Cambodia

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Cambodia

• Angkor Wat

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Cambodia

• Angkor old kingdom (7th-13th centuries)
• Capital city Phnom Penn
• Religion Hinduism (7th-12th centuries), Mahayana
  Buddhism (12th-14th centuries) Theravada
  Buddhism (15th-present)
• Khmer ethnic
• Mon-Khmer language

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Hinduism

• Polytheistic religion (worship many gods and
  goddesses)
• Goal is to achieve moksa--by praying, worshipping
  (darsana) and giving offering to gods
• Each god has a female companion and rides on
  vehicle such as bull (Nandi), lion, goose each
  holds some attributes (Siva tridents and Vishnu
  conch shell and wheel)

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Triad

• Brahma-God of Creator
• Vishnu-God of Preserver (has many incarnations
  such as Rama and Krishna)
• Shiva-God of Destroyer (also the protector of
  animals)
• Devi-goddess (e.g., Laksmi (Good Fortune) and
  Parvati) symbolizing beauty, benevolent, and
  wealth as well as power and wrath

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3.29 Angkor Wat, early 12th century
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Angkor Wat

• King Suryavarman II (c. 1112-1150 CE)
• Hindu temple, facing West (direction of death),
  associates with Vishnu
• It symbolizes the center of the universe, Mount
  Meru
• The moat symbolizes the oceans surrounding the
  earth
• The succession of concentric galleries represent
  the mountain ranges that surround Mount Meru
• The towers (Gopura) represent the mountains
  peaks
• It was converted to Theravada temple in the 15th
  century

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King Suryarvarman II, c. 1112-1150
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Plan

• Square shape with cruciform cloister
• Enter on the West side through the causeway
• Made of sandstone foundation was made of
  laterite
• Upper level carries five towers and surrounding
  galleries
• The summit is enclosed by continuous gallery (60m
  square) the center shrine tower is 42m high.

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Library
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Gallery and main towers
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Apsaras (celestrial beings)
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Apsaras
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Lotus motif
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Upper towers
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Main tower
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Vishnu
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Interior

• sculpture 8 arm Vishnu may have been located in
  the main sanctuary
• Interior decorated with bas-relief
• Themes Ramayana and Mahabartha epics
• Historic procession of King Suryavarman II and
  court
• The West and East sides depicted the Heavens and
  Hells
• Apsaras (celestial beings) approximately 2000

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Suryavarman II
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Vishnu and Garuda
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The Judgement of Yama, God of Dead and the
Underworld
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Battle scene
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The Churning of the Sea of Milk

• Story taken from the Bhagavata-Purana
• Gods and demons (asuras)
• Naga Vasuki used as a robe for the churning
• Produce the amrita, the elixir of immortality

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Gods
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The Churning of the Sea of Milk, E gallery
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Demons
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Syam khuk