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Foreign language teachinglearning 2001

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Title: Foreign language teachinglearning 2001


1
English Teaching Methodology A, 2002
  • Section 2
  • Session 6

2
Agenda for May 22
  • Quiz 4
  • Warm-up word games
  • Insights from SLA
  • Internal factors
  • External factors

3
3 major Hypotheses
  • Input Hypothesis
  • Output Hypothesis
  • Interaction Hypothesis

4
S.Krashens 5 hypotheses
  • The Acquisition-Learning hypo.
  • The Monitor hypo.
  • The Natural Order hypo.
  • The Input hypo.
  • The Affective Filter hypo.

5
Input Hypothesis
  • input?
  • English that is heard or read
  • ?output--English that is spoken or written
  • i1
  • English that contains structure with a little
    beyond his or her current level of competency
  • Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) by Vygotsky
  • i ?
  • learners current level of competency

6
What does the Input Hypothesis mention about
language learning?
  • Learners can improve English proficiency through
    comprehensive input (i1).
  • A little beyond can become comprehensible
    through linguistic and non-linguistic clues and
    learners guessing.
  • When the Input is i2, it is overwhelming to
    learners.

7
Affective Filter Hypothesis
  • Affective emotional
  • Learners can best acquire English when affective
    filter is low.
  • Where anxiety is high, affective filter is also
    high, which blocks English input from entering
    into learners mind.
  • When anxiety is low, affective filter is also
    low, which makes English easy enter to learners
    mind and brain.

8
Anxiety
environment
English Input
9
Impacts of Krashens hypotheses
  • Tremendous impact on ESL/EFL teachers in north
    American and other areas.
  • Hard to prove his hypothesis
  • For example, how can we define i?
  • By criticizing his hypotheses, SLA research has
    been developed and promoted.
  • Probably right

10
The Output hypothesis
  • Merrill Swain of U/T
  • From research results of Canadian Immersion
    Program.
  • Effects of output (speakingwriting)
  • 1. Noticing hole or gap of their
    interlanguage
  • 2. Hypothesis testing getting feedback
  • 3. Meta talk metalinguistic knowledge

11
The Interaction hypothesis
  • Interaction between students, or between students
    and teachers
  • Ways of talking
  • Motherease
  • Foreigner talk
  • Ways of Feedback
  • Recast
  • Michael Long of U of Hawaii

12
How can you assume difficulties of learning
English in an EFL context?
  • Input poor situation
  • Output poor situation
  • In relation to affective filter hypothesis,
  • High density of people
  • Large class in school and university
  • Nervousness
  • See, Chrysanthemum and Sword (Kiku to Katana) by
    Ruth Benedict

13
Internal factors
  • Model for Individual Differences
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