Environmental Management - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Environmental Management

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1972 - Pesticide Control Act. 1973 - Endangered Species Act. 1974 - Safe Drinking Water Act ... 1977 - Clean Air Act Amendments ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Environmental Management


1
Environmental Management
  • Managing Environmental Issues

2
Sustainable Development
  • Development that meets the needs of the present
    without compromising the ability of future
    generations to meet their own needs
  • Two core ideas
  • poverty is an underlying cause of environmental
    degradation
  • economic development must be accomplished
    sustainably

3
Forces of Change
  • Population explosion
  • World poverty
  • Industrialization

4
Leading US Environmental Protection Laws
  • 1969 - National Environmental Policy Act
  • 1970 - Clean Air Act
  • 1972 - Water Pollution Control Act
  • 1972 - Pesticide Control Act
  • 1973 - Endangered Species Act
  • 1974 - Safe Drinking Water Act
  • 1974 - Hazardous Materials Transportation Act

5
Leading US Environmental Protection Laws
  • 1976 - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
  • 1976 - Toxic Substances Control Act
  • 1977 - Clean Air Act Amendments
  • 1980 86 - Comprehensive Environmental
    Response Compensation and Liability Act
    (Superfund)
  • 1987 - Clean Water Act amendments
  • 1990 - Clean Air Act
  • 1990 - Pollution Prevention Act

6
Policy Approaches to Reducing Pollution
  • Command and Control Strategies (environmental
    standards)
  • Market Driven Strategies (market-based
    mechanisms)
  • Information Disclosure Strategies
  • Technology Forcing Strategies

7
Command and Control Strategies(Environmental
Standards)
  • ADVANTAGES
  • enforceable in the courts
  • compliance mandatory
  • DISADVANTAGES
  • across the board standards not equally relevant
    to all businesses
  • requires large regulatory apparatus
  • older, less efficient plants may be forced to
    close

8
Market Driven Strategies Tradable Allowances
  • ADVANTAGES
  • gives businesses more flexibility
  • achieves goals at lower overall cost
  • saves jobs by allowing some less efficient plants
    to stay open
  • permits the govt. and private organizations to
    buy allowances to take them off the market
  • DISADVANTAGES
  • gives business a license to pollute
  • allowances are hard to set
  • may cause regional imbalances in pollution levels
  • enforcement is difficult

9
Market Driven Strategies Emissions Fees and
Taxes
  • ADVANTAGES
  • taxes bad behavior (pollution) rather than good
    behavior (profits)
  • DISADVANTAGES
  • fees are hard to set
  • taxes may be too low to curb pollution

10
Market Driven Strategies Government Incentives
  • ADVANTAGES
  • rewards environmentally responsible behavior
  • encourages companies to exceed minimum standards
  • DISADVANTAGES
  • incentives may not be strong enough to curb
    pollution

11
Information Disclosure Strategies
  • ADVANTAGES
  • government spends little on enforcement
  • companies able to reduce pollution in the most
    cost-effective way
  • DISADVANTAGES
  • does not motivate all companies

12
Technology Forcing Strategies
  • ADVANTAGES
  • companies change because it is in their best
    interest
  • international cooperation is encouraged
  • DISADVANTAGES
  • relies on research grants to further technology
  • must inform all businesses of newly developed
    technology

13
Elements of Effective Environmental Management
  • Top managers with commitment to sustainability
  • Line manager involvement
  • Codes of environmental conduct
  • Cross-functional teams
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