The Matriarchy Perplex

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The Matriarchy Perplex
Presenter Anthony Rubio
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What is the Matriarchy Perplex?

• The definition of a Matriarchy is a social system
  in which the mother is head of the family.
• The Matriarchy Perplex involves the questioning
  of power and status of women roles throughout
  history.

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The beginning Gender Equality

• In early civilization the power among men and
  women were fairly equal.
• However, women did have a bit more power
  advantage because of their contributions to
  society.
• Recognition was given for contributions made from
  both males and females.

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The First Shift of Male Power

• The first shift of imbalance of power between
  males and females arose from early technology.
• The invention of slings, stones, spears, and
  other weapons lead to the male specialization of
  hunting.
• Projectile hunting was argued to be the first
  real division of labor between males and females.

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The Second Shift of Power

• The second shift of male advantage occurred
  during proto-western cultures when men discovered
  their role in human procreation.
• It was quickly understood among women that males
  power in relation to procreation was very great.

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The Shift Towards Female Power

• Came about during the introduction of
  horticulture in the Neolithic period.
• Women were primarily in charge of cultivation.
• It was during this period that women reached an
  all time high in status and power.

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Take Over Theory
Presenter Nathan Cheung
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Neolithic era

• Causes of this Event

• cultivation of plants

• domestication of wild animals that both were
  acquired wild before.

This period saw the major changes in human
evolution, for example village life, religion,
art, architecture, farming, advanced tools and
weapons etc.
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James Mellaart

• Male hunting gods become less frequent and
  gradually disappear , while representation of a
  female deity become more frequent and finally
  dominate as cultivation triumphs
• Women reached the zenith of their power in the
  early Neolithic

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• Then at some point in the later Neolithic, and
  particularly as the Bronze Age began, the
  pendulum began to swing the other way.
• From the Bronze Age men specialized in projectile
  weapons and uses of fire, there was a decline in
  status of power.

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Understanding Take Over
Bronze Age
Neolithic
Neolithic
Roles in Labor and Power
Women
Men
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Outcome

• Religious Take Over
• Similar Take Overs
• Christian Take over Europe
• Colonial Take Over Africa and America
• 19th century Cults of Domesticity and Invalidism
  in England and US
• When Christians came over, they converted many of
  the natives.
• Thus how the movement of womens roles changed

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Colonial Take Over Africa and America

• limited activities women
• the development of a hierarchy of clergy members
  with bishops, presbyters and deacons, and it's
  pretty firmly established that women should not
  be either bishops or priests.
• So that women tend to get excluded from those
  functions, though they do have some roles

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Connecting Roles of Women to the Change in Era

• The roles and power for women in the Neolithic
  era was easier than the bronze era because at the
  beginning of the bronze age, weapons were seen as
  power and roles of men had a higher political
  advantage.

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Social Class Theory
Presenter Erika Martinez
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Karl Marx

• Karl Marx, a great social prophet was a major
  figure in the history of economic and
  philosophical thought.
• Marx's vision was based on an evolutionary point
  of departure.

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The Social Class Theory

• The Social Class Theory is basically the social
  structure in which classes were develop with the
  introduction of industrialized.
• Within this social structure of classes, they
  each work individually, yet they need each others
  support in order to excel.

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Evolution of Human Needs

• Marxs theory of social class is derived from the
  evolution of basic human needs. The needs for
  shelter, food, clothing, etc.
• From this the rise of production was introduced,
  and it was this economic factor that brought upon
  the social classes.

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A social class

• To Marx, a social class arise when
• A group of people who have particular social
  positions to which leads to particular social
  circumstances.
• Only when these people are occupying the typical
  positions become involved in common struggles.
• The class then develops a system of communication
• It is then that individuals become part of a
  unified class that consciously can openly express
  their common interests.
• The class becomes a self-conscious and history-
  making body only if they become aware of the
  similarity of their interests through their
  conflicts with opposing classes.

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The Two Major Classes

• The two main classes in industrialized capitalist
  societies
• Bourgeoisie (capitalists)
• Proletariat (landless wage workers)  

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Bourgeoisie or Capitalists Class

• The capitalist class are the owners of production
  in an industrialized capitalist society.
• The ownership and control of production processes
  is what mainly classifies the class as the
  capitalist class.
• Marx believed that capitalist tended to take
  advantage of the working class (Proletariat) to
  gain wealth and profit.

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The Proletariat Class

• This class did not own any means of production,
  i.e land, factories, capital.
• The proletariat class was generally the working
  class of society.
• Mostly relied on capitalist for wages and worked
  manual labor in factories and other production
  processes.
• Karl Marx believed this group of people working
  with different personal interests, come together
  with the common interest. i.e. against their
  employer, bring them together.

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Marx Argued that -Capitalist are destructive
of their class interest in general. -They
lead to the destruction of capitalism because
they act rationally depending on their self
interest it leads to ultimate economic crises
and then this will lead to the destruction of
the common interest common to all.

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Gender Socialization

• Presenter Sarah Cong

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Definition

• Gender socialization The process of learning the
  attitudes and behaviors that are considered
  culturally appropriate for boys and girls.
• Why is gender socialization so important?

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• Gender socialization begins very early in life
• As the child gets older, he or she will begin to
  develop an identity for his or herself and
  establish a personality that reflects their
  masculinity or femininity.
• Nancy Chodorow's essay Family Structure and
  Feminine Personality" basically states that the
  development of a child is basically the same for
  boys and girls until the age of three.

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The difference between girls and boys

• Gender
• Allowance
• Approximately 50 higher then girls

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• Also, the survey goes into how many chores girls
  and boys do in order to earn their allowance.
• Boys only perform an average of three whereas
  girls perform twelve or more.

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Why are girls expected to do four times as much
work around the house than the boys are?

• Chodorow's theory

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Gender and the Media

• For example, beer companies will target the
  twenty to thirty year old male audience and
  include scantily clad women enjoying their
  favorite beers.
• Popular women's magazines also use beautiful
  women to promote cosmetics and beauty products.

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Female Exploitation

• Advertisers utilize female images to sell
  products.
• Society associates beauty with the female and we
  are more inclined to pay attention to a beautiful
  woman presented to us on a screen or a page in a
  magazine.

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Inventive Ability

• Presenter Benny Quach

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Inventive Ability

• Inventive ability is probably independent of
  biological gender
• Ultimate factors of inventive ability may be
  artistic ability and set-breaking thinking
• The difference in connections of the right and
  left side of the brain based on gender

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Equality of Women Inventors

• Dr. Mary Willard
• Jeanne Mance
• Chinese physicist

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Inventive Motive, Opportunity, Achievement

• Motives and opportunities varied depending on the
  situation
• Division of labor
• Improved processes and invented new tools to work
  more efficiently

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Inventive Motive, Opportunity, Achievement
contd.

• Discovered healing properties in herbs and
  invented remedies
• Invention of the Loom
• Neolithic Revolution

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Amanda Theodosia Jones (1835-1914)

• Presenter Jenny Huang

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Amanda Theodosia Jones

• Born in East Bloomfield, Ontario County, New
  York, October 19th, 1835
• Had an educated family
• Fourth of twelve children
• Spent many years devoted to writing and to many
  personal pursuits
• Lived through several occupations
• Teacher
• Poet
• Spiritualist
• Inventor
• Entrepreneur

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Vacuum-Canning Process

• Also known as Pure Food Vacuum Preserving
  Process(es)
• The system involves food placed in a container,
  the air drained out through a series of tubes,
  and hot liquid (100 to 120F) added to the
  container to complete the seal process
• Became the standard canning method in the United
  States

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Vacuum-Canning Process

• Received help from Professor LeRoy Cooley of
  Albany, NY
• In 1873 five patents covered the original method
• Two to Jones alone for preserving food
• One to Jones and Cooley joint
• Two to Cooley alone with one also assigned to
  Jones for the vacuum method called Jones Process

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Inventions

• In 1905 patented two more related inventions and
  two invention companies exploited her process and
  apparatus
• The Womans Canning and Preserving Company of
  Chicago was the most interested- an all woman
  enterprise
• Jones left the company after 3 years because of
  the lack of support from fellow officers
• The company lasted until 1921

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Inventions

• Vacuum process for dry food (1906)
• Ready-Tin Can
• Oil heating furnace
• In a Methodist magazine (1854) "Ladies'
  Repository" Amanda Jones was noted for writing
  several popular civil war folk songs and for her
  books of poetry