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Probing Non-Perturbative QCD with
Antiprotons The PANDA Experiment at FAIR

• Introduction Why is QCD so much fun?
• The Physics Glue and Charm
• The Facility FAIR
• Accelerator and Antiproton Cooler Ring
• Detector PANDA
• Summary and Outlook

3
Physics with Panda
Charmed hadrons in the nuclear medium
CP-violation (D/? - sector)
inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering
4
QCD In Principle Simple ?

• Contains Self coupling of Gluons

• Coupling of Quarks to the Gluon fields

• Small coupling perturbative QCD
• Large coupling
• Lattice QCD
• Field theories with effective degrees of freedom

5
Running Coupling Constant
perturbative
strong
QCD
Of particular interest Transition from the
quark-gluon to the hadronic degrees of freedom
6
Physics with Panda
Charmed hadrons in the nuclear medium
CP-violation (D/? - sector)
inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering
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Bound States of QCD


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Flux Tubes and Hybrids
Simplified Lattice Approach

• Excitation of Flux Tube
• Additional angular momentum
• New (exotic) quantum numbers

Bali, 1991
Hybrid
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Charmonium Hybrids
Excited gluon flux

• Predicted by bag models, flux tube models,
  constituent gluon models and LQCD.
• Three of the lowest lying c?c hybrids have exotic
  JPC (0-,1-,2-)
• ? no mixing with nearby c?c states
• Mass 4.2 4.5 GeV/c2.
• Charmonium hybrids expected to be much narrower
  than light hybrids (open charm decays
  suppressed).
• Cross sections for formation and production of
  charmonium hybrids similar to normal c?c states
• ( 100 150 pb).

CLEO
One-gluon exchange
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Charmonium Hybrids

• Annihilation is a gluon rich process
• creates gluonic excitation in a direct way
• 2 complementary techniques
• Production(Fixed-Momentum)
• Formation(Broad- and Fine-Scans)
• Momentum range for a survey
• p 15 GeV

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Bound States of QCD


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Heavy Glueballs
2- 0-

• For light gg/ggg-systems
• unique identification difficult (mixing!)
• Exotic heavy glueballs
• m(0-) 4140(50)(200) MeV
• m(2-) 4740(70)(230) MeV
• Flavor-blindness
• decay into charmed final
• states possible

Morningstar,Peardon, PRD60(1999)34509 Morningstar,
Peardon, PRD56(1997)4043
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Physics with Panda
Charmed hadrons in the nuclear medium
CP-violation (D/? - sector)
inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering
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Charmonium Positronium of QCD

• Positronium

• Charmonium

Mass MeV
Binding energy meV
4100
y

(4040)

Ionization energy
P
( 3940)
3
2
0
3900
D
3
P
( 3880)
( 3800)
3
3
S

3
3
D
3
S
3
1
3
3
D
1
1
2
0
1
2
D
P
( 3800)
3
D
3
1
3
-1000
1
y

(3770)
D
2
0
2
P
3
3

D
3
2
P
3
D
1
2
3
2
2
S
3
2
S

2
1
1
1
2
P
1
3

Threshold
y

(3686)
600 meV
0
3700
1

2
P
3
0
h

(3590)
10-4 eV

c
-3000
c
(3556)

2
h
(3525)

c
c
(3510)

1
3500
c
(3415)

0
-5000
3300
1
S
3
810-4 eV
1
1
S

1

0
-7000
y
(3097)

3100

0.1 nm

-
e
e
C
1 fm
h
(2980)
C

c
2900
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Charmonium Physics
Open questions
?(33S1)
DD
?c2(23P2)
?(13D3)
pp GeV/c
Mcc GeV/c2
?c(31S0)
?c1(23P1)
Peculiar ?(4040)
?(13D2)
DD
h1c(21P1)
?c0(23P0)
?(11D2)
?(13D1)
DD
Terra incognita for 2P and 1D-States
?(23S1)
?c(21S0)
?c2(13P2)
h1c(11P1)
?c1(13P1)
?c - ?(2S) splitting
?c0(13P0)
h1c unconfirmed
J/?(13S1)
?c inconsistencies
?c(11S0)
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Advantage of Antiprotons

• ee- annihilation via
• virtual photon only
• states with JPC 1--

• Mass resolution is only limited by the beam
  momentum resolution

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Recent discoveries hc (21S0) , X(3872)

• Discovery of the ?c(21S0) by
• Belle (BaBar, CLEO).
• Discovery of a new narrow
• state above DD threshold
• X(3872) at Belle ( CDF,
• D0, BaBar).

M(??c) 3637.7 ? 4.4 MeV/c2
_

M 3872.0 ? 0.6 ? 0.5 MeV/c2 ?? 2.3 MeV (90
C.L.)
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Physics with Panda
Charmed hadrons in the nuclear medium
CP-violation (D/? - sector)
inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering
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Hadrons in Nuclear Matter

• Currently at GSI
• many experiments devoted to the study of hadrons
  in nuclei and hadronic matter
• in-medium modifications of hadron properties
• KAOS, deeply bound pionic atoms, HADES
• hadrons with light quarks (u,d,s)

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How about Charm ?

• Mass splitting for D mesons expected !
• Probes
• Measure excitation functions for D production on
  Nuclei with antiproton beam
• Modification of the width of Charmonium states
  near the D threshold

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D Mesons in Nuclear Matter

• Excitation functions Width of
  Charmonium States

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Charmonium in Nuclear Matter Observables
Predicted rates at L 1032 cm-2s-1 few 10
few 100 events/day S.H. Lee,
nucl-th/0310080
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J/y Absorption in Nuclei
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Physics SummaryQCD Systems to be Studied with
PANDA
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The FAIR Facility (was GSI)
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HESR High Energy Storage Ring
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The PANDA Detector Top View
Length 2 m upstream, 10 m downstream
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Proposed Detector (Overview)

• High Rates
• Total s 55 mb
• Vertexing
• (sp,KS,?,)
• Charged particle ID
• (e,µ,p,p,)
• Magnetic tracking
• Elm. Calorimetry
• (?,p0,?)
• Forward capabilities
• (leading particles)
• Sophisticated Trigger(s)

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Participating Institutes(with Representative in
the Coordination Board)
45 Institutes from 12 Countries

• U Basel
• IHEP Beijing
• U Bochum
• U Bonn
• U INFN Brescia
• U INFN Catania
• U Cracow
• GSI Darmstadt
• TU Dresden
• JINR Dubna (LIT,LPP,VBLHE)
• U Edinburgh
• U Erlangen
• NWU Evanston
• U INFN Ferrara

• U Pavia
• IHEP Protvino
• PNPI Gatchina
• U of Silesia
• U Stockholm
• KTH Stockholm
• U INFN Torino
• Politechnico di Torino
• U Oriente, Torino
• U INFN Trieste
• U Tübingen
• U TSL Uppsala
• IMEP Vienna
• SINS Warsaw
• U Warsaw

• U Frankfurt
• LNF-INFN Frascati
• U INFN Genova
• U Glasgow
• U Gießen
• KVI Groningen
• IKP Jülich I II
• U Katowice
• IMP Lanzhou
• U Mainz
• U Politecnico INFN Milano
• U Minsk
• TU München
• U Münster
• BINP Novosibirsk

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Summary and Outlook

• The FAIR Project will include a dedicated
  antiproton facility
• World-class research covering the many facets of
  non-perturbative QCD
• Additional benefits
• Continuation of the ongoing GSI program
  investigating hadrons in dense matter
• Measurement of hadronic interaction cross section
  CRUCIAL for the interpretation of QGP signals
• (J/y suppression)
• The future beyond the future
• Direct CP violation in the Charm sector
• Gravitation experiments with ultra-cold anti
  hydrogen
• CERN AD program with 100 times increased
  intensity and unprecedented beam quality!