosReq) messages
  respectively for positioning
• LBS application can be middle-ware as an Service
  Control Function (SCF) launching a message (MAP
  ATI or PosReq) to the HLR for position
  information. The HLR may respond with approximate
  information (such as the COO) or more precise
  information (such as TA or NMR as in the case
  with GSM).

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Network-based Mobile Positioning

• Angle of Arrival (AOA)
• Angle of received signal from handset
• Requires adaptive antenna technology
• Time of Arrival (TOA)
• Timing Advance (TA) or Round Trip Timing (RTT)
  from handset
• Radio Propagation Techniques
• Level of received signal vs. Position determine
  previously determined mapping of the radio
  frequency (RF) characteristics of cell area
• Hybrid Methods
• Use the best of AOA, TOA, and RF to provide
  improved positioning

10
SS7/Mobile IN Technologies for Positioning
Cell coverage area"Service area"
Sector
MS
Base station
Base station coverage
11
Angle of Arrival (AOA)
Cell coverage area"Service area"
Sector
AOA
Up Link Signal
MS
Base station
Base station coverage
12
Angle of Arrival (AOA)
Cell coverage area"Service area"
Sector
AOA
Multi-path
Multi-path
MS
Base station
Base station coverage
13
Time of Arrival (TOA)
Sector
Timing Advance
MS
Base station
Base station coverage
14
Up Link Time Difference of Arrival U-TDOA
Hyperbolic Trilateration
SDCCH, TCH -ToA
SDCCH, TCH -ToA
MS
15
Radio Propagation Techniques
16
Hybrid AOA TOA
Cell coverage area"Service area"
Sector
AoA
Timing Advance
MS
Base station
Base station coverage
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Handset-based Mobile Positioning

• Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD)
• Round Trip Timing (RTT) derived TOA from 3 base
  stations
• Idle Period Downlink OTD Of Arrival IPDL-OTDOA
• Trilateration of UTRAN frame timing to/from 3
  base stations
• Enhanced/Advanced Forward Link Trilateration
  (E/AFLT)
• Trilateration of CDMA messages from base stations
• Global Positioning System (GPS)
• GPS receiver in handset
• Assisted GPS (A-GPS)
• Additional network equipment deployed to
  calculate and relay relative position along with
  satellite GPS information to the handset.

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Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD)
Round Trip Timing
Round Trip Timing
Round Trip Timing
MS
19
IPDL-OTDOA
Hyperbolic Trilaleration
UTRAN SFN-SFN OTD
UTRAN SFN-SFN OTD
20
Enhanced/Advanced FLT
Hyperbolic Trilaleration
21
Hyperbolic Trilaleration
di - dj c (Dti - Dtj)
22
The Global Positioning System
ephemeris, almanac, clock...
ephemeris, almanac, clock...
ephemeris, almanac, clock...
MS
Base station
GPS Ground Station
23
The GPS Problem
ephemeris, almanac, clock...
MS
Base station
GPS Ground Station
24
Assisted GPS (A-GPS)
ephemeris, almanac, clock...
ephemeris, almanac, clock...
DGPS, timing, xyz
Base station
MS
GPS Reference Receiver
GPS Ground Station
25
Summary of Positioning Technologies

   
26
ILS/LCS Standards

• GSM Stage 1
• TS 02.71 LCS Stage 1
• GSM Stage 2
• TS 03.59 LCS GERAN
• TS 03.71 LCS Functional description
• GSM Stage 3
• TS 04.30 LCS Supplementary service operations
• TS 04.31 LCS Mobile Station (MS) - Serving
  Mobile Location Centre (SMLC) Radio Resource LCS
  Protocol (RRLP)
• TS 04.35 LCS Broadcast network assistance for
  Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD) and
  Global Positioning System (GPS) positioning
  methods
• TS 04.71 LCS Mobile radio interface layer 3
  specification
• TS 09.31 LCS Base Station System Application
  Part LCS Extension (BSSAP-LE)

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ILS/LCS Standards

• 3GPP Stage 1
• TS 22.071 LCS Functional description
• 3GPP Stage 2
• TS 23.171 LCS Functional description (UMTS)
• TS 23.271 LCS Functional description
• TR 23.835 Study into applicability of Galileo in
  LCS
• TR 23.871 Enhanced support for user privacy in
  LCS
• 3GPP Stage 3
• TS 24.030 LCS Supplementary service operations
• 3GPP2
• IS-801 Position Determination Service Standard
  for Dual
• Mode Spread Spectrum Systems
• IS-801A Assisted GPS A-GPS

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WES/LBS Standards

• PCS 1900/CDMA
• J-STD-036-A-2002 Enhanced Wireless 9-1-1 Phase 2
  incorporates a mobile positioning center (MPC)
  that would provide the location manager
  middle-ware function for WES as well as
  commercial based LBS.

29
Acknowledgements

• Margaret Livingston, Nokia
• Mobile in a Minute
• Openwave
• Fall Creek Consultants
• True Position
• Manifest Technology
• Universal Wireless Communications Communications
  Consortium (UWC)