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Title: Splash Screen


1
Splash Screen
2
Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction Section 1 Exploration and
Expansion Section 2 The Atlantic Slave
Trade Section 3 Colonial Latin America Visual
Summary
3
Chapter Intro
How are the Americas linked to Africa? The demand
for enslaved Africans increased dramatically
after Europeans began to settle in the Americas.
The Cape Coast Castle in Ghana is one of the
forts where enslaved Africans were held until
ships arrived to take them to the Americas. This
fort could hold about 1,500 slaves usually locked
in dark, crowded dungeons for many weeks. Today,
the Cape Coast Castle contains a museum that
allows people to learn about slavery. In this
chapter you will learn about the exploration of
new lands and its global impact. Why might
people want to visit the Cape Coast
Castle? Does slavery occur in any parts of the
world today?
4
Chapter Intro
5
Chapter Intro
6
Chapter Intro 1
Exploration and Expansion In what ways did
European nations prosper through exploration in
the fifteenth century?
7
Chapter Intro 2
The Atlantic Slave Trade How did European
expansion and the slave trade affect the people
of Africa?
8
Chapter Intro 3
Colonial Latin America How did Portugal and Spain
profit from their colonies in Latin America?
9
Chapter Preview-End
10
Section 1-Main Idea
The BIG Idea Competition Among Countries
Europeans began exploring the world in the 1400s,
and several nations experienced economic heights
through worldwide trade.
11
Section 1-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
  • conquistadors
  • encomienda
  • Columbian Exchange

Academic Vocabulary
  • overseas
  • percent

12
Section 1-Key Terms
People and Places
  • Hernán Cortés
  • Portugal
  • Vasco da Gama
  • Melaka
  • Christopher Columbus
  • Cuba
  • Ferdinand Magellan
  • John Cabot
  • Amerigo Vespucci
  • Montezuma
  • Francisco Pizarro

13
Section 1-Polling Question
Do you think spreading religion is a justifiable
reason for colonizing native peoples?
A. Yes B. No
  • A
  • B

14
Section 1
Motives and Means
Europeans began to explore distant lands,
motivated by religious zeal and the promise of
gold and glory.
15
Section 1
Motives and Means (cont.)
  • Five European powers, led by Portugal and Spain,
    engaged in an age of exploration. All rose to new
    economic heights.
  • Motives for European exploration include God,
    glory, and gold
  • Economic interests Europeans wanted to expand
    trade and locate spices and precious metals.

European Voyages of Discovery
16
Section 1
Motives and Means (cont.)
  • Religious zeal Explorers such as Hernán Cortés
    were interested in sharing the Catholic faith
    with native peoples.
  • There was an increased desire for grandeur,
    glory, and the spirit of adventure.

European Voyages of Discovery
17
Section 1
What prevented Europeans from traveling overland
to Asia? A. There was a lack of
technology. B. The Ottoman Turks controlled
trade routes. C. The climate was too
harsh. D. The pope forbade transactions with
non-Christians.
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D

18
Section 1
A Race for Riches
Portuguese and Spanish explorers took the lead in
discovering new lands.
19
Section 1
A Race for Riches (cont.)
  • Portugal took the lead in European exploration
    under the leadership of Prince Henry the
    Navigator.
  • Portuguese ships traveled along the western coast
    of Africa, finding gold and other goods.
  • Vasco de Gama traveled around the Cape of Good
    Hope, the southern tip of Africa, and landed in
    India in 1498.

20
Section 1
A Race for Riches (cont.)
  • The Portuguese captured the important port city
    of Melaka on the Malay Peninsula, which enabled
    the Portuguese to control the spice trade that
    had been dominated by Arab traders.
  • The Portuguese used seamanship, guns, and
    treaties to control the spice trade. However,
    they did not have the people, wealth, or desire
    to expand their empire in Asia.

21
Section 1
A Race for Riches (cont.)
  • Christopher Columbus was an explorer who sailed
    for Spain. Columbus searched for a western route
    to Asia and landed at Cuba and Hispaniola in 1492.
  • The Spanish explorer Ferdinand Magellan sailed
    around the tip of South America and into the
    Pacific Ocean. Magellan is credited with being
    the first person to circumnavigate the globe.

22
Section 1
A Race for Riches (cont.)
  • In 1494, Portugal and Spain signed the Treaty of
    Tordesillas, separating control of the newly
    discovered lands.
  • John Cabot, a Venetian, explored the New England
    coastline of the Americas for England.
  • The writings of Amerigo Vespucci, a Florentine
    mapmaker, led to the use of the name America
    for the newly discovered lands in the western
    hemisphere.

23
Section 1
Why did Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of
Tordesillas? A. To convert all native peoples
to Catholicism B. To defend all new lands
from England and France C. To divide control of
the new lands D. To prevent non-Catholic
nations from exploring the new lands
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D

24
Section 1
The Spanish Empire
The great Aztec and Inca civilizations succumbed
to the Spanish.
25
Section 1
The Spanish Empire (cont.)
  • The Spanish conquistadors established an overseas
    empire in the Americas.
  • In 1519 Hernán Cortés and his Spanish allies were
    welcomed into Tenochtitlán by the Aztec monarch
    Montezuma. The Spanish were expelled from the
    city one year later.
  • When the Spaniards left, smallpox devastated the
    Aztec capital. The Spanish returned and captured
    the city, and the Aztec Empire was destroyed.

26
Section 1
The Spanish Empire (cont.)
  • In 1530 Francisco Pizarro led an expedition into
    the Inca Empire. Like the Aztec, the Incas were
    no match for Spanish disease, guns, and horses.
  • Pizarro established a new capital for the Spanish
    colony at Lima.
  • The Spanish used a system of colonial
    administration called the encomienda system the
    right of landowners to use Native Americans as
    laborers.

27
Section 1
The Spanish Empire (cont.)
  • Spanish landowners could use Native Americans for
    labor in return for protection and converting
    them to Christianity.
  • Native American political and social structures
    were torn apart and replaced by European systems
    of religion, language, and government.
  • The exchange of plants, animals, and disease
    between Europe and the Americas is known as the
    Columbian Exchange.

28
Section 1
Which of the following was sent from the Americas
to Europe? A. Wheat B. Horses C. Cattle D. Potat
oes
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D

29
Section 1
European Rivals
The Portuguese and Spanish found new rivals in
the Dutch, French, and English for trading rights
and for new lands.
30
Section 1
European Rivals (cont.)
  • The Dutch formed the East India Company to
    compete with the English and Portuguese for the
    Indian Ocean trade.
  • The Dutch also formed the West India Company to
    compete with the Spanish and Portuguese in the
    Americas.
  • By the early seventeen century, the Dutch
    established settlements in North America such as
    New Netherland.

31
Section 1
European Rivals (cont.)
  • In the 1600s, the French colonized parts of
    present-day Louisiana and regions of Canada.
  • The English began to settle the eastern seaboard
    of North America and islands in the Caribbean
    Sea.
  • In 1664, the English seized the harbor of New
    Netherland from the Dutch and renamed it New
    York.

32
Section 1
Which European power colonized the region of
Canada? A. England B. France C. The
Netherlands D. Spain
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D

33
Section 1-End
34
Section 2-Main Idea
The BIG Idea Human Rights European expansion
affected Africa with the dramatic increase of the
slave trade.
35
Section 2-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
  • colony
  • mercantilism
  • balance of trade
  • subsidies
  • plantations
  • triangular trade
  • Middle Passage

Academic Vocabulary
  • transportation
  • primary

36
Section 2-Key Terms
People and Places
  • King Afonso
  • Benin

37
Section 2-Polling Question
Do you think slavery still exists in the world
today? A. Yes B. No
  • A
  • B

38
Section 2
Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism
The slave trade increased as enslaved Africans
were brought to the Americas.
39
Section 2
Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism (cont.)
  • The nations of Europe created trading empires and
    established colonies in the Americas and in the
    East.
  • Colonies were an integral part of mercantilism,
    an economic theory based on gold and a limited
    amount of wealth inthe world.

40
Section 2
Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism (cont.)
  • Colonies provided raw materials and markets for
    finished goods.
  • To bring in more gold, nations tried to have a
    favorable balance of trade and export more goods
    than they imported.
  • To encourage exports, governments granted
    subsidies and improved transportation systems.

41
Section 2
Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism (cont.)
  • Slavery had existed since ancient times, and
    African slaves served as domestic servants in
    Southwest Asia.
  • The demand for slaves changed dramatically with
    the introduction of sugarcane. Labor was needed
    to work the plantations where sugarcane was
    grown.

Atlantic Slave Trade, 15001600s
42
Section 2
Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism (cont.)
  • Slaves became an important commodity in the
    triangular trade that connected Europe, Africa,
    and the Americas.
  • As many as 10 million African slaves may have
    been brought to the Americas between 1500 and the
    late 1800s.

Atlantic Slave Trade, 15001600s
43
Section 2
Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism (cont.)
  • One reason for the high number of exported slaves
    was the high mortality rate, especially during
    the Middle Passage, the journey across the
    Atlantic Ocean.
  • The slave trade devastated the population of
    African communities near the coastal regions.
  • Some African rulers, such as King Afonso,
    protested but were ignored by African and
    European slave traders.

Atlantic Slave Trade, 15001600s
44
Section 2
What caused the demand for slaves to
increase? A. The Treaty of Tordesillas B. The
need to populate the Americas C. The
introduction of sugarcane D. To maintain a
balance of trade between Africa and Europe
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D

45
Section 2
Effects of the Slave Trade
The slave trade led to depopulation, increased
warfare, and devastation for many African states.
46
Section 2
Effects of the Slave Trade (cont.)
  • Effects of the slave trade in Africa
  • depopulated areas
  • increased warfare
  • loss of the strongest and youngest men and women

47
Section 2
Effects of the Slave Trade (cont.)
  • Benin was transformed from a brilliant society
    into a brutal, war-ravaged region following the
    introduction of slavery.
  • The use of enslaved Africans was widely accepted
    until the Society of Friends began to condemn it
    in the 1770s.
  • The French abolished slavery in the 1790s the
    English abolished slavery in 1807 and slavery
    continued in the United States until the 1860s.

48
Section 2
Which group condemned slavery and began an
anti-slavery movement in Europe? A. Beninnites B.
French Revolutionary Society C. Society of
Friends D. European Anti-Slavery Coalition
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D

49
Section 2-End
50
Section 3-Main Idea
The BIG Idea Competition Among Countries
Portugal and Spain reaped profits from the
natural resources and products of their Latin
American colonies.
51
Section 3-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
  • peninsulares
  • creoles
  • mestizos
  • mulattoes
  • mita

Academic Vocabulary
  • labor
  • draft

52
Section 3-Key Terms
People and Places
  • Brazil
  • Juana Inés de la Cruz

53
Section 3-Polling Question
Colonies needed the support of a parent country
to be successful. A. Agree B. Disagree
  • A
  • B

54
Section 3
Colonial Empires in Latin America
The Portuguese and Spanish built colonial empires
in Latin America and profited from the resources
and trade of their colonies.
55
Section 3
Colonial Empires in Latin America (cont.)
  • In the 1500s, Portugal controlled Brazil, while
    Spains colonial possessions included parts of
    North America, Central America, and most of South
    America.
  • The area of Central and South America became
    known as Latin America, and a unique social class
    system emerged.

Colonial Latin America to 1750
56
Section 3
Colonial Empires in Latin America (cont.)
  • Colonial Latin America Social Order
  • Peninsulares Spanish and Portuguese officials
    born in Europe they held all important
    government positions.
  • Creoles Descendants of Europeans who were born
    in Latin America they controlled business and
    land.
  • Mestizos The offspring of European and Native
    American intermarriage.

57
Section 3
Colonial Empires in Latin America (cont.)
  • Mulattoes The offspring of Africans and
    Europeans.
  • Conquered Native Americans and enslaved Africans.

58
Section 3
Colonial Empires in Latin America (cont.)
  • Europeans utilized the Native Americans as labor.
    They used the encomienda system and mita to
    sustain a viable labor force.
  • Gold and silver from the colonies offered
    immediate wealth to the Europeans. Products, such
    as tobacco, sugar, and animal hides were traded
    to Europe in return for finished products.

59
Section 3
Colonial Empires in Latin America (cont.)
  • To control their colonial possessions in the
    Americas, Portugal and Spain used
    governor-generals to develop a bureaucracy and
    carry out imperial policies.
  • Catholic missionaries were also instrumental in
    converting and maintaining order within the
    colonial territories.
  • The Catholic Church provided an outlet other than
    marriage for women. Many nuns like Juana Inés de
    la Cruz, urged convents to educate women on
    subjects beyond religion.

60
Section 3
How did the Spanish and Portuguese monarchs
control their colonial possessions? A. By
appointing Native Americans as local
rulers B. By appointing Europeans to
governor-general positions C. By maintaining a
large army D. By paying tribute to the local
Native American rulers
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D

61
Section 3-End
62
VS 1
EARLY EXPLORATION of West Africa, India, and the
Americas
  • Motivated by religious zeal, gold, and glory,
    Europeans began to explore distant lands.
  • The Portuguese sailed east around Africa to
    India.
  • Spanish ships sailed west to the Americas.
  • Spanish conquistadors seized lands ruled by the
    Aztec and Inca.
  • Diseases introduced by Spanish explorers killed
    much of the Native American population.
  • By the late 1600s, the Dutch, French, and English
    entered the rivalry for new lands and trade.

63
VS 2
AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE of Europe, Asia, and the
Americas
  • Before the new exploration, the primary market
    for enslaved Africans had been Southwest Asia.
  • The demand for plantation laborers in the
    Americas greatly increased slave trade.
  • Enslaved Africans were part of the triangular
    trade between Europe, Africa and Asia, and the
    Americas.
  • In Africa, the slave trade led to increased
    warfare, depopulation, and the deterioration of
    society.

64
VS 3
COLONIAL EMPIRES of Latin America
  • The Portuguese and Spanish profited from their
    colonial empires in Latin America.
  • Peninsulares were the top social class, followed
    by creoles, mestizos and mulattoes, and finally
    enslaved Africans and Native Americans.
  • Catholic missionaries spread across the Americas
    to try to Christianize Native Americans.

65
VS-End
66
Figure 1
67
Figure 2
68
Figure 3
69
Figure 3a
70
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77
Vocab1
conquistador a Spanish conqueror of the Americas
78
Vocab2
encomienda a system of labor the Spanish used in
the Americas Spanish landowners had the right,
as granted by Queen Isabella, to use Native
Americans as laborers
79
Vocab3
Columbian Exchange the extensive exchange of
plants and animals between the Old and New
Worlds, especially during the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries
80
Vocab4
overseas movement or transport over the sea land
beyond the sea
81
Vocab5
percent a part of a whole divided into 100 parts
82
Vocab6
colony a settlement of people living in a new
territory, linked with the parent country by
trade and direct government control
83
Vocab7
mercantilism a set of principles that dominated
economic thought in the seventeenth century it
held that the prosperity of a nation depended on
a large supply of gold and silver
84
Vocab8
balance of trade the difference in value beween
what a nation imports and what it exports over
time
85
Vocab9
subsidy government payment to encourage or
protect a certain economic activity
86
Vocab10
plantation a large agricultural estate
87
Vocab11
triangular trade a pattern of trade that
connected Europe, Africa and Asia, and the
American continents typically, manufactured
goods from Europe were sent to Africa, where they
were exchanged for enslaved persons, who were
sent to the Americas, where they were exchanged
for raw materials that were then sent to Europe
88
Vocab12
Middle Passage the journey of enslaved persons
from Africa to the Americas, so called because it
was the middle portion of the triangular trade
route
89
Vocab13
transportation means of travel from one place to
another
90
Vocab14
primary most important
91
Vocab15
peninsulare a person born on the Iberian
Peninsula typically, a Spanish or Portuguese
official who resided temporarily in Latin America
for political and economic gain and then returned
to Europe
92
Vocab16
creole a person of European descent born in the
New World and living there permanently
93
Vocab17
mestizo a person of mixed European and Native
American Indian descent
94
Vocab18
mulatto a person of mixed African and European
descent
95
Vocab19
mita a labor system that the Spanish
administrators in Peru used to draft native
people to work in the Spanish landowners silver
mines
96
Vocab20
labor people with all their abilities and efforts
97
Vocab21
draft to select for some purpose to conscript
98
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